SEMESTR_2_DLYa_PEChATI__ChAST_2
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-May I leave the class?
-Yes, you may.
-Можно мне выйти из класса?
-Да.
2.возможность действия с низкой степенью вероятности (переводится, как
может быть)
I may spend my holidays in Spain.
Может быть, я проведу каникулы в Испании.
ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ: в значении «разрешение» модальный глагол MAY имеет эквивалент to be allowed to [əˈlaʊd]. Как правило, данный эквивалент используется для констатации наличия разрешения или его отсутствия и не связан с просьбой. Это же значение сохраняется для будущего и прошедшего времени.
We are allowed to stay at home.
Нам разрешают оставаться дома.
We were allowed to stay at home.
Нам не разрешили остаться дома.
We will be allowed to stay at home.
Нам разрешат остаться дома.
ФОРМА ПРОШЕДШЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ МОДАЛЬНОГО ГЛАГОЛА MAY - MIGHT ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ:
1. очень незначительную степень вероятности действия - не ставится
The weather might be better tomorrow.
Может, завтра погода улучшится.
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VI. EXERCISES
1. Point out the meaning of may and might and translate the sentences.
1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. You may go now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 4. Don’t go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. 5. May I go to the post office with Mike? 6. May I take Pete’s bag? 7. Don’t give the vase to the child: he may break it. 8. You may not cross the street when the red light is on. 9. May I shut the door? 10. May the children have some ice-cream?
11. They are planning travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. 12.
Where have you been, may I ask? 13. You may not smoke here. 14. You may go home now. 15. It may rain today. 16. We might go to country at the weekend. 17. I may buy this dress. 18. The weather might be better next week.
2. Read each situation and ask for permission.
Note: Use can or may to make requests for permission. “Can” is used for informal situations; “may” is used for more formal situations.
Examples: You are in class. You want to borrow a classmate’s dictionary. – Can I borrow your dictionary?
You want to leave the classroom. – May I leave the classroom?
1. You are on the telephone. You want to speak to Dr. Grey. 2. You are standing outside your boss’s office. You want to come in. 3. You are at a friend’s house. You want to use the telephone. 4. You are talking to your boss. You want to leave work early today. 5. You are with a classmate. You want to borrow a dollar. 6. You are in class. You want to ask the teacher a question. 7. You are with a classmate in class. You want to have a piece of paper. 8. You are at a friend’s house. You want to use the bathroom. 9. You are a clerk in a department store. You want to help a customer.
10. You are in a restaurant. You want to have a glass of water.
3. Use the verbs in brackets to complete this journal entry.
Thursday, July 3
1. I was supposed to go to the beach tomorrow, but they say it (might/rain). 2. I don’t know what I’ll do. 3. I (may/go) shopping at the mall, instead. 4. It’s a holiday
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weekend, so there (may/be) some good sales. 5. Maybe I’ll call Julie. 6. She (might/want) to go with me. 7. I don’t know. 8. Shopping (might not/be) such a good idea. 9. The stores will probably be really crowded. 10. I (may/go) to a movie. 11.
I’m not sure. 12. There’s a Spanish movie at the cinema. 13. I’m afraid I (might not/understand) enough of it. 14. My Spanish really isn’t that good. 15. Maybe I’ll call Ed and ask him if he wants to take a drive to see Aunt Marta and Uncle Phil. 16.
He (might not/want to) go. 17. He doesn’t like driving in the rain. 18. Oh well, I (may as well/stay) home and read a good book.
4. Make sentences with may or might. Begin each sentence with I’m not sure.
Example: Is Jack is in his office? - I’m not sure, he may (might) be in his office.
1. Does Ann like ice-cream? 2. Are they married? 3. Does she want to go? 4. Does he work hard? 5. Does he have a car? 6. Does Bill feel well? 7. Does she like cooking?
8. Is Megan married? 9. Is this seat free? 10. Are you free on Saturday?
5. Use may or may not and the verbs in brackets.
Examples: Mr. Lane isn’t in his office. He may be on holiday.
