Interp_British_Liter
.pdfFor days and days together
In their dwellings underground.
There rose a king in Scotland, A fell man to his foes,
He smote the Picts in battle, He hunted them like roes. Over miles of the red mountain He hunted as they fled,
And strewed the dwarfish bodies Of the dying and the dead.
Summer came in the country, Red was the heather bell;
But the manner of the brewing Was none alive to tell.
In graves that were like children's On many a mountain head,
The Brewsters of the Heather Lay numbered with the dead.
The king in the red moorland Rode on a summer's day;
And the bees hummed, and the curlews
Cried beside the way.
The king rode, and was angry, Black was his brow and pale, To rule in a land of heather And lack the Heather Ale.
It fortuned that his vassals, Riding free on the heath, Came on a stone that was fallen And vermin hid beneath.
Rudely plucked from their hiding, Never a word they spoke:
A son and his aged father - Last of the dwarfish folk.
The king sat high on his charger, He looked on the little men;
And the dwarfish and swarthy couple Looked at the king again.
Down by the shore he had them;
Малютки-медовары В пещерах под землей.
Пришел король шотландский, Безжалостный к врагам, Погнал он бедных пиктов
Кскалистым берегам. На вересковом поле, На поле боевом
Лежал живой на мертвом И мертвый – на живом.
Лето в стране настало, Вереск опять цветет, Но некому готовить Вересковый мед.
Всвоих могилах тесных,
Вгорах родной земли Малютки-медовары Приют себе нашли.
Король по склону едет Над морем на коне, А рядом реют чайки
Сдорогой наравне. Король глядит угрюмо: «Опять в краю моем Цветет медвяный вереск, А меда мы не пьем!»
Но вот его вассалы Приметили двоих Последних медоваров, Оставшихся в живых.
Вышли они из-под камня, Щурясь на белый свет, – Старый горбатый карлик
Имальчик пятнадцати лет.
Кберегу моря крутому
Их привели на допрос, Но ни один из пленных Слова не произнес.
Сидел король шотландский Не шевелясь в седле,
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And there on the giddy brink - "I will give you life, ye vermin, For the secret of the drink."
There stood the son and father And they looked high and low; The heather was red around them, The sea rumbled below.
And up and spoke the father, Shrill was his voice to hear: "I have a word in private,
A word for the royal ear.
"Life is dear to the aged, And honour a little thing;
I would gladly sell the secret," Quoth the Pict to the King.
His voice was small as a sparrow's, And shrill and wonderful clear:
"I would gladly sell my secret, Only my son I fear.
"For life is a little matter,
And death is nought to the young; And I dare not sell my honour Under the eye of my son.
Take HIM, O king, and bind him, And cast him far in the deep; And it's I will tell the secret
That I have sworn to keep."
They took the son and bound him, Neck and heels in a thong,
And a lad took him and swung him, And flung him far and strong,
And the sea swallowed his body, Like that of a child of ten; -
And there on the cliff stood the father, Last of the dwarfish men.
"True was the word I told you: Only my son I feared;
For I doubt the sapling courage That goes without the beard. But now in vain is the torture, Fire shall never avail:
А маленькие люди Стояли на земле.
Гневно король промолвил:
– Пытка обоих ждет, Если не скажете, черти, Как вы готовили мед!
Сын и отец молчали, Стоя у края скалы. Вереск звенел над ними,
В море катились валы.
Ивдруг голосок раздался:
– Слушай, шотландский король, Поговорить с тобою
Сглазу на глаз позволь! Старость боится смерти. Жизнь я изменой куплю, Выдам заветную тайну! – Карлик сказал королю.
Голос его воробьиный Ровно и четко звучал:
– Тайну давно бы я выдал, Если бы сын не мешал!
Мальчику жизни не жалко, Гибель ему нипочем, Мне продавать свою совесть Совестно будет при нем.
Пускай его крепко свяжут И бросят в пучину вод. А я научу шотландцев Готовить старинный мед!
Сильный шотландский воин Мальчика крепко связал И бросил в открытое море
С прибрежных отвесных скал.
Волны над ним сомкнулись. Замер последний крик… И эхом ему ответил
Собрыва отец-старик.
–Правду сказал я, шотландцы, От сына я ждал беды.
Не верил я в стойкость юных,
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Here dies in my bosom The secret of Heather Ale."
Не бреющих бороды.
