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purpose are called affinity groups. The charter inclusive tours were sold at even lower fares than the inclusive tours on the scheduled airlines.

All transportation is subject to regulation by government, but the airlines are among the most completely regulated of all carriers. The routes they can fly, the number of flights, and many other matters are controlled by means of bilateral agreements between different countries in the case of international airlines. For domestic flights, most countries have a national agency.

Fares on international services are set by agreement through IATA, the International Air Transport Association, with headquarters at Montreal. IATA is a voluntary association of the airlines, but almost all the international scheduled carriers are members. Government influence is strong since many of the airlines are at least partially owned by the governments.

The airlines, both scheduled and nonscheduled, must overcome many problems. They need to reduce their operating costs to a level where they can continue to offer fares that will make holiday travel attractive to as many people as possible. And they have to solve the problem of attracting new passengers.

Comprehension

1.Answer the questions.

1.Why is transportation vital aspect of the total tourist industry?

2.How did means of transportation develop?

3.Why have railroads and ships lost much of their business?

4.What makes car a very convenient means of transportation?

5.What has become the principal mode of transportation for long-distance travel? Why?

6.Why do ships play an important part in tourism?

7.What is “cruise”?

8.What is “car ferry”?

9.What kinds of airline operation does the text describe?

10.What is the difference between scheduled and nonscheduled airlines?

11.What are the special airline fares called? What were they able to do by means of these fares?

12.How did the nonscheduled airlines get their start?

13.What is “an affinity group”?

14.What are some of the ways in which the airlines are regulated?

15.What are some of the problems that the airlines must overcome?

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2.Sum up what you’ve learned from the text about:

a)the history of transportation development;

b)the most popular means of transportation today;

c)the role of airlines for development of tourism;

d)different kinds of airline operations;

e)sea transportation in tourism;

f)special air fares;

g)government regulations of all transportation;

h)the problems to be solved in future.

3.Read the statements, define whether they are true or false, speak on them.

1. Transportation is a vital aspect in the tourist industry.

2.Railroads spread across Europe, North America and many other parts of the world in the 18th century.

3.Steamships were carrying passengers and freight on all the oceans of the world in the 19th century.

4.The automobile has replaced the railroad for most local travels.

5.The airplane has become the principal carrier in the 19th century.

6.The cruise ship acts only as the means of transportation.

7.A scheduled airline operates on routes and at times when there is a demand for this service.

8.The seating capacity is the percentage of seats that have been sold on a flight.

9.The scheduled airlines got a start largely as a result of governmental business.

10.All transportation is subject to regulation by government.

11.The airlines don’t have any problems they have to overcome.

Language focus

1. Look through the text and match the definitions given below with the words and phrases from the text.

2. Insert prepositions.

1.By 1900, steamships were carrying passengers and freight … all the oceans of the world.

2.Using automobile the traveler can depart … his own home and arrive … his destination without transferring baggage.

3.When did the universe first come … being?

4.A cruise is a voyage … ship that is made … pleasure rather than to arrive quickly

…a fixed destination.

5.The guide conducted us … the excursion to the cathedral.

6.A nonscheduled airline operates … routes and … times when there is a demand … the service.

7.Using automobile the traveler don’t have to cope … any difficulties that would ordinary confront … him.

8.A very large percentage of domestic tourism now take advantage … the automobile

…transportation.

9.Passenger capacity began to expand … its present dimensions in the 1950s when jets were introduced.

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3.Fill in the spaces in the following sentences with the appropriate word or phrase.

Affinity group, inclusive tour, freight, to carry, headquarters, competition, car ferries, cruise, charter flights, to capture, seating capacity, load factor, car rental agency, nonscheduled airline, scheduled airline.

1.This travel firm specializes in low-cost __________.

2.The two companies are in direct __________.

3.They __________a large share of the market.

4.Our __________is/are in Geneva.

5.The railway system __________over 25% of the country’s goods traffic.

6.This aircraft company carries __________only; it has no passenger service.

7.The __________is the percentage of seats that have been sold on the flight.

8.A__________ airline primarily operates according to a timetable, whereas a___________ airline operates primarily by chartering its aircraft.

9.Members of an ___________ travel to the same place for the same purpose.

10.IT is an abbreviation for___________.

11.When a ship carries passengers on a pleasure trip rather than a scheduled trip, it is operating as a ____________ ship.

12.A traveler who wishes to have a car at his destination for a short period of time can hire one from a____________ at most destinations.

13.The ___________ of a jumbo jet is about 400 passengers.

14.Dover handles more passengers than any other port in England because of the large number of____________ that operate out of that port.

4.Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1.Они верят, что конкуренция в бизнесе приносит пользу потребителям.

2.Эта авиакомпания является одним из самых больших международных перевозчиков в Америке.

3.Правление решило перенести выпуск газеты в новое издательство в Шотландии.

4.В первой половине XIX века пароходы использовались в основном на внутренних водных путях, а к 1900 году они перевозили пассажиров и груз по всем океанам мира.

