nrcc47705
.pdf
03/21/2005 |
Performance of Green Roof Systems |
DRAFT |
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Figure 1: Growing Medium and Irrigation System Being Installed on the Roof of the Eastview Neighbourhood Community Centre
Green Roof S (dark-colored growing medium) is shown in the foreground while Green Roof G (light-colored growing medium) is shown on the top left.
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
10 |
03/21/2005 |
Performance of Green Roof Systems |
DRAFT |
18 m |
Reference Roof |
4 m 8 m 8 m 4 m
Roof Drain
Roof Drain
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HVAC |
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G1 |
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G2 |
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G3 |
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4.2 m |
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R |
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WS |
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Green Roof System G |
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Green Roof System S |
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HVAC |
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4.2 m |
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9 m |
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S3 |
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Roof Drain
6 m |
26 m |
Figure 2: Schematics of the Two Green Roof Systems and the Reference Roof.
The crosses mark the seven instrumentation locations (S1, S2, S3, G1, G2, G2 and R) and the weather station location (WS).
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
11 |
03/21/2005 |
Performance of Green Roof Systems |
DRAFT |
|
S1, S2 and S3 |
|
|
G1, G2 and G3 |
|
Vegetation |
(S1 only) |
|
|
(G1 only) |
Vegetation |
|
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Instrumentation |
Layer |
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Thermocouple |
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Heat Flux Transducer |
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Growing Medium |
|
Relative Humidity Sensor |
E5 |
|
Growing Medium |
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Soil Moisture Sensor |
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Filter Layer |
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E4 |
|
Root Anchoring Layer |
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||
Drainage Layer |
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Drainage/Filter Layer |
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Roof Membrane |
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E3 |
|
Roof Membrane |
Fiberboard |
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E2 |
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Fiberboard |
Thermal Insulation |
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Thermal Insulation |
Vapour Barrier |
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E1 |
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Vapour Barrier |
Gypsum Board |
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Gypsum Board |
Steel Deck |
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Steel Deck |
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E0 |
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Green Roof System S |
Reference Roof |
|
Green Roof System G |
|
Figure 3: Location of Sensors Embedded Within the Various Roofing Systems at the Eastview Neighbourhood Community Centre
(a) Green Roof System S (b) Green Roof System G and (c) Reference Roof.
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
12 |
03/21/2005 Performance of Green Roof Systems DRAFT
(a) Ambient030626, WSConditions-T, SR |
(b) Reference Roof |
|
03626, TC- |
|
1000 |
|
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SR |
40 |
|
70 |
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E0 (IN) |
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||
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E1 (VB) |
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OUT |
|
60 |
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E2 (INS) |
||||
|
800 |
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|||
(W/m2) |
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30 |
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50 |
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E3 (MEM) |
||
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OUT |
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||
Intensity |
600 |
|
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|
T(°C) |
T (°C) |
40 |
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400 |
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20 |
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30 |
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Solar |
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10 |
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20 |
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|
200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0:00 |
3:00 |
6:00 |
9:00 |
12:00 |
15:00 |
18:00 |
21:00 |
0:00 |
||
|
0:00 |
3:00 |
6:00 |
9:00 |
12:00 |
15:00 |
18:00 |
21:00 |
0:00 |
|
|||||||||
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|
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Time |
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|
Time |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(c)030626,GreenTC-RoofS2 S |
(d)030626,GreenTC-G2Roof G |
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T (°C) |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T (°C) |
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
||
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
E0 |
(IN) |
|
E4 (SB) |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
E0 |
(IN) |
|
E4 (SB) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
E1 |
(VB) |
|
E5 (SM) |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
E1 |
(VB) |
|
E5 (SM) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
E2 |
(INS) |
|
OUT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
E2 |
(INS) |
OUT |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
E3 |
(MEM) |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
E3 |
(MEM) |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
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||
|
0:00 |
3:00 |
6:00 |
9:00 |
12:00 |
15:00 |
18:00 |
21:00 |
0:00 |
|
0:00 |
3:00 |
6:00 |
9:00 |
12:00 |
15:00 |
18:00 |
21:00 |
0:00 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
Time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time |
|
|
|
|
|
(e) Green Roof S |
(f) Green Roof G |
030626, TC-S2 |
030626, TC-G2 |
45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T (°C) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T (°C) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
E0 |
(IN) |
|
E4 (SB) |
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
E0 |
(IN) |
|
E4 (SB) |
|
|
|
|
|
E1 |
(VB) |
|
E5 (SM) |
|
|
|
|
|
E1 |
(VB) |
|
E5 (SM) |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
E2 |
(INS) |
|
OUT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
E2 |
(INS) |
OUT |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
E3 |
(MEM) |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
E3 |
(MEM) |
|
|
||
|
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||
0:00 |
3:00 |
6:00 |
9:00 |
12:00 |
15:00 |
18:00 |
21:00 |
0:00 |
0:00 |
3:00 |
6:00 |
9:00 |
12:00 |
15:00 |
18:00 |
21:00 |
0:00 |
||
|
|
|
|
Time |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Time |
|
|
|
|
|
Figure 4: Temperature Profile of the Roof Sections at the Eastview Neighbourhood Community Centre Site on a Typical Summer Day (June 26, 2003).
