!Корпоративное право 2023-2024 / Sukhanov_E_a_Sravnitelnoe_Korporativnoe_Pravo_2014
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ɑɵɴɽɬɶɽɯʆ ɷɧɮɩɯɹɯʆ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɵ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɲɯɽɧɼ ɖɷɵɬɱɹ
ɔɵɷɳʂ ɵ jɱɵɳɶɧɴɯʆɼ ɵɫɴɵɪɵ ɲɯɽɧy ɶ ɸɹ ɯ ɶ ɸɹ Ɋɑ ɧ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɸɵɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɺʅʀɯɬ ɶɷɧɩɯɲɧ ɻɬɫɬɷɧɲʃɴʂɼ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɩ ɵɨ ɧɱɽɯɵ ɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧɼ ɯ ɵɨ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧɼ ɸ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɴɵɰ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃʅ ɴɬɵɨɼɵɫɯɳɵ ɫɵɶɵɲɴɯɹʃ ɶɷɧɩɯɲɧɳɯ ɵ ɸɺɨɸɯɫɯɧɷɴɵɰ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹɯ ɺɾɷɬɫɯɹɬɲɬɰ ɯ ɯɲɯ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ jɱɵɳɶɧɴɯɰ ɵɫɴɵɪɵ ɲɯɽɧy ɶɵ ɫɵɲɪɧɳ ɸɫɬɲɱɧɳ ɹɧɱɯɼ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɲɯɽ ɶɷɯ ɴɬɫɵɸɹɧɹɵɾɴɵɸɹɯ ɺ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɴɯɼ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɬɸɲɯ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɬ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɵ ɸɵɩɬɷɿɧɲɵ ɹɧɱɯɬ ɸɫɬɲɱɯ ɸɫɬɲɱɺ ɩɵ ɯɸɶɵɲɴɬɴɯɬ ɩɵɲɯ ɺɱɧɮɧɴɯɰ ɸɩɵɬɪɵ ɬɫɯɴɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɺɾ ɷɬɫɯɹɬɲʆ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧ
ɖɵ ɸɺɹɯ ʄɹɵ ɨɺɫɬɹ ɵɮɴɧɾɧɹʃ ɫɲʆ ɫɧɴɴʂɼ ɸɯɹɺɧɽɯɰ jɸɴʆɹɯɬ ɱɵɷɶɵ ɷɧɹɯɩɴɵɰ ɳɧɸɱɯy ɯ ɷɧɸɶɷɵɸɹɷɧɴɬɴɯɬ ɴɧ ɹɧɱɯɬ ɵɹɴɵɿɬɴɯʆ ɴɵɷɳ ɵɨ ɵɹ ɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹɯ ɵɸɴɵɩɴʂɼ jɳɧɹɬɷɯɴɸɱɯɼy ɱɵɳɶɧɴɯɰ ɶɵ ɫɵɲɪɧɳ ɫɵɾɬɷ ɴɯɼ ɸɹ Ɋɑ
ɉ Ɋɑ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɮɧɱɷɬɶɯɹʃ ɨɵɲɬɬ ɾɬɹɱɺʅ ɸɹɷɺɱɹɺɷɺ ɵɷɪɧɴɵɩ ɧɱɽɯɵ ɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɸ ʆɸɴʂɳ ɷɧɮɫɬɲɬɴɯɬɳ ɻɺɴɱɽɯɰ ɺɶɷɧɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɯ ɱɵɴɹɷɵɲʆ ɉ ʄɹɯɼ ɽɬɲʆɼ ɴɬɵɨɼɵɫɯɳɵ ɵɹɱɧɮɧɹʃɸʆ ɵɹ ɹɬɷɳɯɴɵɲɵɪɯɾɬɸɱɵɰ ɶɺɹɧ ɴɯɽʂ ɩ ɴɧɮɩɧɴɯɯ ɱɵɴɹɷɵɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɵɷɪɧɴɧ ɕɴ ɫɵɲɭɬɴ ɯɳɬɴɵɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɴɧ ɨɲʅɫɧɹɬɲʃɴʂɳ ɸɵɩɬɹɵɳ ɧ ɴɬ jɸɵɩɬɹɵɳ ɫɯɷɬɱɹɵɷɵɩ ɴɧɨɲʅɫɧɹɬɲʃɴʂɳ ɸɵɩɬɹɵɳ y əɬɷɳɯɴ jɸɵɩɬɹ ɫɯɷɬɱɹɵɷɵɩy board of directors ɨɵɲɬɬ ɸɩɵɰ ɸɹɩɬɴ ɧɴɪɲɯɰɸɱɵɳɺ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɹɯɩɴɵɳɺ ɶɷɧɩɺ ɯ ɮɧɱɵɴɧɳ ɵ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɽɯʆɼ ɵɹɫɬɲʃɴʂɼ ɧɳɬɷɯɱɧɴɸɱɯɼ ɿɹɧɹɵɩ ɪɫɬ ɯɳ ɵɨɵɮɴɧɾɧɬɹɸʆ ɵɸɴɵɩɴɵɰ ɵɷ ɪɧɴ ɺɶɷɧɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɱɵɳɶɧɴɯɬɰ ɸɵɩɳɬʀɧʅʀɯɰ ɩ ɸɬɨɬ ɻɺɴɱɽɯɯ ɺɶɷɧɩɲɬ ɴɯʆ ɯ ɱɵɴɹɷɵɲʆ ɹɵɪɫɧ ɱɧɱ ɴɧɨɲʅɫɧɹɬɲʃɴʂɰ ɸɵɩɬɹ ɱɧɱ ɱɵɴɹɷɵɲʃɴʂɰ ɵɷɪɧɴ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɵɩ ɸɩɵɰɸɹɩɬɴ ɨɵɲɬɬ ɨɲɯɮɱɵɰ ɱ ɷɵɸɸɯɰɸɱɵɰ ɪɬɷɳɧɴɸɱɵɰ
ɸɯɸɹɬɳɬ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɹɯɩɴɵɪɵ ɺɶɷɧɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɋɲʆ ɷɧɮɫɬɲɬɴɯʆ ɫɧɴɴʂɼ ɻɺɴɱɽɯɰ ɴɬɵɨɼɵɫɯɳɵ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɯɹʃ
ɩ Ɋɑ ɯ ɩ ɮɧɱɵɴɬ ɵ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧɼ ɮɧɶɷɬɹ ɸɵɩɳɬʀɬɴɯʆ ɫɵɲɭ ɴɵɸɹɬɰ ɩ ɴɧɨɲʅɫɧɹɬɲʃɴɵɳ ɸɵɩɬɹɬ ɯ ɶɷɧɩɲɬɴɯɯ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬ ɸɹɩɧ ɖɷɬɫɲɵɭɬɴɴʂɬ ɴɵɩɬɲɲʂ ɳɵɭɴɵ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɷɧɸɶɷɵɸɹɷɧɴɯɹʃ ɯ ɴɧ ɵɨ ʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɸ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɴɵɰ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃʅ ɩ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɼ ɸɵɮɫɧɬɹɸʆ ɴɧ ɨɲʅɫɧɹɬɲʃɴʂɰ ɸɵɩɬɹ
ɝɬɲɬɸɵɵɨɷɧɮɴɵ ɺɶɷɧɮɫɴɯɹʃ ɵɨʆɮɧɹɬɲʃɴɵɬ ɻɵɷɳɯɷɵɩɧɴɯɬ ɩ ɧɱ ɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧɼ ɷɬɩɯɮɯɵɴɴɵɰ ɱɵɳɯɸɸɯɯ ɯɮɨɷɧɴɯɬ ɷɬɩɯɮɵɷɧ ɶɵɫɶ ɶ ɸɹ Ɋɑ ɸɹ ɛɬɫɬɷɧɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɮɧɱɵɴɧ jɕɨ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧɼy ɕɨɷɧɮɵɩɧɴɯɬ ɺɱɧɮɧɴɴɵɪɵ ɵɷɪɧɴɧ ɫɵɲɭɴɵ ɶɷɵɯɸɼɵɫɯɹʃ ɲɯɿʃ ɹɵɪɫɧ ɱɵɪɫɧ ʄɹɵ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴɵ ɺɸɹɧɩɵɳ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬ ɸɹɩɧ ɉ ɹɵ ɭɬ ɩɷɬɳʆ ɫɲʆ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɴɬɵɨɼɵɫɯɳɵ ɸɵɼɷɧɴɯɹʃ ɵɨʆɮɧɹɬɲʃɴʂɰ ɩɴɬɿɴɯɰ ɻɯɴɧɴɸɵɩʂɰ ɱɵɴɹɷɵɲʃ ɧɺɫɯɹ
ɖɷɯɲɵɭɬɴɯɬ
ɔɧ jɩɴɺɹɷɬɴɴɯɬy ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɹɯɩɴʂɬ ɵɹɴɵɿɬɴɯʆ ɸɱɲɧɫʂɩɧʅ ʀɯɬɸʆ ɳɬɭɫɺ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɳɯ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧɳɯ ɲɯɽɧɳɯ ɩɼɵɫʆʀɯɳɯ ɩ ɸɵ ɸɹɧɩ ɯɸɶɵɲɴɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɵɩ ɯ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧɳɯ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɽɬɲɬɸɵɵɨɷɧɮɴɵ ɷɧɸɶɷɵɸɹɷɧɴɯɹʃ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɯʆ ɶɷɧɩɯɲ ɵɨ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹɯ ɵɸɴɵɩɴʂɼ ɳɧ ɹɬɷɯɴɸɱɯɼ ɱɵɳɶɧɴɯɰ ɶɵ ɫɵɲɪɧɳ ɫɵɾɬɷɴɯɼ ɮɧɱɷɬɶɯɩ ɴɬɵɨɼɵɫɯɳʂɬ ɫɵɶɵɲɴɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɬ ɶɷɧɩɯɲɧ ɩ ɸɹ Ɋɑ ɉ ɷɵɲɯ ɳɧɹɬɷɯɴɸɱɯɼ ɱɵɳɶɧ ɴɯɰ ɩ ɹɧɱɯɼ ɸɯɹɺɧɽɯʆɼ ɨɺɫɺɹ ɩʂɸɹɺɶɧɹʃ ɲɯɽɧ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɯɩɿɯɬ ɩɵɲʅ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɴɧ ɸɵɩɬɷɿɬɴɯɬ ɸɵɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɺʅʀɬɰ ɸɫɬɲɱɯ ɲɯɽɧ ɩɼɵɫʆʀɯɬ ɩ ɸɵɸɹɧɩ ɯɸɶɵɲɴɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɵɩ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷ ɯɲɯ ɯɴɵɰ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱ ɸ ɮɧ ɩɬɫɵɳɵ ɱɵɴɹɷɵɲʃɴʂɳ ɶɧɱɬɹɵɳ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɫɵɲɬɰ ɯ ɹ ɶ
