Английский язык. Развитие навыков по прямому и обратному переводу (90
.pdfTranslate the text using translation rules from Russian into English. You may also use the text Bank Robbers Go Electronic.
Российских хакеров американские суды признавали виновными
За последние десять лет американское правосудие добралось до 3 российских хакеров: жителя Санкт-Петербурга Владимира Левина и 2 жителей Челябинска – Василия Горшкова и Алексея Иванова. Питерского хакера, микробиолога по образованию, обвинили в том, что он взломал компьютерную сеть американского «СитиБанка» в Нью-Йорке. В период с 30 июня по 3 октября 1994 года Левин перевел крупные суммы на различные частные счета в Хельсинки, Дюссельдорф и Тель-Авив. По подсчетам «СитиБанка», россиянин успел похитить 400 тысяч долларов. Однако сотрудники ФБР утверждали, что сумма украденного составила более 12 миллионов долларов. Следствие насчитало около ста несанкционированных проникновений в закрома «Сити-Банка», половина из которых была прямой командой на перечисление денег. Засекли Левина по его же неосторожности – он не уничтожил следы своего пребывания в компьютерной системе банка.
Британская служба безопасности МИ-5 нашла людей в Англии, опять же русских, причастных к незаконному переводу денег, и заставила их пригласить Левина в гости. Там он и был задержан, а потом передан правоохранительным органам США. 24 февраля 1998 года суд южного округа Нью-Йорка приговорил Левина к 36 месяцам тюрьмы, хотя до суда ему обещали максимальное наказание в 60 лет. Его партнеры, которые снимали переведенные им деньги с зарубежных счетов, отделались символическими сроками и сейчас живут в Соединенных Штатах. Левин тоже уже вышел из тюрьмы и, по некоторым данным, сейчас живет в Праге. Он включен в список самых выдающихся хакеров мира, который возглавляет также отсидевший свой срок американец Кевин Митник.
Двух программистов из Челябинска – Василия Горшкова и Алексея Иванова – в 2001 году правоохранительные органы США обвинили во взломе компьютерных сетей американских компаний. Чтобы выманить их из России, спецслужбы Соеди-
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ненных Штатов даже создали подставную компанию «Инвита». Она и пригласила наших программистов в Америку, чтобы те улучшили систему компьютерной безопасности этой компании. Горшков и Иванов приехали в Сиэтл, где показали «представителям» «Инвиты» свое искусство хакеров. После этого их тут же арестовали агенты ФБР. На суде главным доказательством их вины послужили сведения, добытые ФБР несанкционированно – агенты просто «вскрыли» компьютер Горшкова. Поэтому сотрудники ФСБ обвинили американских коллег в неправомерном доступе к информации и даже собирались возбудить в России уголовное дело. Однако столь серьезного развития событий удалось избежать. Василия Горшкова приговорили к трем годам тюремного заключения и штрафу в 690 тысяч долларов. Горшков вернулся на родину в прошлом году. Иванову дали 4 года. Он должен выйти из заключения этим летом.
Work in teams. Read and translate the poem. Learn it by heart.
1.Give а rough variant for this poem
2.Give a good poetic variant
Valentine’s Day
Valentine`s Day is a special day,
So, give them a heart, is what I say
People give cards, candy and hearts,
Others give flowers from their yards.
Kids have parties to celebrate,
February the 14th is the date,
Games and food are part of the fun
With Valentine for everyone.
On Valentine`s Day it’s fun to show
You care for a person who doesn’t know,
It’s the right time to say, «I love you»
Remember to tell your family, too!
Emily Bakes
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Work in teams. Read and translate the poem. Learn it by heart.
1.Give а rough variant for this poem
2.Give a good poetic variant
Don’t Quit
When things go wrong, as they sometimes will,
When the road you are trudging seems all up hill,
When the funds are low and the debts are high,
And you want to smile but you have to sigh,
When care is pressing you down a bit,
Rest, if you must, but don’t you quit!!!