А мне костер не страшен. Пускай со мной умрет Моя святая тайна – Мой вересковый мед!
NOTE TO HEATHER AL E. Among the curiosities of human nature, this legend claims a high place. It is needless to remind the reader that the Picts were never exterminated, and form to this day a large proportion of the folk of Scotland: occupying the eastern and the central parts, from the Firth of Forth, or perhaps the Lammermoors, upon the south, to the Ord of Caithness on the north. That the blundering guess of a dull chronicler should have inspired men with imaginary loathing for their own ancestors is already strange: that it should have begotten this wild legend seems incredible. Is it possible the chronicler's error was merely nominal? that what he told, and what the people proved themselves so ready to receive, about the Picts, was true or partly true of some anterior and perhaps Lappish savages, small of stature, black of hue, dwelling underground - possibly also the distillers of some forgotten spirit?
P R O S E
1. Suggest Ukrainian equivalents to the following personal and geographic names from BEOWULF as they appear in its screen version (Hollywood production of 2005-2007):
Beowulf, son of Scyld; the land of Scyldings;
Heorogar, Hrothgar, Halga, Beowulf’s children; Heorot, Beowulf’s castle;
Grengel, the monster;
The clan of Geats, the warriors: Hrethel, Unferth, Eofor, Wulf, Ohtere, Wiglaf.
Translate lines 2890-2891 from the poem:
“Yea, Death is better for liegemnen all than a life of shame!”
2. Make a Ukrainian translation of the text below. Pay attention to the translation of proper names.
A LETTER FROM CAPTAIN GULLIVER TO HIS COUSIN SYMPSON. WRITTEN IN THE YEAR 1727.
I hope you will be ready to own publicly, whenever you shall be called to it, that by your great and frequent urgency you prevailed on me to publish a very loose and uncorrect account of my travels, with directions to hire some young
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gentleman of either university to put them in order, and correct the style, as my cousin Dampier did, by my advice, in his book called "A Voyage round the world."
But I do not remember I gave you power to consent that any thing should be omitted, and much less that any thing should be inserted; therefore, as to the latter, I do here renounce every thing of that kind; particularly a paragraph about her majesty Queen Anne, of most pious and glorious memory; although I did reverence and esteem her more than any of human species. But you, or your interpolator, ought to have considered, that it was not my inclination, so was it not decent to praise any animal of our composition before my master HOUYHNHNM: And besides, the fact was altogether false; for to my knowledge, being in England during some part of her majesty's reign, she did govern by a chief minister; nay even by two successively, the first whereof was the lord of Godolphin, and the second the lord of Oxford; so that you have made me say the thing that was not. Likewise in the account of the academy of projectors, and several passages of my discourse to my master HOUYHNHNM, you have either omitted some material circumstances, or minced or changed them in such a manner, that I do hardly know my own work. When I formerly hinted to you something of this in a letter, you were pleased to answer that you were afraid of giving offence; that people in power were very watchful over the press, and apt not only to interpret, but to punish every thing which looked like an INNUENDO (as I think you call it). But, pray how could that which I spoke so many years ago, and at about five thousand leagues distance, in another reign, be applied to any of the YAHOOS, who now are said to govern the herd; especially at a time when I little thought, or feared, the unhappiness of living under them? Have not I the most reason to complain, when I see these very YAHOOS carried by HOUYHNHNMS in a vehicle, as if they were brutes, and those the rational creatures? And indeed to avoid so monstrous and detestable a sight was one principal motive of my retirement hither. Thus much I thought proper to tell you in relation to yourself, and to the trust I reposed in you.