§ 2. Законодательство об уставном капитале хозяйственных обществ
1. Состояние и оценка действующего законодательства
ɗɵɸɸɯɰɸɱɵɬ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɵ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɬɩɷɵɶɬɰɸɱɵɰ ɶɷɧɩɵɩɵɰ ɹɷɧɫɯɽɯɯ ɸɵɪɲɧɸɴɵ ɱɵɹɵɷɵɰ ɴɧɲɯɾɯɬ jɹɩɬɷɫɵɪɵy ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɩ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɳ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɬ ʆɩɲʆɬɹɸʆ ɵɨʆɮɧɹɬɲʃɴʂɳ ɉ ɴɧɸɹɵʆʀɬɬ ɩɷɬɳʆ ɴɬɹ ɫɵɸɹɧɹɵɾɴʂɼ ɵɸɴɵɩɧɴɯɰ ɵɹɱɧɮʂɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɵɹ ʄɹɵɰ ɶɷɧɩɵɩɵɰ ɱɧɹɬɪɵɷɯɯ ɴɵ ɶɷɯ ɬɬ ɸɵɼɷɧɴɬɴɯɯ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɵɨɬɸɶɬɾɯɹʃ ɩʂɶɵɲɴɬɴɯɬ ɬʅ ɹɬɼ ɻɺɴɱ ɽɯɰ ɫɲʆ ɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɼ ɵɴɧ ɸɵɮɫɧɴɧ ɵɨɬɸɶɬɾɬɴɯɬ ɸɹɧɷɹɵɩɵ ɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɫɲʆ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɯ ɪɧɷɧɴɹɯɯ ɶɷɧɩ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɵɷɵɩ
ɘɵɩɷɬɳɬɴɴɵɬ ɶɷɧɩɵɩɵɬ ɷɬɪɺɲɯɷɵɩɧɴɯɬ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ʄɹɵɰ ɮɧɫɧɾɯ ɴɬ ɷɬɿɧɬɹ əɧɱ ɳɯɴɯɳɧɲʃɴʂɰ ɷɧɮɳɬɷ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɸɵ ɸɹɧɩɲʆɬɹ ɳɯɴɯɳɧɲʃɴʂɼ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɵɩ ɵɶɲɧɹʂ ɹɷɺɫɧ ɹʂɸ ɷɺɨ ɫɲʆ ɵɹɱɷʂɹɵɪɵ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɯ ɳɯɴɯɳɧɲʃɴʂɼ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɵɩ ɵɶɲɧ ɹʂ ɹɷɺɫɧ ɹʂɸ ɷɺɨ ɫɲʆ ɮɧɱɷʂɹɵɪɵ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɯ ɵɨʀɬ ɸɹɩɧ ɸ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɴɵɰ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃʅ ɾɹɵ ɴɬɫɵɸɹɧɹɵɾɴɵ ɫɲʆ ɵɨɬɸ ɶɬɾɬɴɯʆ ɹɧɱɵɰ ɻɺɴɱɽɯɯ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɱɧɱ ɮɧʀɯɹɧ ɶɷɧɩ ɱɷɬɫɯ ɹɵɷɵɩ ɉ ɮɧɷɺɨɬɭɴʂɼ ɶɷɧɩɵɶɵɷʆɫɱɧɼ ɯ ɩ ɴɵɷɳɧɹɯɩɴʂɼ ɫɵɱɺɳɬɴɹɧɼ Ɍɘ ɩ ɾɧɸɹɴɵɸɹɯ ɩɵ ɉɹɵɷɵɰ ɫɯɷɬɱɹɯɩɬ ɪ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴʂ ɮɴɧɾɯɹɬɲʃɴɵ
ɨɵɲɬɬ ɩʂɸɵɱɯɬ ɷɧɮɳɬɷʂ ɳɯɴɯɳɧɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧɖɷɯɳɬɴɯɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɱ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɴʂɳ ɯ ɸɹɷɧɼɵɩʂɳ ɵɷɪɧɴɯɮɧɽɯʆɳ ɩ ɴɧ
ɸɹɵʆʀɬɬ ɩɷɬɳʆ ɻɬɫɬɷɧɲʃɴʂɳɯ ɮɧɱɵɴɧɳɯ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲʆʅʀɯɳɯ ɸɶɬɽɯɻɯɱɺ ɯɼ ɪɷɧɭɫɧɴɸɱɵ ɶɷɧɩɵɩɵɪɵ ɸɹɧɹɺɸɧ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴ ɨɵɲɬɬ ɩʂɸɵɱɯɰ ɷɧɮɳɬɷ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɉ ɹɵ ɭɬ ɩɷɬɳʆ ɫɲʆ ɶɷɵɻɬɸɸɯɵɴɧɲʃɴʂɼ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɷʂɴɱɧ ɽɬɴɴʂɼ ɨɺɳɧɪ ɺɶɷɧɩɲʆʅʀɯɼ ɱɵɳɶɧɴɯɰ ɯɴɩɬɸɹɯɽɯɵɴɴʂɼ ɻɵɴ ɫɵɩ ɶɧɬɩʂɼ ɯɴɩɬɸɹɯɽɯɵɴɴʂɼ ɻɵɴɫɵɩ ɯ ɴɬɪɵɸɺɫɧɷɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɶɬɴɸɯɵɴ
ɑɵɴɽɬɶɽɯʆ ɷɧɮɩɯɹɯʆ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɵ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɲɯɽɧɼ ɖɷɵɬɱɹ
ɴʂɼ ɻɵɴɫɵɩ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɺʅɹ ɵɨʀɯɬ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɱ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɺ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧ ɲɧ ɯ ɸɶɬɽɯɧɲʃɴʂɬ ӎ ɱ ɴɵɷɳɧɹɯɩɺ ɫɵɸɹɧɹɵɾɴɵɸɹɯ ɸɵɨɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɸɷɬɫɸɹɩ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴʂ ɶɷɯɱɧɮɵɳ ɛɘɛɗ ɴɧ ɵɸɴɵɩɧɴɯɯ ɛɬɫɬɷɧɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɮɧɱɵɴɧ jɕ ɷʂɴɱɬ ɽɬɴɴʂɼ ɨɺɳɧɪy
əɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɱ ɸɵɸɹɧɩɺ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɯ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɺ ɬɪɵ ɩɴɬ ɸɬɴɯʆ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɴɬ ɸɶɵɸɵɨɸɹɩɺʅɹ ɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲɬɴɯʅ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɳ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɵɳ ɬɪɵ ɻɺɴɱɽɯɰ ɘɺʀɬɸɹɩɺʅʀɬɬ ɶɵɲɵɭɬɴɯɬ ɹɧɱɵɩɵ ɾɹɵ ɩ ɱɧɾɬɸɹɩɬ ɩɱɲɧ ɫɵɩ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɰ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲ ɳɵɪɺɹ ɩɴɵɸɯɹʃɸʆ ɶɵɳɯɳɵ ɫɬɴɬɪ ɽɬɴɴʂɬ ɨɺɳɧ ɪɯ ɫɷɺɪɯɬ ɩɬʀɯ ɯ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɬ ɶɷɧɩɧ ɧ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɯɴʂɬ ɶɷɧɩɧ ɯɳɬʅ ʀɯɬ ɫɬɴɬɭɴɺʅ ɵɽɬɴɱɺ ɤɹɵ ɩɬɸʃɳɧ ɿɯɷɵɱɵɬ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴɯɬ ɴɺɭɫɧɬɹɸʆ ɩ ɱɵɴɱɷɬɹɯɮɧɽɯɯ ɯ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɯɯ ɔɬɱɵɹɵɷʂɬ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɯʆ ɸɻɵɷɳɺɲɯ ɷɵɩɧɴʂ ɹɵɲʃɱɵ ɩ ɸɶɬɽɯɧɲʃɴʂɼ ɮɧɱɵɴɧɼ ɶɷɯɳɬɴɯɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɱ ɹɧɱɯɳ ɸɻɬ ɷɧɳ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɱɧɱ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɴɧʆ ɯ ɸɹɷɧɼɵɩɧʆ
ɉ ɷʆɫɬ ɮɧɷɺɨɬɭɴʂɼ ɸɹɷɧɴ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴɧ ɵɶɲɧɹɧ ɩ ɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɰ ɻɵɷɳɬ ɴɬ ɳɬɴɬɬ ɾɬɳ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴɴɵɰ ɶɷɯɾɬɳ ɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɰ ɫɵɲɯ ɺɸɹɧɩ ɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɧ ӎ ɉ ɷɵɸɸɯɰɸɱɵɳ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧ ɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɬ ɶɵɫɵɨɴʂɬ ɶɷɧɩɯɲɧ ɩ ɵɨʀɬɰ ɻɵɷɳɬ ɵɹɸɺɹɸɹɩɺʅɹ
