Английский язык. Типичные ошибки и как их избежать (90

Вопросы в косвенной речи

Ex. 40. 1). Use the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite in questions in the following text; 2). Put the questions into Indirect Speech, e.g.: He asked me whether I was a soldier by profession. I answered in the affirmative.

—Are you a soldier by profession?

—Yes.

—How long you (to be) in the army?

—Twenty-five years.

—When you (to join) the army?

—In 1932.

—Where you (to serve) during the war?

—First on the territory of the Ukraine, then in the Far East.

—You (to see) much fighting in the Ukraine?

—A good deal.

—How long you (to remain) there?

—For over a year.

—Why you (to be) sent to the Far East?

—I (to be) wounded.

—What sort of wound it (to be)?

—A bullet through the shoulder.

—How many times you (to be) wounded during the war?

—Three times.

We are sure you have overcome Level B and can pass on to

LEVEL C

Find the mistakes and correct them.

Ex. 41.

1.We reached our destination after a three-hours drive.

2.My parents never leave me stay out late at night.

3.The teacher told us to do Exercise 9 in page 23.

4.They were said to leave the room by noon.

5.Sally is an efficient secretary.

6.Joe met Sally in his way to the library.

7.For everyone's surprise, the Eagles won the cup.

8.Nicky is a very good friend of my.

Vocabulary: destination – место назначения, by noon – к по-

лудню, won the cup – выиграли кубок.

21

Ex. 42. Translate into English:

1. Туристы добрались до места назначения после пятичасового перелета. 2. Не позволяйте детям гулять допоздна. 3. Ко всеобщему удивлению нам велели освободить номер к вечеру. 4. Преподаватель задал нам второе упражнение на семьдесят пятой странице. 5. По дороге в университет я встретил старого приятеля. 6. Ему нужна квалифицированная помощница.

Ex. 43.

1.We spent the all day by the sea.

2.Greg goes to his work on foot

3.I'm writting to you from sunny Barbados.

4.When I left Peter hadn't stilt come. ?

5.Let's go to Mary's party, will we?

6.He's the most interesting person I`ve always met.

7.This fairy tale has many and nice pictures.

8.I have yet cooked the meal,

9.I don't like all the kinds of music.

10.John always is late for work.

11.She was never teached French.

12.He spoke in a very softly voice.

13.Do you know what is the time?

14.He told me to not bother the dog.

15.Paul couldn't manage to find a job. Ex. 44. Translate into English:

1.Всю эту неделю мы провели у озера. 2. Я пишу Вам, чтобы

сообщить о сбое в программе. 3. Когда я уходил, оператор еще не пришел. 4. Я в жизни не встречала интереснее человека. 5. Периферийное оборудование мы уже подключили. 6. Мне никакая живопись не нравится. 7. Том никогда не опаздывает на занятия в компьютерном классе. 8. Меня никогда не обучали водить автомобиль. 9. Сколько сейчас времени? Вы знаете, который час? 10. У Софии очень тихий голос. Но когда она велит детям не приставать (bother) к ней, они всегда слушаются (obey). 11. Я редко хожу на работу пешком.

Ex. 45.

1.The best way to know her is to talk to her.

2.He insisted to carry my suitcase.

3.I have been working here from 1992.

22

4.My sister is elder than me.

5.Each of them didn't have a car.

6.Do you know who did start the fight?

7.Ann has got three childs.

8.People are believing he stole the money

9.He asked me a cup of tea.

10.He has been standing their for an hour.

Vocabulary:

insist – настаивать; start the fight – начать драку, ссору; stole – украл.

Ex. 46. Translate into English:

1.Он настаивал на том, чтобы помочь мне. 2. Я живу в этом

городе с самого рождения. 3. Алекс старше, а не моложе Дэна. 4. Ни у кого из нас не было денег. 5. Вы знаете, кто прекратил строительство? 6. У нее двое детей. 7. Люди верят, это он угнал машину. 8. Он попросил у меня ручку и бумагу. 9. Ваша сестра сидит там уже целый час.

Ex. 47.

1.My flat is in the fourth floor.

2.I am waiting for you for an hour.

3.The shop was full with people.

4.Can I lend your book for a minute?

5.It is no need to finish it tonight.

6.She made a party for her birthday last Saturday.

