Linguistic commentary on unit 9.

Homonyms are words identical to other words in spelling or pronunciation, or both, while differing from them in meaning and usually in origin. There are several types of homonyms: homophones, homographs and homonyms proper.

Homophones have the same pronunciation but different spelling, meaning and belonging sometimes to different parts of speech. For example, there/their/they’re, no/know, threw/through, past/passed.

Homographs have the same spelling but different pronunciation and meaning. For example, lead [li:d]/[led], tear [tiə]/[teə].

Homonyms proper have the same spelling and pronunciation but different meaning (sometimes both lexical and grammatical). For example, match (a football game)/match (a small piece of wood used to make a fire); can (a modal verb)/can (a container), etc.

Unit 10. Revision.

Exercise 1. Choose the correct suffix and write the word out in full.

The weather in Britain is very change + -able/-ous. Only very courage + -ing/-ous people leave their umbrellas at home. Everyone looks forward to see + -ed/-ing the sun. However, there is disagree + -ment/-ly among the experts about how good the sun is for you. Some knowledge + -able/-ful people say the sun is good for your health. Others say it speeds up the age + -ous/-ing process. I am still decide + -ed/-ing who to believe. It is like + -ly/-less that they are both right. Their calculate + -ments/-ations just support their own theories.

Exercise 2. Write the nouns in plural.

Buffalo, veto, cargo, Filipino, commando, grotto, solo, mosquito, echo, tornado, Eskimo, volcano, zoo, contralto, radio, kilo, folio, kangaroo, hero, photo, memo, potato, tomato, bamboo, concerto, piano, soprano, Negro, loaf, workman, calf, roof, mouse, leaf, medium, wharf, elf, corpus, tooth, hoof, plateau, scarf, genius, criterion, phenomenon, sheaf, index, curriculum, handkerchief, antenna, goose, louse, hypothesis, bacillus, cactus, analysis, parenthesis, radium, axis, foot, formula, basis, nucleus, stimulus, matrix, genus, bureau, terminus, fungus, larva, gateau, syllabus, crisis.

Exercise 3. Write -er/-or endings in nouns. Pay attention to the international words spelling of which in English may be checked by means of Russian.

Freez..r, elect..r, imitat..r, edit..r, inform..r, follow..r, conduct..r, supervis..r, advis..r, investigat..r, discover..r, comput..r, collect..r, invent..r, command..r, soldi..r, stenograph..r, profess..r, lawy..r, doct..r, manag..r, interpret..r, destroy..r, contribut..r, provid..r, sail..r, visit..r, operat..r, bank..r, tell..r, tail..r, truck..r, rect..r, orat..r, aviat..r, fresh..r, prosecut..r, debt..r, speak..r, decorat..r, surviv..r, rul..r, invest..r.

Exercise 4. Define the meaning of the words below differing in suffixes. Make phrases with them.

1. Contemptible/contemptuous.

Contempt…. public opinion, contempt…. coward (traitor), contempt…. smile (look).

2. Cultured/cultural.

Cultur.. studies, cultur.. heritage, cultur.. revolution, cultur.. accent, cultur.. speech, cultur.. exchange.

3. Economic/economical.

Econom…. crisis, econom…. housewife, econom…. situation, econom…. use of space, econom…. development.

4. Exhaustive/inexhaustible.

…………… inquiry, …………… energy (supply, resources), …………patience, ………….. account, ……………information.

5. Honorary/honourable/honoured.

………… doctorate, ………… citizen, ………….award, ………….behaviour, ………… duty, …………. intentions, ………… guest (visitor).

6. Respectful/respectable.

…………distance, ………. silence, ………. person, ………. look, ………. place, ……….conduct.

7. Skilful/skilled.

………. hands, ………. labour, ………. worker, ………. workmen.

8. Social/sociable.

………. person, ………. contacts, ………. changes, ………. customs, ………. fellow, ………reforms, ……….welfare.

Exercise 5. Write Participle I of the following verbs.

To wrap, to suffer, to control, to gallop, to omit, to visit, to die, to notice, to age, to verify, to fan, to quarrel, to label, to begin, to envelop, to occur, to compel, to picnic, to commit, to dye, to gossip, to lag, to owe, to worship.

Exercise 6. Make adjectives from the following verbs.

To advise, to prefer, to dispute, to contradict, to imagine, to prepare, to notice, to remove, to exchange, to nurse, to depend, to resist, to assist, to space, to regret, to manage, to like, to rely, to complete, to surprise.

Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks.

Exist..nce, defin..te, sep..rate, resist..nce, fl..rescent, rar..fy, Phili..ines, marsha.., accordi..n, nick.., ficti..ious, m..mento, liqu..fy.

Exercise 8. This is the record card of one student. There are a lot of spelling mistakes in it. Find and correct all the mistakes.

Sports. Ike is skillfull on the football feeld and in the swiming pool.

Music. More self-disiplin and practise are neccesary, but Ike has a good scents of rithum.

Drama. Ike injoys both tradgedy and comidy and is a talented caracter acter.

Maths. Ike has benefitted from atending extra classes. He has definitely improoved, but still makes fawlts threw carelesness.

Jography. Ike’s prodject on equitorial rain forrest’s was very nollidgible.

Science. Ike is unintrested in sience and looses consentration easyly. He also displays a tendancy to talk. During practicle work in the laboratry he medals with the ecqipment. His techneeks are very disapointing.

Histry. Ike has a thurugh under standing of the ainshent werld, espeshally of the lifes of the Roman emporers. He has enjoyed lerning about the gods and godeses of Greek mitholojee.

Inglish. Altho Ike makes littel errers in his grammer, his creativ riting is genrally exsellent. His discriptions are perseptive and ofen humorus. We have been greatful for his asistence in the libry this year. As usuall, Ike is top of the class at spelling.