Life is queer with its twists and turns,
As everyone of us sometimes learns,
And many a failure turns about,
When he might have won –had he stuck it out!
Don’t give up, though the pace seems slow,
You may succeed with another blow,
Success is a failure turned inside out,
The silver tint of the cloud of doubt,
And you never can tell, how close you are,
It may be near, when it seems so far!
So, stick to the fight, when you are hardest hit,
It’s when things seem worst, that you mustn’t quit!!!;-)
Study the following table.
4 типа глаголов
1. Модальные глаголы (can, may, must):
при построении вопросов меняют свое место в предложении, не требуя вспомогательных глаголов,
при построении отрицаний после себя имеют еще и частицу
«not».
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She can swim. Can she swim? She cannot (can’t) swim.
2. Вспомогательные глаголы (do, does, did, have/has, shall, will):
участвуют в построении вопросов и отрицаний со смысловыми глаголами.
He worked in Spain last year. Did he work in Spain last year? No, he didn’t work in Spain last year.
e.g. What do you do? What does he do?
3. Смысловые глаголы (to swim, to read, to cook, to like, do/does, have/has, etc):
при построении вопросов требуют вспомогательных глаголов,
при построении отрицаний требуют вспомогательного гл.(в соответствии с временем, числом и лицом) и частицу «not».
John attends a sport-club every Sunday. Does John attend a sport club every Sunday?
No, John doesn’t attend a sport club every Sunday.
4. Глагол – to be (I – am, you, we, they – are, he, she, it – is – present; I, he, she, it – was, you, we, they – were – past; will be (разгов. речь), I, we – shall be – future):
при построении вопросов меняют свое место в предложении, не требуя вспомогательных глаголов,
при построении отрицаний после себя имеют еще и частицу
«not».
She is a student. Is she a student? No, she isn’t a student.
The children are watching TV at the moment. Are the children watching TV at the moment? No, the children aren’t watching TV at the moment.
4 типа вопросов (5 – исключение)
1. Общий General (требует ответа «да/нет»).
Can she swim? Does she like to listen to jazz music? Are you Mr. Black?
2. Альтернативный Alternative «or» (требует выбора «или» и начинается так же, как и общий).
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Can she swim or run fast? Does she like to listen to jazz or pop? Are you Mr. Black or Mr. Brown?
3.Специальный (косвенный). Special (wh/h – what? Why? Where? How? With whom?).
How can she swim? Why does she like to listen to jazz music? Where is Mr. Black?
4.Разделительный (начинается так же, как повествовательное предложение):
а) She can swim, can’t she? (it – животные+неодушевл предметы, they – все лица).
b) She cannot swim, can she? (в конце – только местоимение!!!).
a) She likes to listen to jazz music, doesn’t she?
b) She doesn’t like to listen to jazz music, does she? (в конце – только местоимение!!!)
a) You are Mr. Black, aren’t you?
b) You aren’t Mr. Black, are you? (в конце – только местоимение!!!)
5.Вопрос к подлежащему Who/What? – не требует вспомо-
гательного глагола (согласуется с 3 лицом ед. числом!!!!! там, где это возможно, см. по глаголу в утвердительной форме.
Who can swim? Who likes to listen to jazz music? Who is Mr. Black?
Grammar Part
I. Tenses: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense-form and translate. Use the table 4 типа глаголов:
1. They (to go) to the theatre last week. 2. They (to be) to the theatre twice this week. 3. He (to come home), (to have) a short rest, (to read) an article from the latest magazine and (to begin) to prepare his lessons. 4. When (to return) your friend from the South? – She (to return ) yesterday. – You (to go) to the station to meet her? – No, I (not to go). I (to be) too busy. 5. I (to try) to learn English for years, but I (not to make) good progress yet. 6. She usually (to come) home late. 7. When Jane (arrive), they (to have) dinner.8. How long you (to know) him? – I (to know) him since 1965. 9. When it (to happen)?
