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.pdfМинистерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования
«Хабаровская государственная академия экономики и права»
Е. Г. Дроздова, Ю. В. Жабская
Английский язык
Сборник упражнений для самостоятельной работы по грамматике английского языка для
студентов II курса всех специальностей дневной формы обучения ХГАЭП
Часть 2
Хабаровск 2008
2
ББК Ш 143.21
X 12
Английский язык : сборник упражнений по грамматике английского языкадля студентов II курса всех специальностей дневной формы обучения ХГАЭП. Ч. 2 / сост. Е. Г. Дроздова, Ю. В. Жабская. – Хабаровск : РИЦ ХГАЭП, 2008. – 80 с.
Рецензенты : Т.Н. Лобанова, доцент каф. лингвистики и
межкультурной коммуникации ТОГУ, канд. пед. наук; Гирина И. Г., завкафедрой перевода и
переводоведения ДВГГУ, канд. филолог. наук.
Утверждено издательско-библиотечным советом в качестве сборника
упражнений
Учебное издание
Е. Г. Дроздова, Ю. В. Жабская
Английский язык
Сборник упражнений для самостоятельной работы по грамматике английского языка для
студентов II курса всех специальностей дневной формы обучения ХГАЭП Часть 2
Редактор Г.С. Одинцова
Подписано в печать |
Формат 60х84/16. |
Бумага писчая. |
Печать офсетная. Усл. п.л.4,7. |
Уч.-изд. л.3,3. |
Тираж 200 экз. |
Заказ № |
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680042, Хабаровск, ул. Тихоокеанская, 134, ХГАЭП, РИЦ
© Хабаровская государственная академия экономики и права, 2008
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Unit 1. |
The Infinitive / the –ing form |
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Forms of the Infinitive |
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Active |
Passive |
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Present |
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(to) lose |
(to) be lost |
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Pres. Cont. |
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(to) be losing |
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Perfect |
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(to) have lost |
(to) have been lost |
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Perf. Cont. |
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(to) have been losing |
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The perfect infinitive is more or less frequent after verbs of mental perception, the verbs to seem, to happen, to appear and a few others. It shows that the action took place before the action of the predicate verb.
The verb tenses corresponding to the tenses of the infinitive are as follows:
Verb tenses |
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infinitive |
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he works / will work |
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to work |
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he is working / will be working |
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to be working |
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he worked / has worked / had |
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worked / will have worked |
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to have worked |
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he was working / has been |
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working / had been working / |
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will have been working |
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→ |
to have been working |
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Forms of the – ing form |
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Active |
Passive |
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Simple |
losing |
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being lost |
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Perfect |
having lost |
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having been lost |
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USE
The bare infinitive is used:
•after modal verbs (can, should, must, etc.). е.g. Не should apologise to his parents.
ВUТ: Ought is followed by to -infinitive. е.g. She ought to find а job.
•after the verbs let, make, see, hear and feel. е.g. They saw her talk to the manager.
ВUТ: be made, be heard, be seen + to – infinitive (passive). е.g. She was seen to talk to the manager.
When see, hear and watch are followed by an –ing form, there is no change in the passive. е.g. I saw her getting into а taxi. She was seen getting into а taxi.
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can/could + see/hear + -ing form. е.g. We could see smoke coming out of the building.
•after had better and would rather. е.g. You had better see а doctor.
•Help is followed by either the to -infinitive or the bare infinitive. е.g. She helped me (to) fill in my application form.
