4345

44. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive form or the -ing form.

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45.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive form or the -ing form.

46.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive form or the -ing form.

а cup of cocoa in his hand. I’d like 5)……………………. (help) sometimes when

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47. Complete this article by forming а word from the word given in capitals at the end of each line.

48. Read this article and choose the correct answer А, В, С or D to fill each gap.

in the media in one way or another. The kind of people they admire are TV presenters and other 'celebrities' who are constantly on TV and in newspapers and magazines.

49. Complete the second sentence so that it has а similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.

1 I don' t want to do anything too energetic today. feel

I …………………………………..... anything too energetic today. 2 Did you enjoy yourself when you were travelling around Europe? time

Did…………………………………. when you were travelling around Europe? 3 I don' t want to listen to jokes at the moment.

Alan, …………………………………………………….to the game with me? 5 Jane really enjoys helping other people.

10 I don' t like the idea of doing adventure sports.

I …………………………………. ………….her а favour.

12 Rachel enjoys listening to music. enjoyment

Rachel ... ... ………………………………………..to music.

50. Restate the sentences by changing а sentence with а gerund as the subject to а sentence with it + an infinitive phrase, and vice-versa.

1. Teasing animals is cruel. 2. It wasn't difficult to find their house. 3. Voting in every election is important. 4. It was exciting to meet the king and queen. 5. Hearing the other side of the story would be interesting. б. It is unusual to see Joan awake early in the morning. 7. If you know how, it is easy to float in water for а long time. 8. Mastering а second language takes time and patience. 9. Driving to Atlanta will take us ten hours. 10. It takes courage to dive into the sea from а high cliff.

4 In my dream, Brad Pitt offered me а ride on his motorbike and 1 told him I’d rather

5 Mrs Jacobson reminded us of the importance ________________ our passports in а

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В Identify the one underlined expression (А, В, С or D) that must be changed in order to correct the sentences.

1.I really do regret not to learn to play the piano when 1 had so many opportunities

АВ

to learn and practise in school.

С D

2. When I asked the students to help me move the chairs, some girls volunteered to

А В

carry one each for me and some boys offered to take the others, but Mark refused me to help . С D

3. When we' re ready to leave the house, my mother always tells us wait while she

А В

checks in the kitchen because she's afraid to go out without making sure everything is turned off. С D

4. I will never forget to visit Egypt as а child. It was so exciting to stand beside the

А В

pyramids. When it was time for us to go home, my parents say I cried and begged them not to leave. C

D

5. It really is better to ask for help instead of pretending to know how to do something A B C

when you are probably not capable to do it at all. D

С Add these pairs of verbs to this text, with the first verb in an appropriate tense and the second verb as an infinitive or gerund.

I had just arrived at the International Adventure Camp in Florida. They had spent the afternoon assigning us to our cabins and telling us all the rules. The evening meal was pizza. Now it was after ten о'clock and we were all (1)____________ in bed asleep. I was still awake, stretched out on the uncomfortable camp bed, when I (2)

_______________ someone ________________ outside the cabin window. Just once, then silence. I (3)___________________ the camp leader ___________________ us that we weren't (4) __________________outside after dark. Someone was breaking that rule. Then I thought I could (5) ________________ а cigarette _____________

There was another rule against that.

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D Complete each sentence, using an infinitive or gerund, in such а way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence above it.

1 It’s sometimes hard finding а place to park.

А place to park ___________________________________________

2 Is keeping all these old files really necessary?

Is it really necessary _______________________________________

3 Не shouldn't buy а new car now.

It would be а mistake for ___________________________________

4 Amy was bitten by а dog when she was very young and she still remembers it.

Amy still remembers ______________________________________

5 The boy said that he hadn'1 done anything wrong.

The boy denied ___________________________________________

Е Add one of these verbs as an infinitive or gerund in each space in this text. go look put start regain do keep lose stop try

If it's so hard to lose weight, why do people keep (1)____________. ? Because they want (2) ______________ better is the usual answer. The problem is that going on а diet is likely

(3) ______________ more harm than good, according to health experts. There is а strong tendency (4) ______________ all the weight lost within one year of

(5)________________ diet. Only 3 per cent of those who take off weight have been found (6) _________________for at least three years. Moreover, the 'уо-уо' pattern of

(7) __________________ а diet, (8) ______________ some weight and then (9)

___________________ it back on may be more harmful to an individual than not (1о) on а diet in the first place.

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The participles are:

а) present participles (staying, leaving, etc.),

b)past participles (stayed, left, etc.) and

c)perfect participles (having left, etc.).

Present and past participles can be used as adjectives. The present participle (-ing) describes what somebody or something is (it answers the question 'What kind?'). The past participle (-ed) describes how somebody feels (it answers the question 'How do you feel?'). The perfect participle (having done) is used when one action happens before another action.

е.g. It was an embarrassing situation. (What kind of situation? Embarrassing.)

Не was embarrassed. (How did you feel? Embarrassed.)

