Part 2. Moscow.

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS:

to be the capitol of a struggle ['strʌgl] for smth. the liberation [ˌlɪbə'reɪʃn] from the Tartar ['tɑːtə] yoke [jəuk] during ['djuərɪŋ] the reign [reɪn] of smb. to move smth. [muːv] to remain smth. to suffer ['sʌfə] from smth., smb. an invasion [ɪn'veɪʒ(ə)n] a Muscovite ['mʌskəvaɪt] to save from complete [kəm'pliːt] destruction [dɪ'strʌkʃn] the Kremlin St. Bazil’s Cathedral   [kə'θiːdrəl] a masterpiece ['mɑːstəpiːs] ancient ['eɪnʃənt] Russian architecture ['ɑːkɪtekʧə] the Archangel ['ɑːkeɪnʤəl]  Cathedral the Annunciation [əˌnʌnsɪ'eɪʃn] Cathedral the Church [ʧɜːʧ] of the Deposition [ˌdepə'zɪʃn] of the Robe [rəub] the Church of the Twelve Apostles [ə'pɔslz]  the Tsar-Cannon (Bell) [zɑː] the Belfry of Ivan the Great the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts the State Tretyakov Gallery the State Academic Bolshoi Theatre a higher ['haɪə] educational [ˌeju'keɪʃnəl] institution to be the seat of smth. the Russian Parliament (the Duma)

быть столицей борьба за что-либо освобождение от татарского ига во время правления кого-либо перенести что-либо остаться чем-либо страдать от чего-либо, кого-либо нашествие москвич спасти от полного уничтожения Кремль собор Василия Блаженного шедевр древнерусская архитектура Архангельский собор Благовещенский собор Ризоположенская церковь церковь Двенадцати Апостолов Царь-Пушка (Колокол) Колокольня Ивана Великого музей изящных искусств им. Пушкина Государственная Третьяковская галерея Государственный Академический Большой театр Высшее учебное заведение располагаться, размещаться Российский парламент (Дума)

Moscow.

Moscow is the capital of Russia, its political, economic, commercial and cultural centre. It was founded by Prince Yury Dolgoruky in 1147. In the 14^th century Moscow was the centre of the struggle of the Russian lands for the liberation from the Tartar yoke. In the 16^th century during the reign of Ivan the Terrible Moscow became the capital of the new united state. In 1712 Peter the Great moved the capital from Moscow to Saint-Petersburg but Moscow remained the heart of the country. In 1812 Moscow suffered greatly from Napoleon’s invasion. Only the heroism of the Muscovites saved the city and the Kremlin from complete destruction. In March 1918 Moscow became the capital of the country again.

Now Moscow is one of the largest cities in Europe. Its population is more than 9,000,000 and Moscow is the fourth largest city in the world.

The heart of the city is certainly the Kremlin with Red Square. The Kremlin and St. Bazil’s Cathedral are masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture. There are five main cathedrals, such as the Assumption Cathedral, the Archangel Cathedral, the Annunciation Cathedral, the Church of the Deposition of the Robe, the Church of the Twelve Apostles, and twenty towers in the Kremlin. Tourists are also attracted by the largest cannon and the largest bell in the world, the Tsar-Cannon and the Tsar-Bell, as well as the Belfry of Ivan the Great.

There are more than 80 museums in Moscow, the largest of them are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery. Moscow is also famous for its theatres and the best-known is the Bolshoi Theatre. There are over 80 higher educational institutions, the largest and most popular is Moscow State University. Moscow is also the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma).

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian: to be famous for theatres; the largest and most popular; to be founded by; the centre of the struggle of the Russian lands; the capital of the new united state; the heart of the country; the heroism of the Muscovites; complete destruction; the fourth largest city in the world; masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture; the largest bell in the world; the seat of the Russian Parliament.

Exercise 2. Translate into English:колокольня Ивана Великого; быть столицей страны; спасти от полного уничтожения; освобождение от татарского ига; во время правления Ивана Грозного; политический, экономический, торговый и культурный центр; высшие учебные заведения; переместить столицу из Москвы в Санкт-Петербург; население города; страдать от нашествия Наполеона; пять главных соборов.

Exercise 3. Make up the questions covering the content of one of the texts for your fellow-students to answer them.

Exercise 4. Fill in the articles if necessary:

1. … Moscow is … capital of … Russian Federation.

2. There are more than 80 museums in … Moscow, … largest of them are … Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and … State Tretyakov Gallery.

3. In … 14^th century … Moscow was … centre of … struggle of … Russian lands for … liberation from … Tartar yoke.

4. … population of … Moscow is more than 9,000,000 and it is … fourth largest city in … world.

5. … tourists are attracted by … Belfry of … Ivan … Great.

Exercise 5. Put the words in the following sentences in order.

1. all, of, parts, our, country, in, there, many, rivers, are.

2. has, stripes, three, the, horizontal, Russian, flag.

3. Red, Moscow, the, Square, of, is, heart.

4. the, all, the, world, Kremlin, is, well-known, Moscow, over.