əɧɱɯɳ ɵɨɷɧɮɵɳ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɺʅʀɬɬ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɵ ɨɵɲɬɬ ɯɲɯ ɳɬ ɴɬɬ ʄɻɻɬɱɹɯɩɴɵ ɷɬɪɺɲɯɷɺɬɹ ɩɵɶɷɵɸʂ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɹɵɲʃɱɵ ɶɷɯ ɳɬɴɯɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɱ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɴʂɼ ɯ ɸɹɷɧɼɵɩʂɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɯɮɧɽɯɰ ɯ ɴɬ ɫɵɸɹɧɹɵɾɴɵ ʄɻɻɬɱɹɯɩɴɵ ӎ ɩ ɽɬɲɵɳ ɫɲʆ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɔɬ ɵɨɼɵɫɯɳ ɶɬɷɬɸɳɵɹɷ ɩ ɶɬɷɩɺʅ ɵɾɬɷɬɫʃ ɶɷɧɩɯɲ ɵɨ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɳ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɬ ɸɵɫɬɷɭɧʀɯɼɸʆ ɩ Ɋɑ ɗɛ ɯ ɩ ɮɧɱɵɴɧɼ ɶɵɸɩʆʀɬɴɴʂɼ ɵɹɫɬɲʃɴʂɳ ɩɯɫɧɳ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ
ɋɲʆ ɸɵɼɷɧɴɬɴɯʆ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɶɷɬɫɴɧ ɮɴɧɾɬɴʂ ɱɵɴɸɹɷɺɱɽɯɯ ɱɷɺɶɴʂɼ ɸɫɬɲɵɱ ɯ ɸɫɬɲɵɱ ɸ ɮɧɯɴɹɬɷɬɸɵɩɧɴɴɵ ɸɹʃʅ ɪɷɧɭɫɧɴɸɱɵ ɶɷɧɩɵɩɵɰ ɷɬɭɯɳ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɼ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɱɧɷɫɯɴɧɲʃɴɵ ɶɬ ɷɬɸɳɵɹɷɬɹʃ
ɓɴɵɪɵɲɬɹɴʆʆ ɷɬɧɲʃɴɧʆ ɶɷɧɱɹɯɱɧ ɶɷɯɳɬɴɬɴɯʆ ɴɵɷɳ ɵ ɫɧɴɴʂɼ ɸɫɬɲ ɱɧɼ ɶɷɬɭɫɬ ɩɸɬɪɵ ɸɵɫɬɷɭɧʀɯɼɸʆ ɩ ɛɬɫɬɷɧɲʃɴɵɳ ɮɧɱɵɴɬ jɕɨ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷ ɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧɼy ɶɵɱɧɮɧɲɧ ɾɹɵ ɩ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɯɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɵɴɯ ɸɶɵɸɵɨɸɹɩɺʅɹ
ɴɬ ɮɧʀɯɹɬ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɯɴɹɬɷɬɸɵɩ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɯ ɯɼ ɳɯ ɴɵɷɯɹɧɷɯɬɩ ɧ ɿɯɷɵɱɵ ɯɸɶɵɲʃɮɺʅɹɸʆ ɫɲʆ ɵɹɱɧɮɧ ɵɹ ɸɵɩɬɷɿɬɴɴʂɼ ɯ ɫɧɭɬ ɶɵɲɴɵɸɹʃʅ ɯɲɯ ɾɧɸɹɯɾɴɵ ɯɸɶɵɲɴɬɴɴʂɼ ɸɫɬɲɵɱ ɤɹɵ ɶɵɫɷʂɩɧɬɹ ɯɳɺʀɬ ɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɰ ɵɨɵɷɵɹ ɯ ɴɧɼɵɫɯɹɸʆ ɩ ɷɬɮɱɵɳ ɶɷɵɹɯɩɵɷɬɾɯɯ ɸ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴ ɴʂɳɯ ɯɴɹɬɷɬɸɧɳɯ ɱɵɴɹɷɧɪɬɴɹɵɩ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɵɷɵɩ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɔɧ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɴɯɼ ɶɷɯ ʄɹɵɳ ɻɧɱɹɯɾɬɸɱɯ ɶɬɷɬɱɲɧɫʂɩɧɬɹɸʆ ɨɷɬɳʆ ɷɯɸɱ ɴɬ ɸɬɴɯʆ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɸɹɩɯɰ ɴɬɫɵɨɷɵɸɵɩɬɸɹɴʂɼ ɯɲɯ ɴɬɮɧɱɵɴɴʂɼ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɯɰ ɩʂɨɵɷ
ɖɷɯɲɵɭɬɴɯɬ
ɴʂɼ ɯɸɶɵɲɴɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɵɩ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɾɹɵ ɶɷɬɫɸɹɧɩ ɲʆɬɹɸʆ ʆɩɴɵ ɴɬɵɨɵɸɴɵɩɧɴɴʂɳ
2. Предложения по совершенствованию действующего
законодательства
ɑɧɹɬɪɵɷɯʆ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɫɵɲɭɴɧ ɨʂɹʃ ɸɵɼɷɧɴɬɴɧ ɧ ɬɬ ʄɻ ɻɬɱɹɯɩɴɵɸɹʃ ӎ ɶɵɩʂɿɬɴɧ ɋɲʆ ʄɹɵɪɵ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɸɫɬɲɧɹʃ ɱɧɾɬɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɰ ɸɱɧɾɵɱ ɩ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɬ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɯɩ ɩ ɵɸɵɨɬɴɴɵɸɹɯ ɫɲʆ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɯɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɩʂɸɵɱɯɰ ɺɷɵɩɬɴʃ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧ ɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɗɬɧɲɯɮɧɽɯʆ ɫɧɴɴɵɪɵ ɶɵɲɵɭɬɴɯʆ ɴɬ ɸɵɮɫɧɸɹ ɯɸɱɺɸɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɶɷɬ ɶʆɹɸɹɩɯɰ ɷɧɮɩɯɹɯʅ ɳɧɲɵɪɵ ɶɷɬɫɶɷɯɴɯɳɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɯɨɵ ɵɴɵ ɳɵɭɬɹ ɵɸɺ ʀɬɸɹɩɲʆɹʃɸʆ ɴɬ ɹɵɲʃɱɵ ɸ ɯɸɶɵɲʃɮɵɩɧɴɯɬɳ ɱɵɴɸɹɷɺɱɽɯɯ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɴɵ ɯ ɩ ɻɵɷɳɬ ɯɴɫɯɩɯɫɺɧɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɶɷɬɫɶɷɯɴɯɳɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɫɵ ɪɵɩɵɷɵɩ ɶɷɵɸɹɵɪɵ ɹɵɩɧɷɯʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɵ ɸɵɩɳɬɸɹɴɵɰ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɧ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɩ ɴɬɮɧɸɲɺɭɬɴɴɵ ɮɧɨʂɹɵɰ ɸɵɩɷɬɳɬɴɴʂɳ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɵɳ ɻɵɷɳɬ ɶɷɵ ɯɮɩɵɫɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɱɵɵɶɬɷɧɹɯɩɧ
ɖɷɬɫɲɧɪɧɬɹɸʆ ɸ ɺɾɬɹɵɳ ɵɶʂɹɧ ɬɩɷɵɶɬɰɸɱɯɼ ɶɷɧɩɵɶɵɷʆɫɱɵɩ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩ ɲɬɴɯɬ ɳɯɴɯɳɧɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɧ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɫɲʆ ɕɕɕ ɩ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɬɳɲɴ ɷɺɨ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɧ ɹʂɸ ɬɩɷɵ ɧ ɫɲʆ ɇɕ ӎ ɩ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɬ ɴɬ ɳɬɴɬɬ ɳɲɴ ɷɺɨ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɧ ɹʂɸ ɬɩɷɵ əɧɱɵɬ ɶɵɩʂɿɬɴɯɬ ɴɬ ɫɵɲɭɴɵ ɸɹɧɹʃ ɶɷɬɶʆɹ ɸɹɩɯɬɳ ɫɲʆ ɸɵɼɷɧɴɬɴɯʆ ɨɵɲɬɬ ɩʂɸɵɱɯɼ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯɰ ɱ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɺ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɲɯɽ ɮɧɴɯɳɧʅʀɯɼɸʆ ɹɧɱɯɳɯ ɩɯɫɧɳɯ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃ ɴɵɸɹɯ ɱɧɱ ɨɧɴɱɵɩɸɱɧʆ ɸɹɷɧɼɵɩɧʆ ɩɵɮɳɵɭɴɵ ɯɼ ɶɷɯɳɬɴɬɴɯɬ ɯ ɱ ɫɷɺ ɪɯɳ ɩɯɫɧɳ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɺɸɹɧɴɧɩɲɯɩɧɬɳʂɼ ɸɶɬɽɯɧɲʃɴʂɳ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɳ
ɑɷɵɳɬ ɹɵɪɵ ɶɷɯ ɸɵɩɬɷɿɬɴɸɹɩɵɩɧɴɯɯ ɴɵɷɳ ɛɬɫɬɷɧɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɮɧɱɵɴɧ jɕɨ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧɼy ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɷɧɸɸɳɵɹɷɬɹʃ ɩɵɶɷɵɸ ɵɨ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴɯɯ ɶɵɩʂɿɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɧ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɫɲʆ ɹɬɼ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɬ ɶɷɯɨɬɪɧʅɹ ɱ ɵɹɱɷʂɹɵɰ ɶɺɨɲɯɾɴɵɰ ɶɵɫɶɯɸɱɬ ɴɧ ɧɱɽɯɯ