7.I passed my holidays in Spain.

8.Tom past all his exams.

9.Can you talk Chinese?

10.Jerry is very high.

11.Ann was at the bus stop expecting the bus.

12.Steve enjoys to watch horror films.

13.Paul didn't have a difficulty learning to play the flute.

14.They refused to pay for the damages.

15.Sheila took three luggages with her.

Ex. 48. Translate into English.

1. Я была на остановке и ждала автобуса. 2. Наш офис находится на первом этаже. 3. Могу я позаимствовать у вас ручку буквально на минуту? 4. Племянник у меня очень большого роста. 5. Мы сдали благополучно все экзамены и хотим провести кани-

23

кулы в Египте. – А вы говорите по-арабски? – Нет, но я говорю по-английски. Мне не нужно учить арабский. В Египте полно людей, которые знают или понимают английский. – Желаю Вам приятного отдыха! – Спасибо. А после Египта мы и отметим мой день рожденья. Приходите! – Не откажусь.

Ex. 49. Look at the text below. Some lines are correct, so put a tick (•) next to them. Some others include an extra word which you must cross out.

1.Most people believe life on our planet will

2.certainly be very different in 100 years.

3.Some people think about that we may be living

4.on some one other planet, like Mars.

5.That could be happen because the population

6.on Earth will have increased so much. Others

7.believe that we won't need to eat a food,

8.as we do so now. Scientists may have discovered

9.food pills, which we will take them with a glass of

10.water. In this way, the problem of feeding the

11.billions of people on Earth will have be solved. Ex. 50. Translate into English:

Большинство полагает; одни думают, что; это могло бы случить-

ся; другие считают, что; как мы поступаем сейчас; может, к тому времени ученые откроют; таким образом проблема и будет решена.

Clauses of Purpose (Придаточные цели) Purpose is expressed by;

to – infinitive e.g. He is studying to be a lawyer. so that + will/can (present/future reference) e.g.

Ill take my umbrella so that I won't get wet,

so that + would/could (past reference) e.g. / took my umbrella so that I wouldn't get wet

Ex. 51. Translate into English.

1. Я учусь на программиста, а мой брат – на врача. 2. Я постараюсь овладеть облачными вычислениями (cloud computing) с тем, чтобы научить им других. 3. Туристы взяли с собой палатки, чтобы не промокнуть и не простудиться. 4. Нужно учить английский, чтобы чувствовать себя удобно (feel comfy) за границей. 5. Чтобы не опоздать на поезд, он взял такси. 6. Наша команда много тренировалась, чтобы выиграть кубок. 7. Ученые, может, придумают какиенибудь таблетки, чтобы нам не нужно было есть пищу, как сейчас.

24

ERROR CORRECTION

Ex. 52. Cross out the unnecessary words or put a tick (•) next to the correct lines as in the first two sentences.

1.The two main causes of air pollution •

2.in our cities are cars and factories. Both

3.release harmful gases into the air which

4.not only damage the atmosphere, but and also

5.cause breathing problems among city-dwellers,

6.By banning of cars from city centres and

7.increasing fines to be paid by companies which

8.allow their factories to make harm the environment,

9.we could to improve the condition of the

10.air in our cities by considerably.

Task 1. Translate the text.

Vocabulary:

cause – причина; вызывать pollution – загрязнение release – выпускать harmful – вредный

damage – (наносить) ущерб breathing – дыхание

city-dwellers – обитатели городов ban – не допускать

increase – повышать fine – штраф

improve – улучшить, исправить condition – состояние considerably – значительно.

Ex. 53. Change the text so that it can discuss water pollution. Use the words : water, sewerage, waste, rivers, lakes, seas, health.

Ex. 54. Find the mistakes and correct them.

1.My flat is in the fourth floor.

2.I am waiting for you for an hour.

3.The shop was full with people,

4.Can I lend your book for a minute?

5.It is no need to finish it tonight.

6.She made a party for her birthday last Saturday,

7.I passed my holidays in Spain.

25

8.Tom past all his exams.

9.Can you talk Chinese?

10.Jerry is very high.

11.Ann was at the bus stop expecting the bus,

12.Steve enjoys to watch horror films.

13.Paul didn't have a difficulty learning to play the flute.

14.They refused to pay for the damages.

15.Sheila took three luggages with her.