Participles can also be used:

 instead of а relative pronoun and full verb.

e.g. The woman waving at me is my aunt. (= The woman who is waving at me is my aunt.)

The new shampoo advertised on TV is very expensive. (= The new shampoo which s advertised on TV is very expensive.)

 to express reason.

е.g. Feeling shy, Laura didn't talk to Ben. (= Because she was shy, ...)

Having seen the film before, I decided to stay at home. (= Because I had seen the film before, I decided to stay at home.)

to express time.

е.g. After taking/having taken his Master s degree, he applied for а job.

Having taken his Master s degree, he applied for а job. (= After he had taken his Masters degree, he applied for а job.)

We met John while shopping. (= We met John while we were shopping.)

instead of the past simple in narratives when we describe actions happening immediately one after the other.

е.g. Hearing the news, she fainted. (= She heard the news and she fainted.)

to avoid repeating the past continuous in the same sentence.

е.g. Не was walking down the street whistling а tune. (= Не was walking down the street and he was whistling а tune.)

 having smth done а) we use the structure have something done to talk about

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something which we arrange for someone else to do for us. e.g. I’m having а garage built at the moment.

b) we can also use have something done when we do not arrange for someone else to do something for us.

e.g. I had my leg broken in а football match.

We often use have something done in this way when something unpleasant or unexpected happens to someone.

Note that we can often use get something done instead of have something done. e.g. I must get this jacket cleaned.

The problem confuses the students.

(а) It is а confusing problem.

The present participle conveys an active meaning. The noun it modifies does something. In (а): The noun 'problem' does something; it 'confuses.' Thus it is described as а 'confusing problem.'

The students are confused by the problem.

(b) They are confused students.

The past participle conveys а passive meaning. In (b): The students are confused by something. Thus, they are described as 'confused students.'

1. Complete the sentences with the present or past participle.

1. The game excites the people. It is an ... game. 2. The people are excited by the game. They are ... people. 3. The news surprised the man. It was ... news. 4. The man was surprised by the news. It was а ... man. 5. The child was frightened by the strange noise. The ... child sought comfort from her father. б. The strange noise frightened the child. It was а ... sound. 7. The work exhausted the men. It was ... work. 8. The men were exhausted. The ... men sat down to rest under the shade of а tree. 9. The story amuses the children. It is an ... story. 10. The children are amused by the story. They are ... children. 11. Mike heard some bad news. The bad news depressed him. а) Mike is very sad. In other words he is... b) The news made Mike feel sad. The news was...

12. Nancy's rude behaviour embarrassed her parents. а) Nancy’s rude behaviour was… b) Nancy's parents were... 13. The nation's leader stole money. The :. scandal shocked the nation. а) It was а ...scandal. b) The... nation soon .' replaced the leader. 14. 1 like to study sea life. The subject of marine biology fascinates me. а) I’m ... by marine biology. b) Marine biology is а ... subject.

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2. Complete the sentences with the present оr past participle of the verbs in brackets.

1. The (steal) car was found in the woods. 2. Success in one's work is а (satisfy) experience. 3. The tiger was а (terrify) sight for the villagers. 4. The (terrify) villagers ran for their lives. 5. 1 found myself n an (embarrass) situation last night. 6. А kid accidentally threw а ball at one of the school windows. Someone needs to repair the (break) window. 7. А (damage) earthquake occurred recently. 8. People are still in the process of repairing the many (damage) buildings and streets. 9. I elbowed my way through the (crowd) room. 10. No one lives in that (desert) house except а few ghosts. 11. The thief tried to open the (lock) cabinet. 12. The (injure) woman was put into an ambulance. 13. 1 bought some (freeze) vegetables at the supermarket. 14. The (expect) event did not occur. 15. А (grow) child needs а (balance) diet.

3. Use perfect participle as in the example.

Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm. → Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.

1. Ann was watching television. She fell asleep. 2. The man slipped. Не was getting off the bus. 3. The boy was crossing the road. Не was knocked over. 4. Не fell off а ladder. Не was changing а light bulb. 5. Dick burnt himself. Не was cooking his dinner. 6. Не broke а cup. Не was doing the washing-up. 7. Не ran out of petrol. Не was driving to work. 8. She lost her keys. She was getting out of her car.

4. This time make sentences beginning “Having...”

We finished our work. We went home. → Having finished our work, we went home.

l. We bought our tickets. Then we went into the theatre. 2. They had dinner. Then they continued on their journey. 3. She did all her shopping. Then she went for а cup of coffee. 4. I finished the washing up, then I sat down and watched TV. 5. Не typed the letters, then he put them all in envelopes. 6. 1 did all the housework, then I went out for а walk. 7. Не got out of bed, then he had а shower. 8. She locked all the doors, then she went to bed.

5. Rephrase the sentences using an -ing clause, as in the examples.

Because she didn't want to miss the train, she ran all the way to the station.→ Not wanting to miss the train, she ran all the way to the station.

l. Because she is а little deaf, she wears hearing-aid. 2. Because I don' t like classical music, I didn't go to the concert. 3. Because she is rich, she can afford expensive