Текст №4

1. Why is it important to act quickly in an emergency?

to prevent significant and long-lasting effects on physical or mental health.

2. What is the primary aim of first aid? Name its key points.

There are 3 key P's: preserve life, prevent deterioration and promote recovery.

3. What accidents can result in emergencies?

This may be the result of asphyxiation, electro- cution, drowning, a heart attack or another type of accident.

4. What is ABC of first aid?

The ABC of the first aid refers to the assessment of person's air- ways, breathing and circulation

5. What must be started immediately if a victim has stopped breath- ing?

Artificial respiration must be started immediately. If the heart has stopped beating as well, then cardiac massage will also be necessary.

6. What kind of artificial respiration is the most effective?

Mouth-to-mouth breathing is the most effective form.

7. How can severe bleeding be stopped?

It can usually be stopped with direct pressure above the place of bleeding.

8. What happens in shock? Describe the symptoms of shock.

This is a serious disease in which tissues do not receive enough oxygen. Essential signs are tachycardia, hypotension

9. Is there any universal antidote for all poisons? How to help a vic- tim in poisoning?

The antidote for each poison is different; In some cases, induce vomiting or lavage the stomach

10. What is a first aid kit? What should it contain? What for?

First aid kit contains a set of first aid items, painkillers, antihistamines, activated charcoal, tranquilizers, emetics and antiemetics

Текст №5

1. What is trauma?

Trauma -- a physical wound or injury

2. Can traumas or injuries be lethal?

Major trauma can result in death.

3. What types of injuries can cause risk for patient's life?

Severe head injuries, neck and back injuries, limb fractures

4. How to deal with patients with head and back injuries?

The victim should not be moved much or abruptly in space.

5. What is a classification of fractures? Give their definitions.

With a simple or closed fracture, bone fragments do not pierce the skin. In a compound or open fracture, the ends of the bone pass through the skin. A compensated fracture is an injury in which the bone breaks into several pieces.

6. Is there any difference between sprain and strain?

A strain is an injury in which muscle fibers are torn as a result of overextension. A sprain is a serious injury to a joint caused by forceful twisting, damaging surrounding blood vessels, nerves, and primarily ligaments.

7. What are the typical symptoms of bone fractures and joint injuries?

Symptoms are pain, swelling, tenderness, discoloration afa joint.

8. How to help a victim with a suspected fracture?

Apply a splint and numb

9. What are abrasions? Are they considered to be serious injuries?

An abrasion is a scraping from the surface of the skin. Most abrasions heal on their own without treatment.

10. How to help persons with different types of wounds? What does it depend on?

it is necessary to stop the bleeding, the wound should be cleaned, disinfected with an antiseptic and covered with a sterile bandage.

11. What is first aid treatment for a fracture?

Apply a splint and numb

12. What measures should be taken to avoid infection in an abrasion?

The wound should be applied, disinfected with an antiseptic and covered with a sterile bandage.