I do, in the next place, complain of my own great want of judgment, in being prevailed upon by the entreaties and false reasoning of you and some others, very much against my own opinion, to suffer my travels to be published. Pray bring to your mind how often I desired you to consider, when you insisted on the motive of public good, that the YAHOOS were a species of animals utterly incapable of amendment by precept or example: and so it has proved; for, instead of seeing a full stop put to all abuses and corruptions, at least in this little island, as I had reason to expect; behold, after above six months warning, I cannot learn that my book has produced one single effect according to my intentions. I desired you would let me know, by a letter, when party and faction were extinguished; judges learned and upright; pleaders honest and modest, with some tincture of common sense, and Smithfield blazing with pyramids of law books; the young nobility's education entirely changed; the physicians banished;
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the female YAHOOS abounding in virtue, honour, truth, and good sense; courts and levees of great ministers thoroughly weeded and swept; wit, merit, and learning rewarded; all disgracers of the press in prose and verse condemned to eat nothing but their own cotton, and quench their thirst with their own ink. These, and a thousand other reformations, I firmly counted upon by your encouragement; as indeed they were plainly deducible from the precepts delivered in my book. And it must be owned, that seven months were a sufficient time to correct every vice and folly to which YAHOOS are subject, if their natures had been capable of the least disposition to virtue or wisdom. Yet, so far have you been from answering my expectation in any of your letters; that on the contrary you are loading our carrier every week with libels, and keys, and reflections, and memoirs, and second parts; wherein I see myself accused of reflecting upon great state folk; of degrading human nature (for so they have still the confidence to style it), and of abusing the female sex. I find likewise that the writers of those bundles are not agreed among themselves; for some of them will not allow me to be the author of my own travels; and others make me author of books to which I am wholly a stranger.
I find likewise that your printer has been so careless as to confound the times, and mistake the dates, of my several voyages and returns; neither assigning the true year, nor the true month, nor day of the month: and I hear the original manuscript is all destroyed since the publication of my book; neither have I any copy left: however, I have sent you some corrections, which you may insert, if ever there should be a second edition: and yet I cannot stand to them; but shall leave that matter to my judicious and candid readers to adjust it as they please.
I hear some of our sea YAHOOS find fault with my sea-language, as not proper in many parts, nor now in use. I cannot help it. In my first voyages, while I was young, I was instructed by the oldest mariners, and learned to speak as they did. But I have since found that the sea YAHOOS are apt, like the land ones, to become new-fangled in their words, which the latter change every year; insomuch, as I remember upon each return to my own country their old dialect was so altered, that I could hardly understand the new. And I observe, when any YAHOO comes from London out of curiosity to visit me at my house, we neither of us are able to deliver our conceptions in a manner intelligible to the other.
If the censure of the YAHOOS could any way affect me, I should have great reason to complain, that some of them are so bold as to think my book of travels a mere fiction out of mine own brain, and have gone so far as to drop hints, that the HOUYHNHNMS and YAHOOS have no more existence than the inhabitants of Utopia.
Indeed I must confess, that as to the people of LILLIPUT, BROBDINGRAG (for so the word should have been spelt, and not erroneously BROBDINGNAG), and LAPUTA, I have never yet heard of any YAHOO so
175
presumptuous as to dispute their being, or the facts I have related concerning them; because the truth immediately strikes every reader with conviction. And is there less probability in my account of the HOUYHNHNMS or YAHOOS, when it is manifest as to the latter, there are so many thousands even in this country, who only differ from their brother brutes in HOUYHNHNMLAND, because they use a sort of jabber, and do not go naked? I wrote for their amendment, and not their approbation. The united praise of the whole race would be of less consequence to me, than the neighing of those two degenerate HOUYHNHNMS I keep in my stable; because from these, degenerate as they are, I still improve in some virtues without any mixture of vice.
Do these miserable animals presume to think, that I am so degenerated as to defend my veracity? YAHOO as I am, it is well known through all HOUYHNHNMLAND, that, by the instructions and example of my illustrious master, I was able in the compass of two years (although I confess with the utmost difficulty) to remove that infernal habit of lying, shuffling, deceiving, and equivocating, so deeply rooted in the very souls of all my species; especially the Europeans. I have other complaints to make upon this vexatious occasion; but I forbear troubling myself or you any further. I must freely confess, that since my last return, some corruptions of my. YAHOO nature have revived in me by conversing with a few of your species, and particularly those of my own family, by an unavoidable necessity; else I should never have attempted so absurd a project as that of reforming the YAHOO race in this kingdom: But I have now done with all such visionary schemes for ever. APRIL 2, 1727
.
3. Compare the double English – Ukrainian – English computer translated piece from the novel and the original and find differences. Comment on discrepancies.