Refer to Figure 3 for locations of sensors. Note that the temperature scale of green roofs S and G was expanded for clarity in (e) and (f).
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
13 |
03/21/2005 |
Performance of Green Roof Systems |
DRAFT |
(a) Green Roof S
Membrane Temperature - Green Roof S
(May 2002 - June 2003)
|
80 |
|
|
60 |
|
(°C) |
Tmax |
|
40 |
||
Temperature |
||
20 |
||
Tmin |
||
|
||
|
0 |
|
|
-20 |
May Jun Jul |
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb |
Mar Apr May Jun |
||
|
2002 |
|
|
2003 |
(b) Green Roof G
Membrane Temperature - Green Roof G
(May 2002 - June 2003)
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(°C) |
40 |
|
|
Tmax |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Temperature |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
20 |
|
|
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Tmin |
|
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0 |
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|
-20 |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
|
May |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
Figure 5: Daily Maximum and Minimum Membrane Temperatures at the Eastview Neighbourhood Community Centre (a) Green Roof S and (b) Green Roof G.
The maximum and minimum temperature values were based on data recorded at three locations (i.e., S1-S3 or G1-G3) on each green roof section. Note that the green roofs were installed in late July 2002.
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
14 |
03/21/2005 |
Performance of Green Roof Systems |
DRAFT |
(a) Reference030626,RoofHFTand-SGreen Roof S
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
S1 |
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S3 |
(W/m2) |
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
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|
|
Flow |
0 |
|
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Heat |
|
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-5 |
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-10 |
|
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-15 |
|
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|
0:00 |
3:00 |
6:00 |
9:00 |
12:00 |
15:00 |
18:00 |
21:00 |
0:00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Time |
|
|
|
|
(a) Reference030626,RoofHFTand-GGreen Roof G
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R |
|
|
|
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|
G1 |
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G3 |
(W/m2) |
10 |
|
|
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|
5 |
|
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|
Flow |
0 |
|
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|
Heat |
|
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|
-5 |
|
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-10 |
|
|
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-15 |
|
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|
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|
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|
|
0:00 |
3:00 |
6:00 |
9:00 |
12:00 |
15:00 |
18:00 |
21:00 |
0:00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Time |
|
|
|
|
Figure 6: Heat Flow Through the Roof Sections at the Eastview Neighbourhood Community Centre on a Typical Summer Day (June 26, 2003)
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
15 |
03/21/2005 |
Performance of Green Roof Systems |
DRAFT |
Heat Flow (kWh/m2/day)
Average Daily Heat Flow Through Roof Surfaces
(May 2002 - Jun 2003)
0.25 |
|
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Reference Roof |
|||||||||
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|||||||||
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Green Roof G |
||||||||
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||||||||||||||||||
0.20 |
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Green Roof S |
||||||||
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0.15 |
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0.10 |
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0.05 |
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0.00 |
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May Jun Jul |
Jul* |
Aug* Sep* Oct Nov Dec |
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun |
|
(BI) |
(AI) |
2002 |
|
2003 |
*BI = before installation of green roof, AI = after installation of green roof
Figure 7: Average Daily Energy Demand Due to Heat Flow Through the Roofs at the Eastview Neighbourhood Community Centre.
Note that the green roofs were installed late July 2002.
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
16 |
03/21/2005 |
Performance of Green Roof Systems |
DRAFT |
Figure 8: Modeled 5 m (a) Temperature (°C) and (b) Wind (knots) Distributions at 1800 UTC, June 29, 2001 Over the 1 km Simulation Domain.
The solid line denotes the boundary of Lake Ontario and also the Canada-US border south of the lake. Downtown Toronto is located in the center of the image and denoted with a black cross. The reminder of Toronto is to the west, northwest, north and northwest of downtown, marked by the dotted line.
Figure 9: Modeled 5 m Temperature (°C) Plotted vs. Distance North from City Center along the Transect in Figure 8, Five Times During the Afternoon and Evening of June 29
The simulation time corresponding to Figure 8 (1400 EDT) is highlighted with asterisks.
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
17 |
03/21/2005 |
Performance of Green Roof Systems |
DRAFT |
Figure 10: Irrigated Base Case (IBC) Minus the Base Case (BC)
Figure 11: Modeled Temperature Difference at 5 m: Irrigated Base Case with Green Roof Cover Minus the Irrigated Base Case (IBC)
RCI-Cool Roof 2005_KL 050322.doc |
18 |