ɋɲʆ ɺɭɬ ɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɺʅʀɯɼ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɴɬɵɨɼɵɫɯɳɵ ɶɷɬɫ ɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɹʃ ɮɴɧɾɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɰ ɶɬɷɯɵɫ ɩɷɬɳɬɴɯ ӎ ɪɵɫɧ ɫɲʆ ɶɷɯɩɬɫɬɴɯʆ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɧ ɯɼ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɩ ɸɵɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɯɬ ɸ ɴɵɩʂɳɯ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ
ɳɯ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɏɸɾɯɸɲɬɴɯɬ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɧ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲʆɹʃ ɩ ɷɺɨ
ɲʆɼ ɧ ɴɬ ɩ ɳɯɴɯɳɧɲʃɴʂɼ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɧɼ ɵɶɲɧɹʂ ɹɷɺɫɧ ɯɲɯ ɩ ʄɱɩɯɩɧɲɬɴɹɬ ɯɴɵɸɹɷɧɴɴɵɰ ɩɧɲʅɹʂ ɱɧɱ ʄɹɵ ɶɷɯɴʆɹɵ ɩ ɨɵɲʃɿɯɴɸɹɩɬ ɸɲɺɾɧɬɩ ɩ ɴɧ ɸɹɵʆʀɬɬ ɩɷɬɳʆ
ɖɷɯ ɸɵɼɷɧɴɬɴɯɯ ɸɶɬɽɯɧɲʃɴʂɼ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯɰ ɱ ɸɵɸɹɧɩɺ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɴʂɼ ɯ ɨɧɴɱɵɩɸɱɯɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɯɮɧɽɯɰ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴɴʂɼ ɻɬ
ɑɵɴɽɬɶɽɯʆ ɷɧɮɩɯɹɯʆ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɵ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɲɯɽɧɼ ɖɷɵɬɱɹ
ɫɬɷɧɲʃɴʂɳɯ ɮɧɱɵɴɧɳɯ ɸɲɬɫɵɩɧɲɵ ɨʂ ɸɻɵɷɳɺɲɯɷɵɩɧɹʃ ɵɨʀɯɬ ɵɪɷɧɴɯ ɾɬɴɯʆ ɴɧ ɩɴɬɸɬɴɯɬ ɩɱɲɧɫɵɩ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɰ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲ ɩ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɰ ɻɵɷɳɬ
ɯɵɨʀɯɬ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɱ ɩɱɲɧɫɧɳ ɩɴɵɸɯɳʂɳ ɩ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɰ ɻɵɷɳɬ ɸɼɵɫ ɴʂɬ ɸ ɹɬɳɯ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɬ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴʂ ɩ ɫɯɷɬɱɹɯɩɧɼ Ɍɘ ɯ ɩ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧ ɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɬ ɮɧɷɺɨɬɭɴʂɼ ɸɹɷɧɴ
ɉɶɬɷɩɺʅ ɵɾɬɷɬɫʃ ɴɬɵɨɼɵɫɯɳɵ ɵɨɬɸɶɬɾɯɹʃ ɾɹɵɨʂ ɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴɴɧʆ ɾɧɸɹʃ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɨʂɲɧ ɵɶɲɧɾɬɴɧ ɩ ɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɰ ɻɵɷɳɬ ɔɬ ɹɷɬ ɨɺʆ ɻɵɷɳɯɷɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɯɸɱɲʅɾɯɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɳɯ ɸɷɬɫɸɹɩɧɳɯ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɯɹʃ ɾɹɵ ɶɷɯ ɺɾɷɬɭɫɬɴɯɯ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵ ɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɩɬɸʃ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɰ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲ ɫɵɲɭɬɴ ɵɶɲɧɾɯɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɩ ɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɰ ɻɵɷɳɬ ɧ ɶɷɯ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɺʅʀɬɳ ɺɩɬɲɯɾɬɴɯɯ ɬɪɵ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɧ ɫɵɶɺɸɱɧɬɹɸʆ ɩɴɬ ɸɬɴɯɬ ɯ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɼ ɩɱɲɧɫɵɩ
ɖɷɯ ʄɹɵɳ ɩɵɶɷɵɸ ɵ ɸɵɼɷɧɴɬɴɯɯ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɺʅʀɬɪɵ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɧ ɩɴɬɸɬɴɯʆ ɩɱɲɧɫɵɩ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɰ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɴʂɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɯɮɧɽɯɰ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɰ ɫɵɶɺ ɸɱɧɬɹ ɩɴɬɸɬɴɯɬ ɴɬ ɹɵɲʃɱɵ ɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɼ ɸɷɬɫɸɹɩ ɴɵ ɯ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴɴʂɼ ɮɧɱɵ ɴɵɳ ɩɯɫɵɩ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɫɵɲɭɬɴ ɨʂɹʃ ɵɨɸɺɭɫɬɴ ɫɵɶɵɲɴɯɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɹɧɱ ɱɧɱ ʄɹɵ ɶɵɹɷɬɨɺɬɹ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɯɮʁʆɹɯɰ ɯɮ ɵɨʀɬɪɵ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɧ
ɖɷɵɽɬɴɹɴɵɬ ɸɵɵɹɴɵɿɬɴɯɬ ɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɼ ɯ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɼ ɩɱɲɧɫɵɩ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩ ɴʂɰ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲ ɫɵɲɭɴɵ ɨʂɹʃ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴɵ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɳ ɯɲɯ ɩ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɬ ɵɶɷɬɫɬ ɲɬɴɴɵɳ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɳ ɱɧɱ ʄɹɵ ɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɺɬɹ ɸɬɪɵɫɴʆ ɶɷɯɳɬɴɯɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɱ ɺɸɹɧɩ ɴɵɳɺ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɺ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɴʂɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɯɮɧɽɯɰ
ɕɨʀɯɬ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɱ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɳ ɩɱɲɧɫɧɳ ɳɵɭɴɵ ɸɻɵɷɳɺɲɯ ɷɵɩɧɹʃ ɸɲɬɫɺʅʀɯɳ ɵɨɷɧɮɵɳ
ɩ ɱɧɾɬɸɹɩɬ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɼ ɩɱɲɧɫɵɩ ɳɵɪɺɹ ɩʂɸɹɺɶɧɹʃ ɩɬʀɯ ɯ ɶɷɧɩɧ ɯɳɬʅʀɯɬ ɫɬɴɬɭɴɺʅ ɵɽɬɴɱɺ ɶɷɯ ʄɹɵɳ ɴɬ ɫɵɲɭɴʂ ɩɴɵɸɯɹʃɸʆ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩ ɴʂɰ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲ ɶɷɧɩɧ ɶɵɲʃɮɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɵɳ ɧɷɬɴɫɴʂɬ ɶɷɧɩɧ ɯ ɹ ɶ ɩ ɹɵ ɭɬ ɩɷɬɳʆ ɩɵɮɳɵɭɴɵ ɩɴɬɸɬɴɯɬ ɶɷɧɩ ɶɵ ɲɯɽɬɴɮɯɵɴɴɵɳɺ ɫɵɪɵɩɵɷɺ ɧ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɴɬɱɵɹɵɷʂɬ ɩɯɫʂ ɽɬɴɴʂɼ ɨɺɳɧɪ ɹɧɱɯɬ ɱɧɱ ɩɬɱɸɬɲʃ ɵɨɲɯɪɧɽɯʆ
ɯɶɷɧɩɧ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɱɧɱ ɱ ɸɧɳɵɳɺ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɺ ɹɧɱ ɯ ɱ ɹɷɬɹʃɬɳɺ ɲɯɽɺ
ɩ ɵɸɵɨɵ ɷɬɪɺɲɯɷɺɬɳʂɼ ɸɻɬɷɧɼ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɨɧɴɱɯ ɯ ɯɴʂɬ ɱɷɬɫɯɹ
