uchebnik_dlya_aspirantov
.pdf
am
b΄c
log sin cos tan, tg
ctn, cot
%
√
n
[ ]
( )
{ }
o
΄
˝
∟
b prime, sub c или b sub c, prime [.bi .praim s.b .si:], [.bi . s.b. si: .praim] logarithm [.log ri. m]
sine [sain] cosine [.kousain] tangent [.t.n nt]
cotangent [.kou.t.n nt] per cent [p .sent] square root (out) of [.skw. .ru:t (aut) v] cube root (out) of [.kju:b .ru:t (aut) v] n-th root (out) of [.en..ru:t (aut) v]
brackets, square brackets [.br.kits, skw. .br.kits] рl. parentheses, round brackets [p ren.isi:z, .raund br.kits] pl. braces [.breisiz] pl.
degree [di.gri:] minute [.minit] foot, feet [fut, fi:t]
1)second [.sek nd]
2)inch [int ] angle [..gl]
right angle [.rait ...gl] perpendicular [p : p n. dikjul ]
a (one) half a (one) sixth three fourths
[ou]; nought [n : t]; zero [.zi rou]
(nought) point five (nought) point two naughts
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“а” “м”
“б” целое штрих логарифм синус косинус тангенс котангенс процент
квадратный корень из
кубический корень из
корень n-й степени
квадратные скобки
круглые скобки фигурные скобки градус минута фут, футы секунда дюйм угол
правый угол перпендикуляр, перпендикулярный
four;
0 two oes [ouz] four; point zero zero four
0.5nought point twenty eight
0.04two point five (nought)
1)fifty-three point four six;
2)five three point four six ten thousand
0.28a to the power of zero
2.50a squared
53.46a cubed
1)the minus fifth power of
10,000 A0
A2
A3 10-5
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10-1
103 a=b
a
b a>b a<b a>>b a<<b a ≈ b
ab a+b
a-b a×b a÷b
ten;
2) ten to the minus fifth power
ten to the second (power), ten squared
ten to the minus first (power) ten to the third (power),
ten cubed
1)a equals b
2)a is equal to b a is not equal to b a is greater than b a is less than b
a is much greater than b a is much less than b
a is approximately equal to b a sub b, a subscript b
a plus b a minus b
a times b, a multiplied by b a divided by
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a over b
a times b over c times d
a in brackets
a in parentheses round brackets
[a]square brackets
per cent(a)
( ) |
fifty-two per cent |
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[ ] |
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% |
x squared divided by y cubed in parentheses to the mth |
52% |
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power |
square root of a third (cube) root of a
natural logarithm of x
ln x |
(common) logarithm of x |
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log x |
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log102 =0.30103 logarithm of two to the base ten is naught point three, |
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naught, one, naught three |
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Appendix 4. Numerical Expressions |
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US |
GB and other |
European countries
1 000 000 000 =109 |
a/ one billion |
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[ / w.n .bili n] |
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[ / w.n .bilj n]
1 000 000 000 000 = 1012
1 000 000 000 000 000 =1015
a/ one trillion [ / w.n .trili n] [ / w.n .trilj n]
a/ one quadrillion [ / w.n kw .drili n]
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a/ one thousand million(s)
[ / w.n ..auznd
.mili n(z)]
[ / w.n ..auz nd
.milj n(z)]
a/ one billion [ / w.n .bili n] [ / w.n .bilj n]
a/ one thousand billion(s)
1 000 000 000
000 000 000 = 1018
[ / w.n kw .drilj n]
a/ one quintillion
[ / w.n kwin.tili n] [ / w.n kwin.tilj n]
[ / w.n ..auznd
.bili n(z)]
[ / w.n ..auznd
.bilj n(z)]
a/ one trillion [ / w.n .trili n] [ / w.n .trilj n]
VULGAR FRACTIONS |
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DECIMAL FRACTIONS |
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0·125(nought) point one two |
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five |
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[(,n :t) p int . w.n tu: |
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an/ one eighth [ / w.n .eit.] |
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.faiv] |
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0·25 (nought) point two five |
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[(n :t) p int .tu: .faiv] |
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0·33 (,nought) point .three |
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.three |
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0·5 (,nought) point .five |
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0·75 (,nought) point. seven |
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.five |
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Notes. 1. In the spoken forms of vulgar fractions, the versions ‘and a alf/ quarter/ third’ are preferred to ‘and one half/ quarter/ third’ whether the measurement is approximate or precise. With more obviously precise fractions like 1/8, 1/16, ‘and one eighth/ sixteenth’ is normal. Complex fractions like 3/462, 20/83 are spoken as ‘three over foursix-two; twenty over eighty-three’, especially in mathematical expressions, e g ‘twentytwo over seven’ for 22/7.
2.When speaking ordinary numbers we can use ‘zero’, ‘nought’ or ‘oh’ [ u] for the number 0; ‘zero’ is the most common US usage and the most technical or precise form, ‘oh’ is the least technical or precise. In using decimals, to say ‘nought point five’ for 0·5 is a more precise usage than ‘point five’.
3.In most continental European countries a comma is used in place of
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the GB/US decimal point. Thus 6·014 is written 6, 014 in France. A space is used to separate off the thousands in numbers larger than 9999, e. g. 10 000 or 875 380. GB/US usage can also have a comma in this place, e. g. 7,500,000. This comma is replaced by a full point in continental
European countries, e. g. 7.500.000. Thus 23,500·75 (GB/US) will be written 23.500,75 in France.
Appendix 5. Measurements (Inantimate)
in |
inch(es) |
sq in |
square inch(es) |
cu in |
cubic inch(es) |
ft |
foot/ feet |
sq ft |
square foot/ feet |
cu ft |
cubic foot/ feet |
yd |
yard(s) |
sq yd |
square yard(s) |
cu yd |
cubic yard(s) |
— |
mile(s) |
— |
square mile(s) |
— |
— |
mm |
millimetre(s) |
mm2 |
square |
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millimetre(s) |
mm3 |
cubic millimeter(s) |
cm |
centimetre(s) |
cm2 |
square |
cm3 /cc |
cubic |
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centimetre(s) |
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centimetre(s) |
m |
metre(s) |
m2 |
square metre(s) |
m3 |
cubic metre(s) |
km |
kilometre(s) |
km2 |
square kilometre(s) |
— |
— |
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