I may not go to school tomorrow. I don’t feel very well.
1. Father (cut) the grass today. It looks like rain. 2. Dan isn’t at home. He (be) at the stadium. 3. I (buy) a new dress. I haven’t really got enough money. 4. Let’s take Molly to the McDonald’s. She
(enjoy) it. 5. Mum (cook) something special tonight. It’s Friday. 6. Robert (leave) work early today. He is going on a business trip tomorrow. 7. Sally (come) home late tonight. She’s got a lot of work at the office. 8. I don’t know the answer. Ask Ann, she (know). 9. “Where’s Jack?” “I’m not sure. He (be) in his office, I suppose, but he is not usually there at that time.”
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6. Look at the picture and answer the questions, using the words in brackets.
Example: Will the cereal boxes fall over? (may) They may fall over.
1.Will Laura buy some tea? (may)
……………………………………………………………………………….……
2.Will Dan pay for his groceries? (might not)
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3.Will Jack ask his Mum to buy him a cake? (may)
……………………………………………………………………………………
4.Will Mrs. Adams slip on the banana skin? (may)
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5.Will Mrs. Crabs buy some bread? (may not)
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6.Will the cashier go to the theatre after work? (might not)
……………………………………………………………………………………
7.Will the young man rob the cashier? (might)
……………………………………………………………………………………
8.Will Jerry ask for help? (may)
……………………………………………………………………………………
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7. Work in small groups. Read the situations and think of several possible explanations. Read your ideas to the class.
Example: Jack usually eats a lot. Today he is eating very little. Why? – He might be sick. He may be very busy. He may be nervous.
1. Pete usually goes to work by the underground. 2. Today he is taking a taxi. 3. Why? 4. Helen usually eats dinner with a friend. 5. Today she is eating alone.
6. Why? 7. Mike usually goes to the disco on Sundays. 8. This Sunday he is not going there. 9. Why? 10. Bertha usually talks a lot. 11. Today she is very quiet. 12. Why?
8. Match column A with column B.
A. Is Mr. Wilson free this afternoon? |
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No, I might need them. |
B. Are you going to eat out this |
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I am. I might need an operation. |
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C. Is the baby sick? |
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I don’t know. It may not be open. |
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D. Would you like to meet at the |
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I’m not sure. We might have a |
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E. You are on vacation next week. |
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I might take a trip or I might relax at |
What are you going to do? |
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F. Throw away those papers. |
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It’s possible. He looks pale and he isn’t |
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G. What’s the matter? You look upset. |
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I’m not sure. He may have a meeting. |
9.Say what you are allowed or you are not allowed to do. Example: No smoking. - You are not allowed to smoke.
1.No roller skating. 2. No fishing. 3. No ice-skating. 4. No littering the highway.
5.No radio playing on the bus. 6. No bicycle riding. 7. No hunting. 8. No camping on the beach. 9. No parking. 10. No swimming.
10.Translate the sentences into English.
1. – Можно мне войти? – Нет, нельзя. 2. – Можно мне примерить эти брюки? – Конечно, можно. 3. – Можно мне попить? – Да, можно. 4. Возможно, я куплю эту пару туфель. Она на распродаже. 5. Может быть, погода улучшится завтра. 6. Я, может быть, куплю эти кроссовки. 7. Скоро может пойти дождь. 8. Я, может быть, пойду в торговый центр в воскресенье. 9. Детям не разрешили пойти на улицу. 10. Ему не позволили курить в доме. 11. Нам не разрешат фотографировать в музее. 12. Тебе не разрешат разговаривать на экзамене.
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UNIT 11
STARTING YOUR OWN
BUSUNESS
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I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
STARTING YOUR OWN BUSINESS?
Here are some helpful tips from George Stanton:
1 Make a plan: You should start by making a business plan. You should be able to work out how much money you will need to set up the business. You should also work out how much you will make in the first few years.