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10. Yesterday (to be) my day off. I normally (to wake up) early on my day off, but sometimes I (not to get up) at once. I (to get up) at eight o’clock yesterday. 11. She (not to be) at home now. She (to play) tennis. 12. Where (to be) your son? – He (not to come) home from school yet. I think he still (to play) football. 13. You (to read) any English newspapers lately? 14. I (to know) her all my life and we always (to be) good friends. 15. You (to see) that girl in the corner? You (to think) she (to wait) for someone? 16. I (to think) of buying a new PC. My old one (not to work) at all. 17. You (to be) ever to the Crimea? When (to be) you there? – I (to stay) there for 2 months in 2004. I (remember) I (to like) everything there, and most of all I (to enjoy) the sea. 18. When I (to enter) the kitchen, I (to see) that my mother (to stand) at the table and (to cut) some cabbage. 19. Where (to be) Tom? I (not to know). I (not to see) him today. 20. I can’t help being angry with you. You (to sit) here all the time doing nothing. 21. The game (to begin) at 7 o’clock and (to last) for 3 hours. We all (to enjoy) it. 22. Look at these pictures. How you (to like) our city? 23. Who you (to discuss) this question with last night? I (to discuss) it with my friends. 24. I (to live) near my office and it (not to take) me long to get to work. 25. Some of our students (to join) the English club to get a better command of the language. Most of them already (to make) good progress.
II. Tenses: Translate from Russian into English:
1.Петр еще спит? – Нет, он уже проснулся.
2.Как Лена добирается до университета? – Она обычно ездит на трамвае.
3.Привет, что ты сейчас делаешь? – Я проверяю мой компьютер на вирусы.
4.Когда молодой человек вошел в комнату, она посмотрела на него с удивлением. «Что ты хочешь мне сказать? Зачем ты пришел?»
5.Почему ты включил свет? Сейчас еще вполне светло.
6.Гордиться еще рано. Ты еще не получил результаты экзаменов.
7.Эта книга лежит здесь уже 2 недели. Кто ее принес?
8.Когда ты видел Бена последний раз?
9.Вчера игра началась вовремя?
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10. Я видела Сашу сегодня. Мы вместе ехали из университета.
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense:
1.I……………(go) for a walk in the countryside last Sunday.
2.While …………………(walk) across a field, I ……………..(meet) a man called Stan. 3. He……………….(to be) a bank manager a year ago but he ……………….(to leave) his job and felt very depressed.
4.Then he said to me: «I …………..(sleep) beside a river last night.
5.But if it ……………..(to rain) tonight, I ……………..(stay) at a hotel». 6. An important file……………(to disappear)from my office.
7.It ………………….(snow) since this morning. 8. I can’t go any further. I………………….(sit) on that bench for a while. 9. The new play ……………….(to open) at the New Theatre next week. 10. The door in front of us ……………………..(to open) automatically in a few moments. 11. Tonight……………..(to check) the timetable for the football matches. 12. I am sure he…………………..(to get) the job, he is such an experienced person.
2.Complete the sentences with appropriate verbs. Use the same verb for each sentence in the pair. Use either the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.
1.A lot of people ……………….about the painting, and I always say it’s not for sale. (ask)
2.The police ……………..me several questions about my car before they let me go. (ask)
3.Until she retired last month, she …………...in the customer complaints department. (work)
4.Sullivan………….hard to change the rules and says that campaign will go on. (work)
5.I …………………..skiing ever since I lived in Switzerland. (enjoy)
6.She once ………………the support of the majority of the Democratic Party. (enjoy)
7.His father……………….so many complaints about the noise that he told Chris to sell his drums. (receive)
8. We …………….over 50 letters of support in the recent 10 days. (receive)
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9.The Bible………..more copies than any other book.(sell)
10.When it became clear that he would be moving to Austria, we…………..the house to my brother. (sell)
3.Complete the dialogue:
– Hello, Tim!
– Hello, Ben! That’s my house there!!!
………………………………………………………….?
– My house is the one with the man outside.
………………………………………………………….?
– The man outside the house is my granddad.
………………………………………………………….?