PRONOUNS

Both refers (относится ) to two people or things. It has a positive meaning and takes a verb in the plural. It is the opposite of neither/not either.

Torn and David are Welsh. Both Tom and Sarah are Welsh. Both of them are Welsh. They are both Welsh. Both boys are Welsh.

Neither (ни тот ни другой) is used before singular countables (исчисляемые существительные в единственном числе) . It refers to two people or things.

Neither of takes (согласуется с) a verb either in the singular or plural.

а) Neither of them is rich. b) Neither of them are rich. Neither man is rich.

None refers to more than two people or things. It has a negative meaning and isn't followed by a noun. None of can be used with nouns or object pronouns, followed by a verb either in the singular or plural. It is the opposite of all.

Tom, David and Peter haven't seen the play. a)None of the boys have seen the play. b) None of the boys has seen the play. c) None of the them have seen the play. d) None of them has seen the play.

All refers to more than two people or things. It has a positive meaning and takes a verb in the plural. It is the opposite of none.

All the guests enjoyed the performance. All of them were very pleased. They were all very pleased.

All + that clause means «everything» and takes a singular verb.

All that he wished for came true.

Ex. 55. Translate into English.

1. Мы все теоретики, никто из нас не владеет этим языком программирования. 2. Все, что вы говорите, очень интересно. 3. Никто из студентов не пропускает этих лекций. 4. Никто из них не спрашивал меня об этом. 5. Они все квалифицированные спе-

26

циалисты. 6. Ни тот ни другой у нас не учатся (не являются нашими студентами). 7. Вы оба сдали экзамен на «хорошо», вы значительно улучшили свои знания по математике.

Ex. 56. Choose between 'no one' and 'none' to use it in the following sentences:

1. ... tried to teach her anything. 2.... of us is perfect; we all make mistakes. 3. ... of us knew how ill she was. 4. I'm sure you heard it from

his duty yet. 8. We had ... to give us accurate information, let alone advice. 9. Philip slowly mounted the stairs. ... of his family was yet up. 10. I looked around the room, expecting to see piles of books; ... were visible. 11. ... of us knows how much he has suffered. 12. Since ... had an answer to his question, silence fell in the room. 13. He asked for food but his mother said there was ... . 14.... of the new men have been able to pass the test. 15. Of all the girls he phoned ... were at home. 16. During

A hundred yards or so from the cottage stood a brick house that looked unfinished. ... in the party gave it a second thought.

Ex. 57. Use 'both', 'either' or 'neither' in the following sentences:

1. We drove along a wide road with trees on ... side. 2. Ed and I were... very big men. 3. He invited us..., but I knew he felt it irregular; he did not want... of us at a family party. 4. The verandah stretched on ...

side of me. 5. The first apple pie of the season was on the table and a

accident. 10. «Which of the two newspapers would you like?» «Oh, ...

will do.» 11. She had brown shining hair which hung down on ... side of her face. 12. «What are you going to have, orange juice or Coke?» «... .

I'm not thirsty.» 13. «Tell ... your mother and father that I'm expecting

racket in ... hand. 16. By that time ... his sisters had got married. 17.

... in the Navy. 20. «What have you written, a short story or an essay?» «I'm afraid it doesn't come within ... description.» 21. «... the jars, the big one and the small one, are empty. You can take ... of them.» «I'm afraid

... will do.» 22. «She's either very ill or has gone away.» «What can one do about it in ... case?»

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS (myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)

▀Reflexive pronouns take the verbs like behave (вести себя) , burn (жечь), cut (резать), enjoy (радоваться, веселиться), hurt (поранить), kill (убить), look (смотреть), dry (сушить). In this case the subject and the object refer to one and the same person or thing. E.g.: They enjoyed themselves at the party.

▀Reflexive pronouns take the verbs like be, look, feel, seem, to describe emotions and situations. E.g.: Ellen was beside herself with anger.

▀Some verbs are not used, as a rule, with reflexive pronouns: wash, shave, (un)dress, meet, etc. E.g.: I am the first to wash as I am the first to wake up.

But these verbs can be used with reflexive pronouns when we speak about children or animals. E.g.: Harry can wash himself although he is only two years old.

Ex. 58. Supply reflexive pronouns for the following sentences where necessary.