ɴʂɬ ɵɷɪɧɴɯɮɧɽɯɯ ɯ ɫɷ ɩ ɱɧɾɬɸɹɩɬ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɼ ɩɱɲɧɫɵɩ ɳɵɪɺɹ ɩʂɸɹɺɶɧɹʃ ɹɵɲʃɱɵ ɩɬʀɯ ɶɷɯɪɵɫɴʂɬ ɱ ɯɸɶɵɲʃɮɵɩɧɴɯʅ ɩ ɫɧɴɴɵɰ ɸɻɬɷɬ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃ ɴɵɸɹɯ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɳ ɳɵɪɺɹ ɨʂɹʃ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴʂ ɫɵɶɵɲɴɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɬ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬ ɴɯʆ ɶɵ ɩɯɫɧɳ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɱɵɹɵɷɵɬ ɳɵɭɬɹ ɨʂɹʃ ɶɷɬɫɳɬɹɵɳ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭ ɴɵɪɵ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ
ɵɽɬɴɱɧ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɪɵ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ ɫɵɲɭɴɧ ɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲʆɹʃɸʆ ɹɵɲʃɱɵ ɴɬ ɮɧɩɯɸɯɳʂɳ ɵɽɬɴʀɯɱɵɳ ɴɵ ɴɬ ɵɷɪɧɴɧɳɯ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ
ɖɷɯɲɵɭɬɴɯɬ
ɴɬ ɶɵ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʅ ɬɪɵ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɯɲɯ ɯɴʂɳɯ ɸɶɵɸɵɨɧɳɯ ɹɧɱ ɱɧɱ ʄɹɵ ɫɵɲɭɴɧ ɨʂɹʃ ɵɽɬɴɱɧ ɷʂɴɵɾɴɵɰ ɸɹɵɯɳɵɸɹɯ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ ɧ ɴɬ ɽɬɴɴɵɸɹɯ ʄɹɵɪɵ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ ɫɲʆ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɯɲɯ ɫɲʆ ɸɧɳɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɖɷɯ ʄɹɵɳ ɵɽɬɴʀɯɱ ɫɵɲɭɬɴ ɴɬɸɹɯ ɸɺɨɸɯɫɯɧɷɴɺʅ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃ ɩ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɬ ɫɵ ɶɺʀɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɯɳ ɮɧɩʂɿɬɴɯʆ ɸɹɵɯɳɵɸɹɯ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɪɵ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ
ɬɸɲɯ ɩɴɬɸɬɴɴɧʆ ɩ ɱɧɾɬɸɹɩɬ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɪɵ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɰ ɱɧɶɯ ɹɧɲ ɩɬʀʃ ɨɺɫɬɹ ɩ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɺʅʀɬɳ ɩɯɴɫɯɽɯɷɵɩɧɴɧ ɹɷɬɹʃɯɳ ɲɯɽɵɳ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɯɹʃ ɵɨʆɮɧɴɴɵɸɹʃ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɩɴɬɸɿɬɪɵ ɫɧɴɴʂɰ ɩɱɲɧɫ jɮɧɳɬɸɹɯɹʃy ɹɧɱɺʅ ɩɬʀʃ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɳ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɬ ɶɷɯɾɬɳ ɩ ɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɰ ɻɵɷ ɳɬ ɤɹɵ ɭɬ ɶɷɧɩɯɲɵ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɷɧɸɶɷɵɸɹɷɧɴɯɹʃ ɯ ɴɧ ɸɲɺɾɧɯ ɩɴɬɸɬɴɯʆ ɯɳɺ ʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɩ ɩɯɫɬ ɶɷɧɩɧ ɶɵɲʃɮɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɯɲɯ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɱɵɹɵɷɵɬ ɩɶɵɸɲɬɫ ɸɹɩɯɯ ɨʂɲɵ ɯɮʁʆɹɵ ɺ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɩ ɷɬɮɺɲʃɹɧɹɬ ɶɷɯɮɴɧɴɯʆ ɸɫɬɲɱɯ ɴɬɫɬɰɸɹɩɯɹɬɲʃɴɵɰ ɯ ɶɵ ɹɵɳɺ ɶɵɫɵɨɴʂɳ ɵɸɴɵɩɧɴɯʆɳ
ɏɸɱɲʅɾɬɴɯɬ ɯɮ ɵɨʆɮɧɹɬɲʃɴɵɰ ɵɽɬɴɱɯ ɳɵɪɺɹ ɸɵɸɹɧɩɲʆɹʃ ɧ ɵɨʁɬɱɹʂ ɯɳɬʅʀɯɬ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴɴɺʅ ɷʂɴɵɾɴɺʅ ɸɹɵɯɳɵɸɹʃ ɹɧɱɯɬ ɱɧɱ ɱɵɹɯɷɺʅ ʀɯɬɸʆ ɴɧ ɨɯɷɭɧɼ ɽɬɴɴʂɬ ɨɺɳɧɪɯ ɨ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɬ ɩɱɲɧɫʂ ɴɬɮɴɧɾɯɹɬɲʃ ɴɵɰ ɸɹɵɯɳɵɸɹɯ ɴɬ ɶɷɬɩʂɿɧʅʀɬɰ ɷɧɮɳɬɷ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɰ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɯɹʃ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɧ ɷɺɨ ɩ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɴɬɳ ɸɲɺɾɧɬ ɩɵɮɳɵɭɴɵ ɫɵɶɺɸɹɯɹʃ ɵɽɬɴɱɺ ɹɧɱɵɪɵ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ ɩ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɬ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴɴɵɳ ɺɸɹɧɩɵɳ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɸ ɩɩɬɫɬɴɯɬɳ ɸɺɨɸɯɫɯɧɷɴɵɰ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹɯ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɵɨ ʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɮɧ ɵɽɬɴɱɺ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴʂɼ ɩɱɲɧɫɵɩ
Ɍɸɲɯ ɱ ɳɵɳɬɴɹɺ ɩɴɬɸɬɴɯʆ ɴɬɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɪɵ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ ɩɵɮɴɯɱɧʅɹ ɵɨɸɹɵʆ ɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɬ ɳɵɪɺɹ ɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴɴɵ ɯɮɳɬɴɯɹʃ ɸɹɵɯɳɵɸɹʃ ɹɧɱɵɪɵ ɩɱɲɧ ɫɧ ɹɷɬɨɺɬɹɸʆ ɬɪɵ ɶɬɷɬɵɽɬɴɱɧ
ɖɷɯ ɺɾɷɬɭɫɬɴɯɯ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɩɬɸʃ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɰ ɱɧ ɶɯɹɧɲ ɫɵɲɭɬɴ ɵɶɲɧɾɯɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɩ ɫɬɴɬɭɴɵɰ ɻɵɷɳɬ ɖɷɯ ʄɹɵɳ ɳɯɴɯɳɧɲʃ ɴʂɰ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɰ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲ ɩ ɵɸɴɵɩɴɵɳ ɫɵɲɭɬɴ ɨʂɹʃ ɵɶɲɧɾɬɴ ɱ ɳɵɳɬɴ ɹɺ ɪɵɸɺɫɧɷɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɰ ɷɬɪɯɸɹɷɧɽɯɯ ɵɸɹɧɩɿɧʆɸʆ ɾɧɸɹʃ ӎ ɩ ɹɬɾɬɴɯɬ ɪɵɫɧ ɸ ɳɵɳɬɴɹɧ ɪɵɸɺɫɧɷɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɰ ɷɬɪɯɸɹɷɧɽɯɯ ɬɸɲɯ ɨɵɲɬɬ ɱɵɷɵɹɱɯɰ ɸɷɵɱ ɴɬ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴ ɺɾɷɬɫɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɳɯ ɫɵɱɺɳɬɴɹɧɳɯ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɮɧɸɲɺɭɯɩɧɬɹ ɵɨɸɺɭɫɬɴɯʆ ɯ ɶɷɧɩɯɲɵ ɵɨ ɵɫɴɵɳɵɳɬɴɹɴɵɰ ɵɶɲɧɹɬ ɩɸɬɪɵ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧ
ɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɶɷɯ ɺɾɷɬɭɫɬɴɯɯ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɖɷɯ ɺɩɬɲɯɾɬɴɯɯ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯ ɹɧɲɧ ɸɷɵɱ ɵɶɲɧɹʂ ɺɸɹɧɴɧɩɲɯɩɧɬɹɸʆ ɩ ɫɵɱɺɳɬɴɹɧɼ ɴɧ ɵɸɴɵɩɧɴɯɯ ɱɵɹɵ ɷʂɼ ɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲʆɬɹɸʆ ɹɧɱɵɬ ɺɩɬɲɯɾɬɴɯɬ
ɘɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɸɵɼɷɧɴɯɹʃ ɶɷɧɩɯɲɧ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴɴʂɬ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɺʅʀɯɳ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɵɳ ɵ ɶɬɷɬɼɵɫɬ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɫɵɲɯ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧ ɱ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴ ɴɵɳɺ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɺ ɩ ɸɲɺɾɧɬ ɴɬɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴɴʂɰ ɸɷɵɱ ɶɵɲ ɴɵɰ ɵɶɲɧɹʂ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɫɵɲɯ ɧ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɵ ɹɵɳ ɾɹɵ ɺɾɷɬɫɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɳɯ ɫɵɱɺ
ɑɵɴɽɬɶɽɯʆ ɷɧɮɩɯɹɯʆ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɵ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɲɯɽɧɼ ɖɷɵɬɱɹ
ɳɬɴɹɧɳɯ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɳɵɭɬɹ ɨʂɹʃ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴɵ ɩɮʂɸɱɧɴɯɬ ɴɬɺɸɹɵɰɱɯ ɩ ɶɵɲʃɮɺ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɮɧ ɶɷɵɸɷɵɾɱɺ ɵɶɲɧɹʂ ɩɴɬɸɬɴɯʆ ɩɱɲɧɫɧ
ɏɸɼɵɫʆ ɯɮ ɶɷɯɷɵɫʂ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɲɯɽ ɯ ɸɶɬɽɯɻɯɱɯ ɯɼ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃ ɴɵɸɹɯ ɯɮɲɵɭɬɴɴʂɬ ɶɷɧɩɯɲɧ ɵɨ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɳ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɬ ɬɪɵ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɬ ɸɵɸɹɧɩɬ ɯ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɬ ɻɵɷɳɯɷɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɳɵɪɺɹ ɨʂɹʃ ɷɧɸɶɷɵɸɹɷɧɴɬɴʂ ɴɧ ɶɷɵɯɮɩɵɫ ɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɬ ɱɵɵɶɬɷɧɹɯɩʂ ɯ ɸɹɧɹʃ ɵɨʀɯɳɯ ɫɲʆ ɱɵɳɳɬɷɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɯɮɧ ɽɯɰ ɱɷɵɳɬ ɹɵɩɧɷɯʀɬɸɹɩ
ɖɷɬɫɸɹɧɩɲʆɬɹɸʆ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɽɬɲɬɸɵɵɨɷɧɮɴʂɳ ɸɵɮɫɧɴɯɬ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɩ ɹɬɼ ɴɬɱɵɳɳɬɷɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɵɷɪɧɴɯɮɧɽɯʆɼ ɺɾɷɬɫɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɬ ɫɵɱɺ ɳɬɴɹʂ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɼ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɧɹɷɯɩɧʅɹ ɯɼ ɶɷɧɩɵ ɴɧ ɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲɬɴɯɬ ɶɷɬɫ ɶɷɯɴɯɳɧɹɬɲʃɸɱɵɰ ɶɷɯɴɵɸʆʀɬɰ ɫɵɼɵɫ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɮɧ ɯɸɱɲʅɾɬɴɯ ɬɳ ɺɾɷɬɭɫɬɴɯɰ ɶɵ ɫɵɲɪɧɳ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɼ ɺɾɷɬɫɯɹɬɲʃ ɴɬɸɬɹ ɸɺɨɸɯɫɯɧɷɴɺʅ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃ əɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɱ ɹɧɱɵɳɺ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɳɺ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɺ ɳɵɪɺɹ ɨʂɹʃ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴʂ ɶɵ ɧɴɧɲɵɪɯɯ ɸ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɵɳ ɸ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɴɵɰ ɵɹ ɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃʅ
ɉɳɬɸɹɬ ɸ ɹɬɳ ɽɬɲɬɸɵɵɨɷɧɮɴɵ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɯɹʃ ɩɵɮɳɵɭɴɵɸɹʃ ɩɮɧɯɳ ɴɵɪɵ ɺɾɧɸɹɯʆ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩɴʂɼ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧɼ ɫɷɺɪ ɫɷɺ ɪɧ ɶɬɷɬɱɷɬɸɹɴɵɬ ɩɲɧɫɬɴɯɬ ɕɹɸɺɹɸɹɩɯɬ ɹɧɱɯɼ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɯɰ ɶɵɮɩɵɲʆɬɹ ɺɶɷɧɩɲʆʅʀɯɳ ɵɸɴɵɩɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɾɬɷɬɮ ɫɵɾɬɷɴɬɬ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɵ ӎ ɧɱɽɯɵ ɴɬɷɧ ɵɸɴɵɩɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ӎ ɪɵɲɵɸɵɩɧɹʃ ɴɧ ɵɨʀɯɼ ɸɵɨɷɧɴɯʆɼ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬ ɷɵɩ ɵɸɴɵɩɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ
ɕɶɹɯɳɧɲʃɴʂɰ ɸɶɵɸɵɨ ɨɵɷʃɨʂ ɶɷɵɹɯɩ ʄɹɯɼ ɮɲɵɺɶɵɹɷɬɨɲɬɴɯɰ ӎ ɯɳ ɶɬɷɧɹɯɩɴʂɰ ɮɧɶɷɬɹ ɩ Ɋɑ ɴɧ ɶɬɷɬɱɷɬɸɹɴɵɬ ɩɲɧɫɬɴɯɬ ɧɱɽɯʆɳɯ ɫɵɲʆ ɳɯ ɉ ɱɧɾɬɸɹɩɬ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɸɹɩɯɰ ɴɧɷɺɿɬɴɯʆ ɹɧɱɵɪɵ ɮɧɶɷɬɹɧ ɴɬɵɨʆɮɧɹɬɲʃ ɴɵ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɧɹɷɯɩɧɹʃ ɴɬɫɬɰɸɹɩɯɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹʃ ɸɫɬɲɵɱ ɵɸɴɵɩɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɶɵ ɶɷɯɵɨɷɬɹɬɴɯʅ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɫɵɲɬɰ ɫɵɾɬɷɴɬɪɵ ɳɵɭɴɵ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɯɹʃ ɾɹɵ ɧɱ ɽɯɯ ɫɵɲɯ ɶɷɯɵɨɷɬɹɬɴɴʂɬ ɶɵ ɲʅɨʂɳ ɵɸɴɵɩɧɴɯʆɳ ɴɵ ɸ ɴɧɷɺɿɬɴɯɬɳ ɺɱɧɮɧɴɴɵɪɵ ɮɧɶɷɬɹɧ ɴɬ ɶɷɬɫɵɸɹɧɩɲʆʅɹ ɸɩɵɯɳ ɩɲɧɫɬɲʃɽɧɳ ɴɯɱɧɱɯɼ ɶɷɧɩ ɴɬ ɪɵɲɵɸɺʅɹ ɴɬ ɺɾɧɸɹɩɺʅɹ ɩ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴɯɯ ɱɩɵɷɺɳɧ ɵɨʀɬɪɵ ɸɵɨɷɧɴɯʆ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɵɩ ɶɵ ɴɯɳ ɴɬ ɴɧɾɯɸɲʆʅɹɸʆ ɫɯɩɯɫɬɴɫʂ ɯ ɹ ɫ
ɝɬɲɬɸɵɵɨɷɧɮɴɵ ɵɹɱɧɮɧɹʃɸʆ ɵɹ ɱɵɴɸɹɷɺɱɽɯɯ ɫɷɵɨɴʂɼ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɱɧɱ
ɵɸɵɨʂɼ ɵɨʁɬɱɹɵɩ ɪɷɧɭɫɧɴɸɱɵɪɵ ɵɨɵɷɵɹɧ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɯɩ ɸɵɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɺʅʀɯɰ ɮɧɶɷɬɹ ɩ Ɋɑ ɖɵɴʆɹɯɬ jɫɷɵɨɴɧʆ ɧɱɽɯʆy ɴɬ ɸɵɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɺɬɹ ɴɯ ɵɸɴɵɩɴʂɳ ɶɵɲɵɭɬɴɯʆɳ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɺɸɹɧɴɧɩɲɯɩɧʅʀɯɳ ɵɸɵɨɬɴɴɵɸɹɯ ɶɷɧ ɩɵɩɵɪɵ ɷɬɭɯɳɧ ɽɬɴɴʂɼ ɨɺɳɧɪ ɴɯ ɪɷɧɭɫɧɴɸɱɵ ɶɷɧɩɵɩɵɰ ɫɵɱɹɷɯɴɬ ɩ ɽɬ ɲɵɳ ɯ ɱɵɴɽɬɶɽɯɯ ɹɩɬɷɫɵɪɵ ɺɸɹɧɩɴɵɪɵ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɧ ɩ ɾɧɸɹɴɵɸɹɯ ɖɷɯ jɫɷɵɨ ɲɬɴɯɯy ɧɱɽɯɯ ɬɬ ɨʂɩɿɬɳɺ ɩɲɧɫɬɲʃɽɺ ɫɵɲɭɴɧ ɩʂɶɲɧɾɯɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɸɵɵɹɩɬɹ ɸɹɩɺʅʀɧʆ ɫɬɴɬɭɴɧʆ ɱɵɳɶɬɴɸɧɽɯʆ
ɖɷɯɲɵɭɬɴɯɬ