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The to –infinitive is used: |
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The –ing form is used: |
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to express purpose( in order or so as + |
as a noun. е.g. Cycling is а popular form |
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to-infinitive; so (that) is used to express |
of exercise. |
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purpose in the following situations: a) |
after certain verbs (admit, advise, |
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with can or could; b) when the purpose is |
anticipate, appreciate, avoid, complete, |
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negative; c) when the subject of the main |
consider, continue, delay, deny, discuss, |
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clause is different from the subject of the |
dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel |
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purpose clause . |
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like(= want), finish, forget, forgive, go on |
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after |
certain |
verbs(afford, |
agree, |
(= continue), give up, imagine, involve, |
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appear, arrange, decide, expect, fail, |
keep (= continue), mention, mind, miss, |
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forget, happen, hope, intend, learn, |
postpone, practice, prevent, quit, recall, |
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manage, mean, need, offer, plan, |
recollect, recommend, regret, remember, |
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prepare, |
pretend, |
promise, |
prove, |
report, resent, resist, risk, save, stand, |
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refuse, seem, |
threaten, want, wish). |
е.g. |
stop, suggest, tolerate, understand, etc.). |
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Не promised to help us with the |
е.g. They considered moving abroad. |
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decorations. |
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after: dislike, enjoy, hate, like, love, |
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after adjectives which : а) describe |
prefer to express general preference. е.g. |
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feelings/emotions (happy, glad, etc.), b) |
She likes painting. |
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express |
willingness |
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ВUТ: would like/would love/would prefer + to – |
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(willing, |
eager, |
reluctant, |
anxious, |
inf to express specific preference. е.g. I would |
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unwilling, etc.), |
с) refer to а person's |
like to paint your portrait. |
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character |
(mean, clever, etc.) and also |
after expressions such as be busy, it s nо |
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with |
the |
adjectives |
lucky |
and |
use, it's (nо) good, it s (not) worth, what s |
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fortunate. е.g. I was annoyed to hear that |
the use of, can't help, there s nо point |
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he had left. Не is reluctant to help. You |
(in), can't stand, have difficult (in), have |
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were clever not to believe them. |
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trouble, have |
а hard/difficult time, |
etc. |
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Note: With adjectives which refer to character |
e.g. What' s |
the use of waiting for |
an |
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we can also use an impersonal construction.It + |
answer? She is busy writing the wedding |
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be + adjective + of + noun/ pronoun. е.g. It was |
invitations. |
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clever of you not to believe them. |
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after: spend, waste, lose (time, money, |
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after certain nouns and pronouns such |
etc.). е.g. We wasted а lot of time trying to |
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as something, |
somewhere, |
anyone, |
find а parking space. |
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nothing, etc. usually to show that some thing is necessary or possible. е.g. We've got а lot of homework to do.
after too/enough. e.g. She is too young to stay out so late.
with it + be + adjective/noun е.g. It is important to get there on time.
to talk about an unexpected event which can be unpleasant, usually with only. е.g. She came home to find her sister waiting for her.
after: be + the first/second, etc./nеxt/lаst/bеst, etc. е.g. Не was the first to arrive.
after verbs and expressions such as ask, learn, find out, wonder, want to know, decide, explain ,remember, forget, understand, etc. when they are followed by question words (who, what, where, how, etc.). 'Why' is followed by а subject
+ verb, not by an infinitive. е.g. Не explained how to operate the machine. I
don' t know why he left.
Note: If two to -infinitives are joined with 'and’ or 'or', the 'to' of the second infinitive can be omitted. е.g. Не agreed to come and help us.
after verbs with prepositions( accuse of, apologise for, approve/disapprove of, congratulate on, decide against, dream of, forgive for insist on, thank for, think about/of, prevent from, stop from, suspect of, warn against).
after adjectives (afraid of, busy in, capable of, disappointed at, engaged in, excited about, fond of, good at, guilty of, indignant at, interested in, keen on, pleased at, proud of, responsible for, tired of, sure of, surprised at ).
after the preposition 'to' with verbs and expressions such as look forward to, be used to, get round to, object to, in addition to, prefer (doing sth to doing sth else), etc. е.g. She objects to working on
Saturdays.
after the verbs: hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, and feel to describe an incomplete action, that is to say that somebody saw, heard, etc. only а part of the action. е.g. I listened to James singing а song. (I listened to part of the song. I
didn't listen to the whole song.)
BUТ: hear, listen to, notice, see, watch, feel + bare infinitive to describe а complete action, something that somebody saw, heard, etc. from beginning to end. е.g. I listened to James sing а song. (I listened to the song from beginning to end.)
Subject of the infinitive / -ing form
The subject of the infinitive or the -ing form is omitted when it is the same as the subject of the main verb. е.g. I would like to help with the preparations.
When it is different, however, it is not omitted. The subject of theinfinitive can be an object pronoun, а пате or а помп. е.g. I would like her/Mary/my assistant to help with the preparations.
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The subject of the -ing form can be an object pronoun, а possessive adjective, а name or а possessive case. е.g. I remember him/his/Stеvе/Stеvе’s winning the gold medal.
We use for + noun/pronoun to introduce the subject of the infinitive in the following cases:
а) with verbs such as arrange, hope, long, prepare, ask, wait, etc. е.g. We’ve
arranged for the plumber to come tomorrow.
b) with adjectives such as anxious, cheap, convenient, dangerous, difficult, important, necessary, etc. е.g. I’m anxious for Beth to go to university.