1.We enjoyed ... at the dance. 2. She had made. .. very unpopular.

3.Why is she sitting all by ... in the dark? 4. Jessica looked at ... in the long mirror. 5. I liked having lodgings of my own, where I could be by … . 6. I closed the door behind ... 7. Every man is important to … at one time or another. 8. All day the children were beside ... with excitement. 9. The young leaves unfolded to their utmost and the fields generously spread... on either hand. 10. He was amiability .... 11. I found ... doing nearly all the talking.

Ex. 59. Underline the correct word

1.Janine tied / wrapped up her hair back with a ribbon.

2.Due to crashing waves the boat began to drown / sink.

3.He pulled / dragged the door open and walked into the shop.

4.It's a five-minute / ftve-moment walk to the bus stop from my

house.

5.Frances was listening / hearing to music on the radio.

28

6.My brother screams and behaves / treats like a baby whenever he can't have his own way.

7.If Susie works hard / hardly, she will get promoted.

8.He was killed / died in the plane crash.

9.The bag slipped from her hands and the groceries spread / scattered all over the street.

10.Peter is reading / studying for his final exams.

ERROR CORRECTION

Ex. 60. Look at the text below. Some lines are correct, so put a tick (•) next to them. Some others include an extra word which you must cross out.

1.It is be believed that the first form of football ………….

2.originated around 1,000 BC in China where it ………….

3.was being called 'Isu-chu’. In the western world, ………….

4.the earliest references to the game can be found ………….

5.in Homer's poetry from where it was known ………….

6.as 'episkuros». According to some, football's ………….

7.popularity spread from Greece to the Rome, from ………….

8.where the Romans had took it to Britain. The ………….

9.birthday of modern football is in October 26th ………….

10.1863, which is when the Football Association ………….

11.made then its first set of rules. ………….

Ex. 61. Underline the correct word.

1.It’s a three-hour voyage / journey to and from work.

2.Samurai warriors / soldiers were well known for their bravery.

3.Jason got himself into an embarrassing situation / condition when he wrongly accused Paul of stealing his watch.

4.Janet and I are partners / colleagues as we work at the same company.

5.Thomas Edison was a famous explorer / inventor. he created many things that had never been made before.

6.We’re going to draw / paint the kitchen in the spring. Ex. 62. Translate the questions.

1.Сколько времени занимает дорога на работу и домой?

2.Чем были знамениты воины-самураи?

3.Почему Джейсон поставил себя в неловкое положение?

4.Как называются люди, работающие в одной компании?

5.Что изобрел Томас Эдисон?

6.Когда они собираются красить кухню?

29

A piece of useful information

NEED can take an –ing form or a passive infinitive. e.g. Your hair needs cutting. = Your hair needs to be cut. Put the verb in the correct forms.

1.Your shoes need (polish). 2. Your trousers need (iron). 3. My kitchen needs (paint)/ 4. These mistakes need (correct). 5. The disk needs (clean).

Ex. 63. Find the mistakes (both grammar and lexical) and correct them.

1.Terry is elder than me.

2.Last week I went to visit my own uncle in Bristol.

3.The students were hearing to their teacher explain the problem.

4.Paul went on work early today.

5.The boy was laying on the bed, fast asleep.

6.She understood her mistake and blushed in embarrassment.

7.Where should I put all these furniture?

8.She is the girl who she saw the murder.

9.We must hurry; we have no time to loose.

10.When you will come back, I’ll tell you all about it.

Vocabulary: explain – объяснять

fast asleep – крепко спящий blushed – вспыхнуть, покраснетъ

embarrassment – смущение, замешательство.

Ex. 64. Cross out the unnecessary words, or put a tick next to the correct lines, as in the examples.

1.During our holidays, I decided to go on a skiing trip.

2.My friends and I we left on a snowy morning.

3.We’re been looking forward to arriving at the ski

4.resort by late afternoon. Unfortunately, we got caught in

5.a heavy snowstorm while be driving on the motorway.

6.My friend told me to stay calm and helped me put

7.the chains on the tyres. When we finally arrived, the snow

8.was fresh and perfect for the skiing. We skied all day

9.and then we relaxed in a beautiful ski lodge.

10.It was a very much nice ski trip after all.

Ex. 65. Find the mistakes and correct them. 1. While I get ready for school, I listen music.

30