Daniel Defoe |
English – Ukrainian – English computer |
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Robinson Crusoe(original) |
translation |
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CHAPTER V — BUILDS A HOUSE — |
CHAPTER V — BUILDS HOUSE IS |
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THE JOURNAL |
MAGAZINE |
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SEPTEMBER 30, 1659. — I, poor |
on SEPTEMBER, 30, 1659. is I, poor |
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miserable Robinson Crusoe, being |
pitiful Robynson of Crusoe, being |
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shipwrecked during a dreadful storm in |
wrecked during a terrible gale in a coast, |
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the offing, came on shore on this dismal, |
arrived |
ashore |
thereon |
dismal, |
unfortunate island, which I called «The |
unsuccessful island which I caused |
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Island of Despair»; all the rest of the |
<unknown>Despairs; all the other part |
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ship`s company being drowned, and |
ship`s company drowned, and directly |
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myself almost dead. |
almost to death. |
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All the rest of the day I spent in afflicting |
All rest of day I outlaid in smashing itself |
myself at the dismal circumstances I was |
in the cheerless circumstances, I was |
brought to — viz. I had neither food, |
brought — that. I had not food, house, |
house, clothes, weapon, nor place to fly |
clothes, weapon, not place, to fly; and in |
to; and in despair of any relief, saw |
despair of any relief, saw nothing but |
nothing but death before me — either that |
death before me is any that I need to be |
I should be devoured by wild beasts, |
devoured by wild beasts killed savages, or |
murdered by savages, or starved to death |
starve to death for want foods. In |
for want of food. At the approach of night |
approach of night I slept in a tree, for fear |
I slept in a tree, for fear of wild creatures; |
of wild creatures; but sleep loudly, |
but slept soundly, though it rained all |
however there was a rain through the |
night. |
night. |
All this time I worked very hard, the rains |
All the time I worked very hard, rains |
hindering me many days, nay, sometimes |
impedimental to me a lot of days, even, |
weeks together; but I thought I should |
sometimes weeks together; but I thought |
never be perfectly secure till this wall was |
that I must never be fine safe till this wall |
finished; and it is scarce credible what |
was complete; and this scarcely credible, |
inexpressible labour everything was done |
what inexpressible labour it was done |
with, especially the bringing piles out of |
with everything, especially bringing heaps |
the woods and driving them into the |
out of woods and, driving them to earth; |
ground; for I made them much bigger |
for I did them, far greater, than I needed to |
than I needed to have done. |
do. |
When this wall was finished, and the |
When this wall was complete, and the |
outside double fenced, with a turf wall |
external twin worn out by <unknown>, |
raised up close to it, I perceived myself |
with the wall of turf, lifted higher than |
that if any people were to come on shore |
closing to it, I noticed itself, that, if any |
there, they would not perceive anything |
people must arrive ashore there, they will |
like a habitation; and it was very well I |
not be able to notice anything like |
did so, as may be observed hereafter, |
habitation; and it this was good I did so, |
upon a very remarkable occasion. |
as, possibly, to be observed in future, on a |
During this time I made my rounds in the |
very remarkable case. |
woods for game every day when the rain |
During this time I did the circles in woods |
permitted me, and made frequent |
for the game every day, when a rain |
discoveries in these walks of something |
settled me, and did the frequent openings |
or other to my advantage; particularly, I |
in these walks anything or other to my |
found a kind of wild pigeons, which |
advantage; especially, I found a kind of |
build, not as wood-pigeons in a tree, but |
culvers which are built, not as |
rather as house-pigeons, in the holes of |
wood-pigeons in a tree, but rather as |
the rocks; and taking some young ones, I |
house-pigeons, in the holes of rocks; and, |
endeavoured to breed them up tame, and |
taking some young those, I endeavoured |
did so; but when they grew older they |
to the breed them hand, and did so; but, |
flew away, which perhaps was at first for |
when they grew old, they had flown far, |
want of feeding them, for I had nothing to |
which possibly was in the beginning for |
give them; however, I frequently found |
want the serves them, for I had nothing, to |
their nests, and got their young ones, |
give them; however, I often found their |
which were very good meat. And now, in |
nests, and got them young those which |
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the managing my household affairs, I |
were very good meat. And now, in |
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found myself wanting in many things, |
regulating business domestic my, I found |
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which I thought at first it was impossible |
it itself wanting in many things which I |
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for me to make; as, indeed, with some of |
thought in the beginning it was impossible |
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them it was: for instance, I could never |
for me for doing; how, indeed, with some |
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make a cask to be hooped. I had a small |
of them, which this was: for example, I |
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runlet or two, as I observed before; but I |
would never do a barrel which is bent. I a |
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could never arrive at the capacity of |
little brook or two had, because I looked |
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making one by them, though I spent many |
