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Vocabulary

arrangement – зд. оформление, установка contemporary – современный

devote – поклонник amateur – любительский dimension – измерение space – зд. пространство triangle – треугольный

commonplace – зд. банальный (общее место) to bloom – цвести

blossom – цвет foliage – листва

clippers – зд. ножницы

to encompass – окружать, охватывать

Answer the questions

1.What is Ikebana?

2.What century does the art of Ikebana date back to?

3.What are the three fundamental symbols in flower arrangement?

4.How important is the sense of naturalism in flower arrangement?

5.Where can one be taught the art of Ikebana in Japan?

Render in English

1.В Японии 5 мая называется днем детей и является национальным праздником. Но все-таки, по традиции, этот день является праздником для мальчиков.

2.Праздник этот имеет несколько названий. Одно из них – "Танконосэкку" – праздник первого дня лошади, поскольку это животное символизирует храбрость, смелость, мужество – качества, которыми должен обладать юноша, чтобы стать достойным воином. В этот день проводятся конные соревнования, состязания всадников в стрельбе из лука.

3.Сейчас в день праздника дома украшаются различными предметами, связанными с воинским искусством: мечами, шелковыми знаменами с фамильными гербами, моделями судов и лошадок, фигурами мифических персонажей в самурайских доспехах.

4.Широко распространен обычай вывешивать в этот день развевающиеся по ветру изображения карпов (кои-нобори) по количеству мальчиков в семье. Длина карпов зависит от возраста ребенка; самый большой карп символизирует главу семьи. Карп служит примером

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стойкости и смелости, упорства в достижении цели. Японцы считали карпа храбрейшей и благороднейшей из рыб.

5. В этот день мальчикам обязательно преподносят подарки: ритуальные куклы, изображающие самураев и героев различных исторических эпох или обычные игрушки.

Famous people

Yukawa Hideki, a well-known Japanese physicist, became famous for his contributions to theoretical nuclear physics. He won the 1949 Nobel prize for physics. He was the first Japanese to be honoured so highly. He received the award for the theory he had worked out in 1935 , that predicted the existence of a mass between that of the electron and that of the proton. The American physicist Carl Anderson did research in cosmic rays that provided experimental proof of Yukawa's theory. The particle, dalled the "meson" was discovered in 1936.

Yukawa was born in Tokyo, and studied at Kyoto University. He became a lecturer at Kyoto U. in 1932 and was appointed professor there in 1939. From 1933 to 1936 Yukawa served as a lecturer in nuclear physics at Osaka University.

Yukawa came to the United States in 1948 to act as a visiting protessor and work at the Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton, N.Q. He became professor of physics at Columbia University in 1950. In 1953 he became the first director of the Research Institute for Fundamental Physics at Kyoto University.

Vocabulary

contribution – вклад to honour – почитать

to predict – предвидеть

research – научные исследования to discover – открывать

to provide – обеспечивать to appoint – назначать

Complete the following statements

1.Yukawa Hideki was born in Tokyo and studied at … .

2.Yukawa became famous for … .

3.He worked out the theory that priory that predicted … .

4.The "meson" was discovered in … .

5.Yukawa won the Nobel prize in … .

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Answer the questions

1.Who is Yukawa Hideki?

2.When did Yukawa win the Nobel prize?

3.What did Yukawa receive the Nobel prize for?

4.Where and when did Yukawa get his education?

5.When and where did Yukawa work in the United States?

KOREA

The Geography of Korea

The Korean Peninsula lies on the northwest coast of the Asian mainland, the join marked by the Valu River (in Korean, Amnok-gang) and the Tumer River (Tuman-gang). With its 3,400 offshore islands, it stretches south from the Manchurian region of China and the eastern littoral of Russia for 1,000 kilometers, from the 43rd to the 33rd Parallel. Japan lies to the east and south across the Sea of Japan (Tonghae "East Sea"), China to the west across the Yellow Sea (Sohae, "West Sea"). Since 1948, the peninsula has been divided into two parts, the Republic of Korea in the south and the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea in the north.

The Totar area of the peninsula is 221,000 km2, which is about the size of England and Scotland combined. The Total population is 68 million – 44 million in South Korea and 24 million in North Korea.

Korea has varied terrain, but about 70 percent of its area is mountainous. The Taebaek Mountain Range, which runs the full length of the east coast, forms the spine of the peninsula. The fertile plains of the major river basins in the southwest support a prosperous agriculture mainly devoted to rice cultivation.

The peninsula has many scenic mountains and rivers, so Koreans often call if the "land decorated with golden embroidery." The highest peak is Mt. Packtusan, or the Ever White Mountain, witch stands 2,744 meters high on the northern borderline facing Manchuria.

This extinct volcano with a crater named Ch'onji, or the Heavenly lake on its top is surrounded with a mythical aura as the site of the first Kingdom in Korean history, dating back some 5,000 years. The mountain is also noticed as a rich depository of wildlife.

Korea has a relatively large number of rivers and streams which have played roles in developing industries and lifestyles. The Amnok-yang and Tuman-gang form the peninsula's northern border. In South Korea there are several large rivers, especially the Han-gang which flows through Seoul, the Capital of the Republic and serves as a lifeline for the large population in the central region including Seoul's 11 million residents. The river has also played a significant part in the development of Korea's ancient civilization.