SEMESTR_2_DLYa_PEChATI__ChAST_2

3.Tomorrow is Sunday. You ask if you must get up early. What does your mother say?

4.Your father asks if you need help with your project, but you've finished it. What do you say?

5.You haven't finished your homework, but you want to go out with your friends. What does your father say?

12. Rewrite the underlined phrases, using the verbs in the brackets.

Example: When you go for an interview it is important to make a good impression as soon as you walk into the room. (need to). – When you go for an interview you need to make a good impression as soon as you walk into the room.

1.Your clothes are important, but it is not necessary to wear bright, fashionable clothes. (need)

2.It is a good idea to give the impression of being reliable and sensible. (need to)

3.It is essential to choose clean, neat clothes, that you feel comfortable wearing. (must)

4.It is very important that your clothes give the message that you are confident and mature. (need to)

5.It is extremely important to make eye contact with the person interviewing you! (must)

6.It is important not to move about in your chair too much. Sit still, relax, and smile! (must)

7.When you speak it is necessary to speak loudly and clearly. (need to)

8.It is important not to talk too much! Just answer the questions honestly. (must)

9.Remember, it is not necessary to tell them your life story! (need)

10.It is important that you don't interrupt when they are speaking. (must)

11.It is necessary to listen very carefully to the questions. (need to)

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13. Translate the sentences into English.

А. 1. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 5. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 7. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 8. Должно быть, очень трудно решать такие задачи. 9. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга. 10. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 11. У них есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 12. Ты обязательно должен уехать завтра утром? 13. Вы не должны опаздывать. 14. Я должен признать, что я неправ. 15. Мой брат очень хорошо знает Европу. – Он, должно быть, много путешествует. 16. Где Ник? – Он, должно быть, в университете. 17. Вы обязательно должны придти к нам на ужин. 18. Я должен уходить на работу в 8 часов утра. 19. Посмотри, какой красивый плащ. Ты обязательно должна купить его. 20. Ты должен немедленно пойти домой. Тебя ждут родители. 21. Вы должны делать то, что я вам говорю. 22. Вы все должны обязательно прочитать эту книгу. 23. Я обязательно должен сделать это сейчас? 24. Я должна пойти сегодня в магазин. 25. Мы должны сделать уроки. 26. Здесь парковка запрещена. 27. Вы обязательно должны сходить к врачу.

B. 1. Работники должны носить чистую, опрятную одежду. 2. Им запрещается носить джинсы и кроссовки на работе. 3. В этом здании запрещено курение. 4. Мужчины должны быть чисто выбритыми. 5. Женщины не должны быть сильно накрашенными, но нет необходимости избегать использования косметики. 6. Работники должны быть вежливыми и обходительными с клиентами. 7. Но они не должны терпеть оскорбления. 8. Если возникают проблемы, они должны безотлагательно вызвать менеджера.

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UNIT 9

TRAINING TO BE A GEISHA

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I. LISTENING AND READING

Listen to the text

Read and translate the text

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TRAINING TO BE A GEISHA

The white face, the dark eyes and hair, the blood red lips – both the Japanese and foreigners are fascinated by these beautiful and mysterious women.

Makiko is training to be a geisha. Makiko’s parents wanted her to go to university, study medicine and become a doctor. But they had to accept their

daughter’s choice because they didn’t have to support her financially. Makiko’s grandfather paid for her training, he also had to buy the kimonos she needed.

It’s very expensive to become a geisha. You have to spend a lot on kimonos because you have to have a different kimono each month of the year, and today a kimono can cost three million yen, it’s about $25,000.

It’s a hard life for Makiko. She has to leave her family and move into a special boarding house called a “maiko house”. Here, she has to learn traditional Japanese arts such as playing instruments, the tea ceremony, flower arranging, singing and dancing, literature and poetry. She has to take a lot of difficult tests and exams. Only the best will pass all the tests and become geishas many years later.

We asked Makiko to describe exactly what she will have to do as a geisha.

“I will have to serve customers and also entertain them. I will have to sing and dance, and make conversation.”

Does she enjoy her life as a trainee geisha?

“I love it but it’s hard work. Sometimes I get tired of wearing the kimonos and I want to put on a pair of jeans and go to high school like a normal teenager.”