after before; but I would never arrive in |
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weeks about it; I could neither put in the |
<unknown>creations of one by them, |
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heads, or join the staves so true to one |
however |
much |
I outlaid |
much |
another as to make them hold water; so I |
<unknown> this; I would also place in |
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gave that also over. In the next place, I |
heads, or to join to the staves so truth to |
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was at a great loss for candles; so that as |
each other, as, to force them to hold |
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soon as ever it was dark, which was |
water; so I passed it also. In a next place, I |
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generally by seven o`clock, I was obliged |
was in the severe loss for candles; so that, |
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to go to bed. I remembered the lump of |
as soon as this it was dark, which was in |
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beeswax with which I made candles in |
general seven by a hour, I was under an |
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my African adventure; but I had none of |
obligation to lie down to sleep. I |
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that now; the only remedy I had was, that |
remembered the block of beeswax with |
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when I had killed a goat I saved the |
which I made candles in my African |
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tallow, and with a little dish made of clay, |
adventure; but I had none of it now; an |
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which I baked in the sun, to which I |
unique mean which I had was, this, when |
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added a wick of some oakum, I made me |
I put to death a goat, I saved a butter, and |
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a lamp; and this gave me light, though not |
with not many by a dish done from a clay, |
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a clear, steady light, like a candle. In the |
which I baked in a sun to which I added |
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middle of all my labours it happened that, |
the wick of some tow, I did me by a lamp; |
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rummaging my things, I found a little bag |
and it gave me easily, however not clear, |
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which, as I hinted before, had been filled |
steady light, like a candle. In the middle |
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with corn for the feeding of poultry — not |
of all my labours this it happened, |
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for this voyage, but before, as I suppose, |
searching my things, I found a little bag |
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when the ship came from Lisbon. The |
which, because I let fall a hint before, was |
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little remainder of corn that had been in |
filled with a corn for the serve of poultry |
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the bag was all devoured by the rats, and I |
— not for this trip, but before, because I |
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saw nothing in the bag but husks and |
suppose, when a ship arrived from |
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dust; and being willing to have the bag for |
Lyssabona. Little remain of corn which |
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some other use (I think it was to put |
was in a bag, there was all devoured by |
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powder in, when I divided it for fear of |
rats, and I saw nothing in a bag but husks |
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the lightning, or some such use), I shook |
and dust; and, being ready to have a bag |
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the husks of corn out of it on one side of |
for some other use (I think that it must |
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my fortification, under the rock. |
place powder, when I divided it for fear of |
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It was a little before the great rains just |
lightning, or some such use), I shook the |
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now mentioned that I threw this stuff |
husks of corn out of it on one side of my |
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away, taking no notice, and not so much |
fortification, under a rock. |
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as remembering that I had thrown |
This was a little before large rains |
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anything there, when, about a month |
mentioned just, that I had cast aside this |
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after, or thereabouts, I saw some few |
material, not taking no notification, and |
stalks of something green shooting out of |
not so much, as memorizing, that I gave |
the ground, which I fancied might be |
up anything there, when, about in a month |
some plant I had not seen; but I was |
after, or nearby, I saw some the stalks |
surprised, and perfectly astonished, when, |
anything green shooting out of earth |
after a little longer time, I saw about ten |
which I imagined, possibly, to be some |
or twelve ears come out, which were |
factory which I did not see; but I was |
perfect green barley, of the same kind as |
surprised, and fine surprised, when, after |
our European — nay, as our English |
not many more long time, I saw about ten |
barley. |
or twelve ears go out, which was a perfect |
Besides this barley, there were, as above, |
green barley, the same kind as our |
twenty or thirty stalks of rice, which I |
European — even, as our English barley. |
preserved with the same care and for the |
Except for this barley, were there, as |
same use, or to the same purpose — to |
higher, twenty or thirty stalks of rice |
make me bread, or rather food; for I found |