– We bought the house 2 years ago.
…………………………………………………………?
– Those men over there are my cousins.
………………………………………………………….?
– No, they don’t live with us.
………………………………………………………….?
– No, my granddad doesn’t live with us either.
4.Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
1.Never/he/his wife’s/birthday/forgets
2.Usually/she/wake up/doesn’t/early
3.Always/he/has/to travel/abroad/wanted
4.Rarely/he/at night/goes out
5.To do/anything/they /want/do/?
Passive. Grammar exercises
I. Make changes whatever necessary according to the time signals:
1. Morning papers are sold every day (now, an hour ago, in five minutes, time). 2. A new story has been written by Valentin Rasputin (a month ago, now, recently). 3. Miss Wilson is sent there on business (next month, last year). 4.The guests were shown many interesting things yesterday. (lately, when they come to Kiev). 5. Richard is listened to very attentively (if he keeps to the subject, when he spoke about his trip, now).
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II. Change the following sentences into their passive equivalents:
а) using by-object.
1.Sometimes passengers leave things behind in the plane.
2.The audience recognized the popular melody.
3.Mr. Russel will make the opening speech.
4.The receptionist is greeting the colonel pleasantly.
5.A good tailor can fix these clothes easily.
6.Mr. Humfries has run Bertram’s hotel for years.
b) without using by-object.
1.He introduced Eliza to Mrs. Higgins.
2.They have invited many people to the party.
3.Somebody wants you on the phone.
4.The Customs officer asked me what I had to declare.
5.They speak French, German, Italian in Switzerland.
6.The hostess placed a steaming dish on the table.
7.People always laugh at funny stories.
8.Everyone is talking much about the new movie.
III. Open the brackets using the Passive Voice:
1.We (to wake up)…… by the noise in the street in the morning.
2.These days tickets to the Bolshoi Theatre can…………….. (to book) with difficulty.
3.My friend ………….(to send) to Bulgaria to lecture on economics next month.
4.Currency ……usually ……………(to declare) at the Customs.
5.Don’t worry. Her children……………(to look after) by the babysitter at the moment.
6.A lot of good programmes ……………….. (to install) into my old PC by my friend yesterday.
7.A few minutes later his things ……….. (to pack) in a suit-case.
8.Ok, don’t worry, the telegram ………… (to send) immediately.
9.No, your watch is not ready, it …………………. (to fix) now.
10.Much data can ………….. (to store) on a flash-disk.
11.Unfortunalety a lot of files………………. (to delete) from my PC by my little sister recently.
12.Disks must………………. (to treat) with care if you do not want to damage them.
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13.Damage …..usually…………….. (to cause) by physical strain, dust, fingermarks, sunlight, heat and magnetism, depending on the type of media used.
14.The storage capacity of every disk …………. (to limit) to a certain amount of Kb.
15.Digital camera is a device that……………. (to use) to take digital images of an object.
16.The picture ………….. (to store) electronically and
………….. (to edit) using a PC.
17.Most machines in the past………………. (to design) only one type of job.
18.The electronic memory inside a computer …………… (to limit)and can hold data when the PC ………………. (to switch on).
19.My PC ……………… (to check) for viruses yesterday from 3 till 5 p.m.
20.Unfortunately the backup copy of this file…………... (to do).
The Passive Voice
Change the following sentences in the passive:
1.They asked me my name and address.
2.Someone told us a very funny story yesterday,
3.The people gave him a hearty welcome
4.They have offered my brother a very good job.
5.The house agents were showing us the new apartments form 3 to 4 p.m. yesterday
6.The secretary didn’t tell me the exact time of my appointment
7.The judge will give him a fair trial
8.They have never taught that rude person good manners.
9.The teacher hasn’t asked Peter any questions in this lesson.
10.People wished the newly married couple a long and happy
life.
11.They never tell me the family news.
12.The examiners didn’t give us enough time to answer all the questions.
13.A guide will show the tourists most of the sights of London.
14.Mr. Brat didn’t tell me the whole truth.
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