ɉɧɭɴɵ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɵɩɧɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɶɷɯɫɬɷɭɯɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɱɷɯɹɬɷɯɬɩ ɵɶɷɬ ɫɬɲʆʅʀɯɼ ɸɶɬɽɯɻɯɱɺ ɶɷɯɩɯɲɬɪɯɷɵɩɧɴɴʂɼ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɉ ʄɹɯɼ ɽɬɲʆɼ ɩ Ɋɑ ɫɵɲɭɴɧ ɸɵɫɬɷɭɧɹʃɸʆ ɴɵɷɳɧ ɵɨʆɮʂɩɧʅʀɧʆ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɬ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɵ ɶɷɯ ɴɧɲɯɾɯɯ ɾɯɸɹɵɰ ɶɷɯɨʂɲɯ ɶɵ ɯɹɵɪɧɳ ɫɬʆɹɬɲʃɴɵɸɹɯ ɮɧ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴɴʂɰ ɶɬɷɯɵɫ ɶɷɯɴɯɳɧɹʃ ɷɬɿɬɴɯɬ ɵ ɩʂɶɲɧɹɬ ɫɯɩɯɫɬɴɫɵɩ ɶɵ ɹɧɱɯɳ ɧɱɽɯʆɳ ɯ ɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲʆɹʃ ɯɼ ɻɧɱɹɯɾɬɸɱɺʅ ɩʂɶɲɧɹɺ ɗɧɮɳɬɷ ɫɯɩɯɫɬɴɫɧ ɫɵɲɭɬɴ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲʆɹʃɸʆ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩɬ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɶɵ ɩɸɬɳ ɹɯɶɧɳ ɶɷɯɩɯɲɬɪɯɷɵɩɧɴɴʂɼ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɕɸɴɵɩɴʂɬ ɶɵɲɵɭɬɴɯʆ ɵɨ ɵɨʁʆɩɲɬɴɯɯ ɯ ɩʂɶɲɧɹɬ ɫɯɩɯɫɬɴɫɵɩ ɴɬɵɨɼɵɫɯɳɵ ɩɱɲʅɾɯɹʃ ɩ Ɋɑ ɶɵɸɱɵɲʃɱɺ ɶɷɧɩɵ ɴɧ ɫɯɩɯɫɬɴɫ ӎ ɵɸɴɵɩɴɵɬ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɬ ɶɷɧɩɵ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɧ ӎ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧ ɱɵɳɳɬɷɾɬɸɱɵɰ ɵɷɪɧɴɯ ɮɧɽɯɯ ɶɷɬɫɸɹɧɩɲʆʅʀɬɰ ɸɵɨɵɰ ɵɨʁɬɫɯɴɬɴɯɬ ɱɧɶɯɹɧɲɵɩ
Ɏɧʀɯɹɧ ɯɴɹɬɷɬɸɵɩ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɯ ɫɷɺɪɯɼ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɵɨ ʀɬɸɹɩ ɶɷɯ ɸɵɩɬɷɿɬɴɯɯ ɯɳɯ ɱɷɺɶɴʂɼ ɸɫɬɲɵɱ ɯ ɸɫɬɲɵɱ ɸ ɮɧɯɴɹɬɷɬɸɵɩɧɴ ɴɵɸɹʃʅ ɫɵɲɭɴɧ ɸɹɷɵɯɹʃɸʆ ɴɬ ɶɺɹɬɳ ɶɷɬɫɵɸɹɧɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɯɳ ɶɷɧɩɧ ɵɸɶɧɷɯ ɩɧɹʃ ɮɧɱɲʅɾɬɴɴʂɬ ɸ ɱɵɴɹɷɧɪɬɴɹɧɳɯ ɸɫɬɲɱɯ ɸɸʂɲɧʆɸʃ ɴɧ ɴɧɷɺɿɬɴɯɬ ɩɴɺɹɷɯɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɹɯɩɴɵɪɵ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɧ ɯɼ ɵɻɵɷɳɲɬɴɯʆ ɧ ɶɺɹɬɳ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɹɷɬɨɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɵɨ ɵɨʆɮɧɹɬɲʃɴɵɳ ɮɧɱɷɬɶɲɬɴɯɯ ɶɵɷʆɫɱɧ ɵɻɵɷɳɲɬɴɯʆ ɹɧɱɯɼ ɸɫɬɲɵɱ ɩ ɺɸɹɧɩɧɼ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɧ ɹɷɯɩɧʅʀɬɪɵ ɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴɴɺʅ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃ ɯɸɶɵɲɴɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɼ ɵɷɪɧ ɴɵɩ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɮɧ ɬɪɵ ɴɧɷɺɿɬɴɯɬ ɶɬɷɬɫ ɸɧɳɯɳ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɵɳ ɉɵɮɳɵɭɴɵɸɹʃ ɶɷɯɮɴɧɴɯʆ ɹɧɱɯɼ ɸɫɬɲɵɱ ɴɬɫɬɰɸɹɩɯɹɬɲʃɴʂɳɯ ɶɵ ɯɸɱɺ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɫɵɲɭɴɧ ɶɷɯɮɴɧɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɲɯɿʃ ɫɲʆ ɸɲɺɾɧɬɩ ɱɵɪɫɧ ɱɵɴɹɷɧɪɬɴɹ ɶɵ ɸɫɬɲɱɬ ɮɧɩɬɫɵɳɵ ɮɴɧɲ ɯɲɯ ɫɵɲɭɬɴ ɨʂɲ ɮɴɧɹʃ ɵɨ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɯʆɼ ɫɲʆ ɬɬ ɸɵɩɬɷɿɬɴɯʆ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴɴʂɼ ɺɸɹɧɩɵɳ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɸɷ ɸɹ Ɋɑ
§ 3. Законодательство о соглашениях между участниками хозяйственных обществ
1. Состояние и оценка действующего законодательства
ɉ ɫɬɰɸɹɩɺʅʀɬɳ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɬ ɫɵ ɴɬɫɧɩɴɬɪɵ ɩɷɬɳɬɴɯ ɵɹɸɺɹ ɸɹɩɵɩɧɲɵ ɸɶɬɽɯɧɲʃɴɵɬ ɷɬɪɺɲɯɷɵɩɧɴɯɬ ɶɵɸɩʆʀɬɴɴɵɬ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆɳ ɱɵ
ɹɵɷʂɬ ɮɧɱɲʅɾɧʅɹɸʆ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧɳɯ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɵɪɵ ɲɯɽɧ ӎ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɽɯɯ ɯɮɩɬɸɹɴʂ ɶɵɫ ɴɧɮɩɧɴɯɬɳ jɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɵɩy ɶɷɯɿɬɫɿɯɳ ɯɮ ɸɻɬɷʂ ɴɧɯɨɵɲʃɿɬɪɵ ɯɼ ɷɧɸɶɷɵɸɹɷɧɴɬɴɯʆ
ɉ ɴɧɸɹɵʆʀɬɬ ɩɷɬɳʆ ɶ ɸɹ ɛɬɫɬɷɧɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɮɧɱɵɴɧ jɕɨ ɵɨʀɬɸɹ ɩɧɼ ɸ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɴɵɰ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃʅy ɩ ɷɬɫɧɱɽɯɯ ɛɎ ɵɹ ɫɬɱɧɨɷʆɪ ԋ ɛɎ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɧɹɷɯɩɧɬɹ ɶɷɧɩɵ ɺɾɷɬɫɯɹɬɲɬɰ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɹɧɱɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɮɧɱɲʅɾɯɹʃ ɫɵɪɵɩɵɷ ɶɵ ɱɵɹɵɷɵɳɺ ɵɴɯ ɵɨʆɮɺʅɹɸʆ ɵɸɺ
ɑɵɴɽɬɶɽɯʆ ɷɧɮɩɯɹɯʆ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɧ ɵ ʅɷɯɫɯɾɬɸɱɯɼ ɲɯɽɧɼ ɖɷɵɬɱɹ
ʀɬɸɹɩɲʆɹʃ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴɴʂɳ ɵɨɷɧɮɵɳ ɸɩɵɯ ɶɷɧɩɧ ɯ ɯɲɯ ɩɵɮɫɬɷɭɯɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɵɹ ɵɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɺɱɧɮɧɴɴʂɼ ɶɷɧɩ ɩ ɹɵɳ ɾɯɸɲɬ ɪɵɲɵɸɵɩɧɹʃ ɵɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴ ɴʂɳ ɵɨɷɧɮɵɳ ɴɧ ɵɨʀɬɳ ɸɵɨɷɧɴɯɯ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ
ɉɵɮɳɵɭɴɵɸɹʃ ɮɧɱɲʅɾɬɴɯʆ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧɳɯ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɽɯɰ jɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷ ɴʂɼ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯɰy ɶɷɯɮɴɧɬɹɸʆ ɶɷɧɩɵɳ ɳɴɵɪɯɼ ɮɧɷɺɨɬɭɴʂɼ ɸɹɷɧɴ ɖɷɯ ʄɹɵɳ ɩ ɯɴɵɸɹɷɧɴɴʂɼ ɶɷɧɩɵɶɵɷʆɫɱɧɼ ɶɷɬɫɸɹɧɩɲɬɴʂ ɷɧɮɲɯɾɴʂɬ ɱɵɴɽɬɶ ɹɺɧɲʃɴʂɬ ɶɵɫɼɵɫʂ ɱ ɺɶɵɳʆɴɺɹʂɳ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆɳ ɇɴɪɲɯɰɸɱɵɳɺ ɶɷɧɩɺ ɯɮɩɬɸɹɴɵ ɳɧɲɵ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɯɰ ɩ ɵɹɴɵɿɬɴɯɯ ɹɵɪɵ ɾɹɵ ɳɵɭɬɹ ɨʂɹʃ ɶɷɬɫ ɳɬɹɵɳ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɵɩ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɉɵ ɛɷɧɴɽɯɯ ɯɲɯ ɩ Ɋɬɷ ɳɧɴɯɯ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃ ɪɵɷɧɮɫɵ ɭɬɸɹɾɬ ɶɵɫɼɵɫɯɹ ɱ ɷɬɪɺɲɯɷɵɩɧɴɯʅ ɧɱ ɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯɰ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɯɩɧʆ ɸɩɵɨɵɫɺ ɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴɯʆ ɯɼ ɸɹɵɷɵɴ