2 Do your research: If someone else is already doing what you want to do, you should find out how much they charge for their goods or services and how successful they are.
3 Don't neglect design: If you are going to sell a product, you should invest in a good designer for the product and the packaging. If you are offering a service, advertising
should be a significant part of your budget. You should hire an experienced website designer, as advertising on the Internet is essential nowadays.
4 Plan your working environment: You should always take a lot of care with decoration and lighting, so you and your employees enjoy working there.
5 Do what you like and like what you do: The most important thing in business is that you believe in your product or service. If so you should be a huge success!
II. NOTES
George Stanton [ʤɔːʤ 'stæntən] |
Джорж Стэнтон |
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III. VOCABULARY
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to make a plan |
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составить план |
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You should start by making a |
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business plan. |
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бизнес-плана. |
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to work out |
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посчитать |
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You should also work out how |
Следует также посчитать, сколько |
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to set up a business |
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открыть предприятие, фирму |
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to make sure |
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убедиться; удостовериться |
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competition [ |
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конкуренты |
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everything you can about the |
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competition. |
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своих конкурентах. |
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to find out |
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выяснить, разузнать |
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назначать, запрашивать цену |
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to charge [ |
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Вам следует выяснить, сколько они |
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You should find out how much |
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services. |
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goods [gudz] |
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товар; товары |
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consumer [kən'sjuːmə] goods |
потребительские товары |
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пренебрегать |
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to sell a product |
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хорошего дизйнера. |
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13. packaging ['pækɪʤɪŋ] |
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15. advertising ['ædvətaɪzɪŋ] |
размещение рекламы |
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бюджета |
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You should hire an experienced |
Вам следует нанять опытного веб- |
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сайт дизайнера. |
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ənst] website designer. |
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важный; необходимый |
18. essential [ 'sen əl] |
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рабочее пространство |
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Правильно организуйте офисное |
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Plan your working environment. |
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20. to take a lot of care with smth |
позаботиться о ч-л |
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You should always take a lot of care |
Вам нужно тщательно продумать |
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внутреннее убранство офиса и |
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обеспечить в нем хорошее |
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освещение. |
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21. to believe [b |
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22. to be a success [sək'ses] |
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добиться успеха |
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Вы обязательно добьетесь больших |
You should be a huge [hju |
успехов! |
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IV. COMPREHENSION CHECK
1.ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
1.If you want to start your own business, what should you start by?
2.What should you be able to work out?
3.What else should you work out?
4.What should you find out if someone else is already doing what you want to do?
5.Why should you invest in a good designer?
6.What should be a significant part of your bydget if you are offering a service?
7.Whom should you hire if you want to advertise your product or service on the Internet?
8.Why should you take a lot of care with decoration and lighting?
9.What is the most important thing in business?
2.SAY IF THE SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE. CORRECT
THE FALSE ONES
1.You should start your own business by having a party.
2.You should be able to work out how much money you will need to set up the business
3.You should also work out how much you will make in the first few days.
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4.If someone else is already doing what you want to do, you should give up the idea.
5.If you are going to sell a product, you should invest in a good shop assistant.
6.If you are offering a service, charity should be a significant part of your budget.
7.You should hire an experienced website designer, as advertising on the Internet is essential nowadays.
8.You should always take a lot of care with furniture and uniforms, so you and your employees enjoy working there.
9.The most important thing in business is that you believe in other people.
V. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERB SHOULD
(МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ SHOULD)
Модальный глагол SHOULD [ʃud] имеет одну временную форму и переводится как «должен», «следует» и др.).
В УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ SHOULD ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ:
1. желательность/нежелательность действия (совет):
You should eat more fish, it's good for health.
Тебе нужно (следует) есть больше рыбы, это полезно для здоровья.
She shouldn’t miss classes.
Ей не следует пропускать уроки.
ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ: Модальный глагол MUST выражает настоятельный совет, в то время как использование модального глагола SHOULD означает: «было бы хорошо».
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