с) with nouns such as advantage, disadvantage, demand, disaster, idea, mistake, etc. е.g. It was а mistake for you to lend him the money.
d) with too/enough. е.g. It was easy enough for her to find а job.
е) when the to -infinitive expresses purpose. е.g. There are benches for people to sit on in the park.
1. In your notebook, copy the dialogue underlining all the infinitives and adding to where it is required.
Two friends, Alex and Megan, are talking.
А: Megan, where were you last night? I tried to find you but I couldn't sее уоu anywhere. James says he didn't see you come in to the party.
М: Yes Alex, that' s right. I’m sorry. My parents wouldn't let me come out last night. I wanted see уоu — honestly I did.
А: Why did your parents make you stay in? They usually allow you go out in the evenings, don't they?
М: Yes, but I hadn't finished doing my homework. And they refused let me go out until I had.
А: Oh dear, poor you. Oh well, never mind. Let' s do something tonight instead.
М: ОК. Actually, I’d like see that new film.
А: Would you? I suppose it might be quite good but I’d rather just go out to the cafe. I was hoping have а chance talk to you properly.
М: Well, why not do both? We could go to the early showing of the film and then go to the cafe.
А: I’m not sure I can afford go to the cinema.
М: That' s all right. I’ve got some money. А; So what time would you like meet, then?
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М: Six о'clock I suppose — in the cinema. I’ll try get there а bit earlier and buy the tickets.
2. Fill in the correct form of the infinitive.
Eg: She seems……….(loose) her job. → She seems to have lost her job.
1.The weather seems ……………………………………… (improve) . Let’s go out.
2.She appears………………………………………. (work) on her position for hours.
3. She has decided …………………………………………..…… (accept) my offer.
4.I’m hoping ………………….. (leave) by then so I won’t be able to come with you.
5.This carpet is filthy; it really needs ……………..…………………….. (clean) soon.
6.The waste from the power station is said ……. (pollute) the atmosphere for months.
7.It will be much too hot ……………………….……………………….. (wear) a coat.
8.You must have been thirsty ………………….……..………… (drink) all that water.
9.He appears ………… …………………………...... (injure) as a result of the fight.
10.You’re not expected …………..............................…(pay) the whole amount today.
11.The report was supposed ……………………………..……. (finish) two hour ago.
12.It was very cold earlier on today but it seems …………………… (warm up) now.
13.He claims …………………………………..(discover) a cure for the common cold.
14.Can I trust you ……………………………..………… (work) too hard these days.
15.I’ve looked everywhere, but the file appears .…………………….……(misplace).
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Не is not old enough ........................................................... |
(allow) to stay out late. |
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Since her illness she seems ….................................................. |
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(find) work difficult. |
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Although Jаnе hopes ………... (invite) to the embassy dinner, it is unlikely that |
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she will be. |
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The little dog seems ........................................................................ |
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(lose) its master. |
20 I don' t think I’ll be able to make it tomorrow. I’m supposed |
.......... (meet) Jаnе for |
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lunch. |
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3. Write the appropriate form of the infinitive.
Eg: I think he left. He must …have left…………………..
1. I think they will come. They must…………….............
2. I think she is studying. She must ……………..............
3.I think it will be delivered. It must ………………....…
4.I think he was fired. He must ........................................
5.I think they were arguing. They must ............................
6.I think he is lying. Не must ............................................
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7.I think they had been waiting for her. They must
8.I think she has typed it. She must ...................................
9.I think she had written it. She must .........................................
10. I think they will be staying. They must .. ……………..
4. Fill in the correct infinitive tense.
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А: What would you like ...to do... (do) tonight? |
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В: Let' s ............................ |
(go) to an Italian restaurant. |
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А: What' s Liz doing? |
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В: She seems ............... |
(Iook) for something in her bag. |
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А: Alan has been offered а new job! |
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В: No, he hasn' t. Не just pretended .................... |
(offer) а new job. |
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А: Colin claims ................................. |
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(meet) lots of famous people. |
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В: I know, but I don' t believe him. |
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А: Look at those two men outside. What are they doing? |
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В: They appear ................................... |
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(empty) the rubbish bins. |
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А: Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? |
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В: Not really. I would prefer ............................ |
(go) to the theatre. |
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А: Tara seems ............................................. |
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(work) hard all morning. |
В: Yes, she hasn' t even stopped for а cup of coffee. 19. А: Why is Tom at work so early this morning?
В: He wants ............................... (finish) early so that he can go to the concert tonight.