In Japan today there are fewer than a thousand geishas, but they play an important role in preserving Japanese culture and history.

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II.NOTES III. VOCABULARY

III. COMPREHENSION CHECK

1.ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:

1.What is Makiko training to be?

2.What does a geisha look like?

3.What did Makiko’s parents want her to become?

4.Why did they have to accept her choice?

5.Who paid for Makiko’s training?

6.What does Makiko’s grandfather have to buy for her?

7.How much can a kimono cost?

8.Why does Makiko have to leave her family?

9.What does Makiko have to learn to become a geisha?

10.What kind of trainees will become geishas in the future?

11.What exactly will Makiko have to do as a geisha?

12.What does Makiko think of her training?

13.How many geishas are there in Japan today? Why are they important?

2.SAY IF THE SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE. CORRECT

THE FALSE ONES

1.Makiko’s parents had to accept their daughter’s choice.

2.Makiko’s grandfather had to buy the jeans she needed.

3. A geisha has to have a different kimono for every day of the year.

4.A trainee geisha doesn’t have to leave her family.

5.A geisha has to learn martial arts.

6.To become a geisha you have to study for many years.

7.A geisha has to sing and dance for her customers.

8.A geisha can’t speak to her customers.

9.A trainee geisha can go to high school.

10. There are three million geishas in Japan today.

IV. IV. GRAMMAR: ОБОРОТ TO HAVE TO

Эквивалентом модального глагола must является оборот to have to, выражающий значение необходимости, вызванной обстоятельствами. Оборот to have to употребляется в основном в прошедшем и будущем времени, (т.к. модальный глагол must не имеет данных временных форм).

Вместе с тем оборот to have to может употребляться и в настоящем времени, имеет форму has to для 3-го лица ед.ч. и форму have to для остальных

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лиц и чисел и переводится как «вынужден, должен, приходится». Следует обратить внимание на то, что значение оборота to have to несколько отличается от значения модального глагола must. Must обычно выражает долженствование с точки зрения говорящего (внутренне осознанную необходимость), в то время как оборот to have to выражает необходимость выполнить действие в силу обстоятельств.

В прошедшем времени оборот to have to имеет форму had to и переводится как «должен был, пришлось».

It was late and he had to take a taxi.

Было поздно и ему пришлось взять такси.

В будущем времени оборот to have to имеет форму will have to и переводится как «должен буду, придется».

Tomorrow is Monday, so I will have to go to school again.

Завтра понедельник, поэтому мне снова придется идти в школу.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ И ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЙ ФОРМ

НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ВРЕМЯ

В настоящем времени вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола do (does).

ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНАЯ ФОРМА

ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ВРЕМЯ

В прошедшем времени вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола did.

ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНАЯ ФОРМА

БУДУЩЕЕ ВРЕМЯ

В будущем времени вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола will.

ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНАЯ ФОРМА

ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ:

Отрицательная форма оборота to have to употребляется для выражения отсутствия необходимости выполнять какое-либо действие. Вместо don’t/doesn’t have to может употребляться модальный глагол needn’t, при этом смысл предложения не меняется.

You needn’t/don’t have to go shopping today, we have plenty of food.

Тебе не надо (нет необходимости) идти в магазин сегодня, у нас полно еды.

EXERCISES

1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.

A.Example: My colleagues often have to stay late at work. -

My colleagues don’t often have to stay late at work. Do my colleagues often have to stay late at work?

1. My parents have to pay for my training.2. I have to stay at home today. 3. He often has to stay in town in summer. 4. My

sister has to wear uniform. 5. We have to go shopping. 6. Jade has to study to become a professional. 7. A waiter has to take orders and to serve customers.8. He has to work hard to catch up with the group. 9. I have to wash my hair.

B.Example: Jane had to stay at work late yesterday. - Jane didn’t have to stay at work late last night. Did Jane have to stay at work late last night?

1. My parents had to pay for my training. 2. I had to stay at home yesterday. 3. He had to stay in town last summer. 4. My sister had to wear uniform. 5. I had to leave the party early last night. 6. My boss had to study for many years to become a professional. 7. A waiter had to take orders and to serve customers. 8. He had to work hard to catch up with the group. 9. I had to wash my hair.

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