which I saved with the same anxiety and |
ways to cook it without baking, though I |
for the same use, either to the same |
did that also after some time. |
purpose —, to do me by a bread or rather |
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food; for I found that ways cooked it |
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unsupported, however much I did it also |
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after some time. |
4.Find and correst mistakes in the following computer translated piece from
David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. Chapter 11
I BEGIN LIFE ON MY OWN |
Я НАЧИНАЮ ЖИЗНЬ НА МОЕМ |
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ACCOUNT, AND DON'T LIKE IT |
СОБСТВЕННОМ СЧЕТЕ, И НЕ |
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НРАВЛЮСЬ ЭТО |
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I know enough of the world now, to have |
Я знаю достаточное количество мира |
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almost lost the capacity of being much |
сейчас, чтобы иметь почти потерял |
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surprised by anything; but it is matter of |
вместимость много удивлен чем-либо; |
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some surprise to me, even now, that I can |
но это - дело некоторой неожиданности |
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have been so easily thrown away at such |
ко мне, даже сейчас, это я могу быть |
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an age. A child of excellent abilities, and |
так легко крученым далеко в таком |
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with strong powers of observation, quick, |
возрасте. |
Ребенок |
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превосходных |
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eager, delicate, and soon hurt bodily or |
способностей, |
и |
с |
сильными |
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mentally, it seems wonderful to me that |
полномочиями наблюдения, быстрее, |
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nobody should have made any sign in my |
стремящийся, деликатный, и скоро |
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behalf. But none was made; and I became, |
сделанный |
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больно |
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лично |
или |
at ten years old, a little labouring hind in |
мысленно, кажется удивительным ко |
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the service of Murdstone and Grinby. |
мне что никто не должен сделать |
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никакого знака в моем интересе. Но |
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никто не был сделан; и я стал, в десяти |
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годах век, немного трудящегося |
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батрака в обслуживании Murdstone и |
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Grinby |
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Murdstone and Grinby's warehouse was at the waterside. It was down in Blackfriars. Modern improvements have altered the place; but it was the last house at the bottom of a narrow street, curving down hill to the river, with some stairs at the end, where people took boat. It was a crazy old house with a wharf of its own, abutting on the water when the tide was in, and on the mud when the tide was out, and literally overrun with rats. Its panelled rooms, discoloured with the dirt and smoke of a hundred years, I dare say; its decaying floors and staircase; the squeaking and scuffling of the old grey rats down in the cellars; and the dirt and rottenness of the place; are things, not of many years ago, in my mind, but of the present instant. They are all before me, just as they were in the evil hour when I went among them for the first time, with my trembling hand in Mr. Quinion's.
Murdstone and Grinby's trade was among a good many kinds of people, but an important branch of it was the supply of wines and spirits to certain packet ships. I forget now where they chiefly went, but I think there were some among them that made voyages both to the East and West Indies. I know that a great many empty bottles were one of the consequences of this traffic, and that certain men and boys were employed to examine them against the light, and reject those that were flawed, and to rinse and wash them. When the empty bottles ran short, there were labels to be pasted on full ones, or corks to be fitted to them, or seals to be put upon the corks, or finished bottles to be packed in casks. All this work was my work, and of the
Murdstone и склад Grinby's
находился в берегу. Это снизилось в Blаckfriаrs. Современные усовершенствования изменили место; но это был последний дом внизу узкой улицы, изгибая вниз холм к реке, с некоторыми ступеньками в конечном итоге, где люди взяли лодку. Это был сумасшедший старый дом с собственным причалом, примыкая на воде, когда поток находился в, и на грязи, когда поток был, и буквально выход за пределы с крысами. Его облицованные панелями комнаты, бесцветные с грязью и дымом сотни лет, я вызов сказать; его приходящие в упадок этажи и лестница; писк и дерется старых серых крыс вниз в погребах; и грязь и гнилость места; есть вещи, не много лет тому назад, в моем уме, но настоящего мгновения. Они - все перед мной, точно так же, как они находились в злом часу, когда я шел среди них впервые, с моей дрожащей рукой в г-н Quinion's.
Murdstone и торговля Grinby's был среди добра много видов людей, но важная ветвь этого была поставкой вин и алкоголя к определенным судам пачки. Я забываю сейчас, где они главным образом шли, но я думаю, что были некоторые среди них, которые совершили путешествия как к Востоку, так и Вест-индия. Я знаю, что большой много пустых бутылок было одним из последствий этого движения, и, что определенные мужчины и мальчики использовались, чтобы рассматривать их против света, и отвергнуть те, которые портились, и, чтобы ополоснуть и вымыть их. Когда пустые бутылки бежали внезапно, были ярлыки, которые приклеены полный те, или пробки, которые пригодны к ним,
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