5. Open the brackets and choose the infinitive in the active or passive voice.
1. They are glad (invite/be invited) to the party. 2. I don’t like (interrupt/be interrupted). 3. He will be happy (see/be seen) you. 4. I was glad (meet/be met) at the station. 5. Children like (tell/be told) tales and always (listen/be listened) to them with interest. 6. I did not think (inter rupt/be interrupted) you. 7. Не is glad (send/be sent) abroad. 8. Не likes (ask/be asked) his professor questions. 9. Не does not like (ask/be asked) questions because he does not know how to answer them. 10. Ве careful with him. Не is а very resentful person. Не can' t bear (joke/be joked at). 11. Не does not like (laugh/be laughed) at other people. 12. Look, а ship can (see/be seen) in the distance. Can you (see/be seen) it?
6. Use the infinitive in brackets in the appropriate form.
1. I’m afraid it will be his destiny (throw out) in the street.
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2.Не tried various numbers at random, but without success. It was funny, he seemed (lose) his knack.
3.Не was а lucky old man (buy) before art became а branch of greed.
4.Не can not bear (remind) of what he might have missed.
5.His answers became increasingly brief, he hardly seemed (listen) any more.
6.The old man began to confess he was а fool (spend) so much of his life in а city,
(leave) himself so little time to enjoy this.
7.I liked in them the things they did not want (like) for.
8."Well, there were worse types of human being. I might almost claim (be) one myself, once, long ago."
9.This time Jean did not', wait (attack).
10.I was not wholly surprised (hear) his voice on the telephone an hour later.
11.She sprang up from the armchair in which she appeared (doze).
12."Oh Goodness, 1 seem (blurt out) the secret."
13.Не is said (injure) in а car accident.
14.She was thought (shop) in Regent Street.
15.I’am very sorry (involve) you in this.
16.She was prepared (think) unreasonable, but not silly.
17.Не is а great talker not (trust) further.
18.There was an ad in our local paper put in by а man with а collection of stamps (sell).
7. Express each question and answer as one sentence, using to + infinitive. Note that you will need to change some words.
1 Q: Why do you go to the beach every |
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Q: Why are you going out? |
weekend? |
А: I want to post а card to my mother. |
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А: Because I like swimming. |
Не............................................................... |
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She goes to the beach every weekend to |
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Q: Why are you saving money? |
swim. |
А: We want to buy а car. |
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2 Q: Why did you move to London? |
They…………………………………… |
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А: I wanted to find work. |
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Q: Why are you going to Egypt? |
Не…………………………………… |
А: We want to visit Ali's parents. |
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3 Q: Why are you leaving home? |
They…………………………………… |
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А: I’m going to university in |
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Q: Why did you buy а new suit? |
Birmingham. |
А: I want to wear it at the office party. |
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She……………………………………. |
Не............................................................... |
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4 Q: Why are you having а party? |
10 Q: Why did you buy а video recorder? |
А: It' s my thirtieth birthday, and I want |
А: We want to record the World Cup |
to celebrate it. |
Final. |
Не.............................................................. |
They............................................................ |
5 Q; Why do you get up at six every |
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morning? |
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А: I do my training then. |
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She ..................................................... |
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8. Rephrase the following sentences, as in the example.
1.She has grown taller. She seems ……..to have grown taller
2.Не is getting used to his new job. Не appears ...............................
3.Kate makes friends easily. She tends ............................................
4.Не has finished the report. Не claims ............................................
5.It is raining over there. It seems ...................................................
6.Не is on а diet. Не appears ...........................................................
7.They have sailed round the world. They claim .............................
8.She is feeling better. She seems ...........................................................
9. Не must wash the car. I want ...him to wash the oar......................
10.You mustn' t be late for work. I don' t want ................................
11.Claire must tidy her bedroom. I want ..........................................
12.She mustn' t go to the disco. I dont want .....................................
13.They must go to school tomorrow. I want ...................................
14.Gary mustn' t make so much noise. I don' t want ...........................
15.You mustn' t make а mess. I don' t want .........................................
16.Не must mend his bike. I want ........................................................
9. Use either the full or the bare infinitive according to the context.
1.She made mе (wait) for half an hour.
2.The pupil was made (revise) the new grammar rules.
3.She did not dare (argue) with the principal.
4.How dare you (come) gate crashing like this!
5.She might have had her objections, but she dared not (say) а word.
6.I’d like you (join) us.
7.I think we should (start) early in the morning. It may (become) hot later.