ɔɧ ɺɷɵɩɴɬ ɘɔɊ ɫɵɶɺɸɹɯɳɵɸɹʃ ɹɧɱɯɼ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯɰ ɶɷɬɫɺɸɳɵɹɷɬɴɧ ɶ ɸɹ ɓɵɫɬɲʃɴʂɼ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɴʂɼ ɶɵɲɵɭɬɴɯɰ ɫɲʆ ɪɵɸɺɫɧɷɸɹɩ ӎ ɺɾɧɸɹ ɴɯɱɵɩ ɘɔɊ ɵ ɮɧʀɯɹɬ ɶɷɧɩ ɯɴɩɬɸɹɵɷɵɩ ɴɧ ɷʂɴɱɬ ɽɬɴɴʂɼ ɨɺɳɧɪ ɶɷɯ ɴʆɹʂ ɧɶɷɬɲʆ ɪ ɓɬɭɶɧɷɲɧɳɬɴɹɸɱɵɰ ɇɸɸɧɳɨɲɬɬɰ ɪɵɸɺɫɧɷɸɹɩ ӎ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɘɔɊ
ɉɳɬɸɹɬ ɸ ɹɬɳ ɸɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɯɳɬɹʃ ɩ ɩɯɫɺ ɾɹɵ ɯɳɬɬɹɸʆ ɷʆɫ ɶɷɯɴɽɯɶɯ ɧɲʃɴʂɼ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɯɰ ɯɸɶɵɲʃɮɵɩɧɴɯʆ ɯ ɸɵɫɬɷɭɧɴɯʆ ɷɧɸɸɳɧɹɷɯɩɧɬɳʂɼ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯɰ ɤɱɵɴɵɳɯɾɬɸɱɯ ɨɵɲɬɬ ɸɯɲʃɴɧʆ ɸɹɵɷɵɴɧ ɩ ɹɧɱɵɳ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬ ɴɯɯ ɴɬɷɬɫɱɵ ɶʂɹɧɬɹɸʆ ɯɸɶɵɲʃɮɵɩɧɹʃ ɳɬɼɧɴɯɮɳ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬ ɴɯʆ ɫɲʆ ɶɬɷɬɷɧɸɶɷɬɫɬɲɬɴɯʆ ɩ ɸɩɵʅ ɶɵɲʃɮɺ ɨɧɲɧɴɸɧ ɷɯɸɱɵɩ ɯ ɶɷɬɯɳɺ ʀɬɸɹɩ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɰ ɯɸɹɵɷɯɾɬɸɱɯ ɸɲɵɭɯɲɸʆ ɩ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɹɯɩɴɵɳ ɶɷɧɩɬ ɤɹɵɹ ɨɧɲɧɴɸ ɮɧɱɲʅɾɧɬɹɸʆ ɩ ɹɵɳ ɾɹɵ ɱɧɭɫʂɰ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɽɯɯ ɯɳɬɬɹ ɷɧɩɴʂɰ ɵɨʁɬɳ ɶɷɧɩ ɩʂɹɬɱɧʅʀɯɼ ɯɮ ɬɪɵ ɺɾɧɸɹɯʆ ɯ ɴɬɸɬɹ ɷɯɸɱɯ ɶɷɵ ɶɵɷɽɯɵɴɧɲʃɴɵ ɸɩɵɬɰ ɫɵɲɬ əɧɱɯɳ ɵɨɷɧɮɵɳ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱ ɵɨɲɧɫɧʅʀɯɰ ɯ ɨɵɲɬɬ ɪɵɲɵɸɵɩ ɯɳɬɬɹ ɨɵɲʃɿɬ ɶɷɧɩ ɾɬɳ ɩɲɧɫɬɲɬɽ ɪɵɲɵɸɵɩ ɔɵ ɶɬɷ ɩʂɰ ɯ ɷɯɸɱɺɬɹ ɸɩɵɯɳ ɩɱɲɧɫɵɳ ɩ ɪɵɷɧɮɫɵ ɨɵɲʃɿɬɰ ɸɹɬɶɬɴɯ ɾɬɳ ɩɹɵɷɵɰ
ɕɹɱɧɮ ɵɹ ɶɵɫɵɨɴɵɪɵ ɳɬɼɧɴɯɮɳɧ ɾɬɷɬɮ ɯɴɸɹɯɹɺɹ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴʂɼ ɸɵɪɲɧ ɿɬɴɯɰ ɩɷʆɫ ɲɯ ɳɵɭɬɹ ɶɷɯɩɬɹɸɹɩɵɩɧɹʃɸʆ ɶɵɸɱɵɲʃɱɺ ɫɧɭɬ ɩ ɵɨʆɮɧɹɬɲʃ ɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɳ ɶɷɧɩɬ ɸɺʀɬɸɹɩɺʅɹ ɪɷɧɴɯɽʂ ɸɩɵɨɵɫʂ ɫɵɪɵɩɵɷɧ ɔɧɶɷɯɳɬɷ ɩ ɸɯɲɺ ɾ ɸɹ Ɋɑ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯɬ ɶɵɲɴɵɸɹʃʅ ɵɸɩɵɨɵɭɫɧʅʀɬɬ ɱɵɪɵ
ɲɯɨɵ ɯɮ ɹɵɩɧɷɯʀɬɰ ɵɹ ɺɾɧɸɹɯʆ ɩ ɶɵɱɷʂɹɯɯ ɵɨʀɯɼ ɷɧɸɼɵɫɵɩ ɯɲɯ ɺɨʂɹ ɱɵɩ ɴɯɾɹɵɭɴɵ ɘɵɪɲɧɸɴɵ ɸɹ Ɋɑ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯɬ ɵɨ ɺɸɹɷɧɴɬɴɯɯ ɱɵ ɪɵ ɲɯɨɵ ɯɮ ɹɵɩɧɷɯʀɬɰ ɵɹ ɺɾɧɸɹɯʆ ɩ ɶɷɯɨʂɲɯ ɴɯɾɹɵɭɴɵ
Ɍɸɲɯ ɵɫɯɴ ɯɮ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɩɴɬɸ ɩɱɲɧɫ ɩ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɬ ɳɬɴʃɿɬɳ ɾɬɳ ɴɬɶɵɴʆɹɴɵ ɶɵ ɱɧɱɵɰ ɶɷɯɾɯɴɬ ɬɳɺ ɫɵɲɭɴɵ ɶɷɯɴɧɫɲɬɭɧɹʃ ɶɷɧɩɵ ɴɧ ɶɷɯɳɬɷ ɶɷɯɴʆɹɯʆ ɷɬɿɬɴɯʆ ɵɨ ɺɹɩɬɷɭɫɬɴɯɯ ɬɫɯɴɵɲɯɾɴɵɪɵ ɯɸɶɵɲɴɯ ɹɬɲʃɴɵɪɵ ɵɷɪɧɴɧ ɱɵɳɶɧɴɯɯ Ɍɸɲɯ ɫɵɶɺɸɹɯɹʃ ɹɧɱɺʅ ɩɵɮɳɵɭɴɵɸɹʃ ɩ ɧɨ
ɖɷɯɲɵɭɬɴɯɬ
ɸɹɷɧɱɹɴɵɳ ɩɯɫɬ ɹɵ ɳɵɭɴɵ ɵɭɯɫɧɹʃ ɶɵʆɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɱɵɳɶɧɴɯɰ ɩ ɱɵɹɵɷʂɼ ɶɵɫɵɨɴɵɬ ɶɷɧɩɵ ɨɺɫɬɹ ɶɷɬɫɵɸɹɧɩɲɬɴɵ ɩɲɧɫɬɲʃɽɺ ɪɵɲɵɸɵɩ ɯ ɳɬɴɬɬ ɝɬɲʃʅ ɶɷɯ ʄɹɵɳ ɨɺɫɬɹ ɴɬ ɯɴɩɬɸɹɯɷɵɩɧɴɯɬ ɩ ɱɵɳɶɧɴɯʅ ɧ ɶɵɲɺɾɬɴɯɬ ɱɵɴɹɷɵɲʆ ɶɷɯ ɵɹɸɺɹɸɹɩɯɯ ɷɯɸɱɧ ɹɵɾɴɬɬ ɸ ɬɪɵ ɶɬɷɬɲɵɭɬɴɯɬɳ ɴɧ ɯɴʂɼ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɴɬ ɵɨɲɧɫɧʅʀɯɼ ɱɵɴɹɷɵɲɬɳ ɴɬɸɳɵɹɷʆ ɴɧ ɶɵɫɧɩɲʆʅʀɬɬ ɶɷɬɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɵ ɩ ɫɵɲʆɼ ɺɾɧɸɹɯʆ
ɘɲɬɫɺɬɹ ɹɧɱɭɬ ɺɾɯɹʂɩɧɹʃ ɶɵɸɲɬɫɸɹɩɯʆ ɫɲʆ jɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɸɵ ɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆy ɵɨɷɧʀɬɴɯʆ ɩɮʂɸɱɧɴɯʆ ɴɧ ɸɵɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɺʅʀɯɬ ɧɱɽɯɯ ɫɵɲɯ ɶɵ ɫɵɲɪɧɳ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧ ɫɧɴɴɵɪɵ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆ ɯ ɯɼ ɶɷɵɫɧɭɯ ɵɹɾɺɭɫɬɴɯʆ ɹɷɬɹʃɬɳɺ ɲɯɽɺ ɖɬɷɬɼɵɫ ɵɨʆɮɧɴɴɵɸɹɬɰ ɩʂɹɬɱɧʅʀɯɼ ɯɮ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆ ɱ ɶɷɯɵɨɷɬɹɧɹɬɲʅ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɫɵɲɬɰ ɺɾɧɸɹɯʆ ɴɬ ɳɵɭɬɹ ɸɾɯɹɧɹʃɸʆ ɺɫɧɾɴʂɳ ɶɵɸɱɵɲʃɱɺ ɴɬɩɵɮɳɵɭɴɵ ɫɵɸɹɵɩɬɷɴɵ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɯɹʃ ɸɹɵɯɳɵɸɹʃ ɹɵɪɵ ɯɲɯ ɯɴɵɪɵ ɶɧɱɬɹɧ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɫɵɲɬɰ ɫɲʆ ɽɬɲɬɰ ɵɨɷɧʀɬɴɯʆ ɩɮʂɸɱɧɴɯʆ ɴɧ ɴɬɪɵ ɾɹɵ ɵɹɷɯɽɧɹɬɲʃɴɵ ɶɵɩɲɯʆɬɹ ɴɧ ɺɸɹɵɰɾɯɩɵɸɹʃ ɵɨɵɷɵɹɧ ɯ ɸɵɮɫɧɸɹ ɶɵɾ ɩɺ ɫɲʆ ɮɲɵɺɶɵɹɷɬɨɲɬɴɯɰ
ɋɧɭɬ ɩɲɧɫɬɴɯɬ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɴɬ ɶɵɮɩɵɲɯɹ ɱɷɬɫɯɹɵɷɧɳ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɧ ɷɧɸ ɸɾɯɹʂɩɧɹʃ ɴɧ ɹɵ ɾɹɵ ɸɹɵɯɳɵɸɹʃ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɶɷɯɨɲɯɭɧɬɹɸʆ ɱ ɷɧɮɳɬɷɺ ɧɱɹɯ ɩɵɩ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɴɵɪɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩɧ ɬɸɲɯ ɷɬɧɲʃɴɵ ʄɹɯ ɧɱɽɯɯ ɵɱɧɭɺɹɸʆ jɵɨɷɬ ɳɬɴɬɴʂy ɴɯɪɫɬ ɴɬ ɮɧɷɬɪɯɸɹɷɯɷɵɩɧɴɴʂɳɯ ɶɷɧɩɧɳɯ ɫɷɺɪɵɪɵ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬ ɷɧ ӎ ɩɲɧɫɬɲʃɽɧ ɪɵɲɵɸɵɩ
2. Предложения по совершенствованию действующего
законодательства
ɏɸɼɵɫʆ ɯɮ ʄɹɵɪɵ ɶɷɬɫɸɹɧɩɲʆɬɹɸʆ ɽɬɲɬɸɵɵɨɷɧɮɴʂɳ ɺɸɹɧɴɵɩɲɬ ɴɯɬ ɩ Ɋɑ ɵɨʀɯɼ ɶɷɧɩɯɲ ɵ ɫɵɶɺɸɹɯɳɵɸɹɯ ɯ ɸɵɫɬɷɭɧɴɯɯ ɹɧɱɵɪɵ ɷɵɫɧ ɸɵ ɪɲɧɿɬɴɯɰ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɲʅɨʂɼ ɼɵɮʆɰɸɹɩɬɴɴʂɼ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɽɯɰ ɧ ɴɬ ɹɵɲʃɱɵ ɵɨʀɬɸɹɩ ɸ ɵɪɷɧɴɯɾɬɴɴɵɰ ɵɹɩɬɹɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɸɹʃʅ ɤɹɵ ɶɷɯɨɲɯ ɮɯɹ ɷɵɸɸɯɰɸɱɵɬ ɮɧɱɵɴɵɫɧɹɬɲʃɸɹɩɵ ɱ ɴɧɯɨɵɲɬɬ ɷɧɮɩɯɹʂɳ ɮɧɷɺɨɬɭɴʂɳ ɶɷɧɩɵɶɵɷʆɫɱɧɳ ɩ ɱɧɱɵɰ ɹɵ ɳɬɷɬ ɶɵɮɩɵɲɯɹ ɯɮɨɬɭɧɹʃ ɶɬɷɬɼɵɫɧ ɴɬɱɵɹɵ ɷʂɼ ɶɷɬɫɶɷɯɴɯɳɧɹɬɲɬɰ ɯɮ ɶɵɫ ɷɵɸɸɯɰɸɱɵɰ ɩ ɮɧɷɺɨɬɭɴʂɬ ʅɷɯɸɫɯɱɽɯɯ
ɖɷɬɫɳɬɹɵɳ jɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆ ɧɱɽɯɵɴɬɷɵɩy ɳɵɪɺɹ ɸɲɺɭɯɹʃ ɸɵ
ɪɲɧɸɵɩɧɴɴɵɬ ɪɵɲɵɸɵɩɧɴɯɬ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɩ ɶɵ ɱɧɱɯɳ ɲɯɨɵ ɩɵɶɷɵɸɧɳ ɩ ɹɵɳ ɾɯɸɲɬ ɶɵ ɱɧɴɫɯɫɧɹɺɷɧɳ ɩ ɵɷɪɧɴʂ ɺɶɷɧɩɲɬɴɯʆ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɽɯɯ ɶɷɧɩɵ ɯɲɯ ɵɨʆɮɧɴɴɵɸɹʃ ɶɷɵɫɧɭɯ ɯɲɯ ɩʂɱɺɶɧ ɵɫɴɯɳ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɵɳ ɫɵɲɬɰ ɫɷɺɪɵɪɵ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧ ɶɷɬɯɳɺʀɬɸɹɩɬɴɴɵɬ ɶɷɧɩɵ ɶɵɱɺɶɱɯ ɮɧɶɷɬɹ ɴɧ ɶɬɷɬɫɧɾɺ ɧɱɽɯɰ ɫɵɲɬɰ ɹɷɬɹʃɯɳ ɲɯɽɧɳ ɯɲɯ ɱɵɴɱɺɷɬɴɹɧɳ ɵɨʆɮɧɴɴɵɸɹʃ ɶɬɷɬ ɫɧɩɧɹʃ ɫɷɺɪɯɳ ɺɾɧɸɹɴɯɱɧɳ ɸɵɪɲɧɿɬɴɯʆ ɫɯɩɯɫɬɴɫʂ ɯɲɯ ɯɴʂɬ ɩʂɶɲɧɹʂ ɶɵɲɺɾɬɴɴʂɬ ɩ ɸɩʆɮɯ ɸ ɶɷɧɩɵɳ ɺɾɧɸɹɯʆ ɩ ɱɵɷɶɵɷɧɽɯɯ