5.Для путешествий на большие расстояния самолёт заменил железную дорогу и корабль и стал основным перевозчиком.

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6.Паромы регулярно курсируют через Ла-Манш, и туристы могут воспользоваться этой услугой, если они хотят путешествовать на своей машине.

7.Если вы не хотите брать свой автомобиль с собой, вы можете воспользоваться агентством по прокату машин.

8.Авиалинии, работающие согласно расписанию, предлагают туроператорам туры, в цену которых включены расходы на перевозку, трансфер, размещение в отеле и т.д.

9.Туроператоры продают турпакеты широкой публике.

10.Чартерные авиалинии перевозят обычно группы туристов, путешествующих в одном направлении и с одной целью.

11.Международные авиалинии контролируются посредством двусторонних соглашений между странами.

12.Для внутренних полётов многие страны имеют национальные агентства, например Государственный аэронавтический совет в США.

13.Индустрия проката автомобилей ориентируется, в основном, на людей, путешествующих по бизнесу.

14.Индустрия круизов вошла в полную силу на туристском рынке в начале 70- х годов и продолжает развиваться в настоящее время. С 1980 по 1990 гг. более трех миллиардов долларов было потрачено на строительство кораблей для круизов, что удвоило мировой флот круизных кораблей.

15.Две международные организации располагаются в Монреале и занимаются координацией авиалиний и безопасностью полетов – Международная организация гражданской авиации (ICAO) и Международная организация воздушного транспорта (IATA). ICAO – межправительственная организация, IATA – ассоциация авиакомпаний. ICAO занимается воздушной навигацией, безопасностью воздушного транспорта и координацией летных служб. Она финансируется правительством стран участников. Цены на международные услуги устанавливаются по соглашению через ассоциацию воздушных перевозчиков (IATA).

Speaking

1. Describe the transportation facilities that are available in your country or region.

Discuss their suitability for handling tourist traffic, both domestic and international. If you feel that there is a need for improvement, explain how you think the improvements should be made.

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2. Think and answer:

1. What do you know about the problems of transportation for tourists in Russia?

2.Do you think there is improvement in the transportation service in this county? Why (not)?

3.Are there special fares for tourists in Russia? What do you know about them?

4.What problems are vital for Russian transportation companies?

5.What are the ways of solving these problems?

6.How is Russian transportation regulated?

7.Does it confront similar difficulties in attracting new passengers?

8.What is your view of the further development of means of transportation in Russia?

Part two

Listening

Listen to the interview.

Air Travel

Terry Lee, Britannia’s Advance Planning Manager, is talking about how he plans and executes the company’s summer flight programme. Britannia is a large British air carrier. Thomson is a large British tour operator.

Note the following words and expressions from the interview:

1.to lay down – устанавливать; утверждать

2.fleet – флотилия; парк (самолетов, автомобилей и т.д.)

3.counterpart – противная сторона; лицо, занимающее равноценное положение в другой организации

4.maintenance – эксплуатация; техническое обслуживание

5.to impose – налагать (обязательства); навязать зд. to impose constraints – вводить ограничения

6.slots – зд. временные “щели”, позволяющие аэропорту принимать дополнительные рейсы; промежутки в расписании рейсов

7.to contend with – зд. принимать во внимание; считаться; соперничать; состязаться

8.core – сердцевина; ядро; суть; центр (чего-л.)

core computer system – центральная компьютерная система

9.feasibility – возможность; вероятность

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to run a feasibility study – проводить научно-техническое обоснование, исследование

10.run-up – разбег

11.via – через

12.SITA – Students International Travel Association – Международная студенческая ассоциация путешествий

13.frenetic (phrenetic) – исступленный; неистовый; безумный

14.horse trading – обсуждение условий сделки, сопровождаемое взаимными уступками

15.direct costs – прямые затраты overall costs – общие затраты

Comprehension

l. Listen to the interview again and decide if these statements are true or false. Correct the false statements.

1.Britannia and Thomson decide how many planes will be in use.

2.They have to fill 26,000 slots in a twenty-four week programme.

3.They don't expect to change their flight plans.

4. The computer system can help the user to predict potential flight disasters.

5.The computer system is fast but has not yet led to direct savings in expenditure.

2.In the interview you heard about the stages in planning a flight programme. Complete the chart using information from the interview.

FLIGHT SCHEDULING:

Stage 1.

a.Discussions are held between us and _______ to set objectives.

Stage 2.

b.Use last year's programme as a base.

Stage 3.

f. _______ on the core computer system.

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________, the queues can be quite long, so make sure you get there in good time. You’ll be given your (4) ________ ________ with your seat number, and they’ll weigh your bags, which will then get taken away on a (5) ________ ________. You can carry one item of (6) ________ ________ with you onto the plane, but if your cases weigh more than 20 kgs, you’ll have to pay (7) ________ ________, which can be very expensive. Just before you go into the (8) _______ ________ , you’ll have to go through (9)

________ _______ for a final check, and then listen out for the announcement to tell you which (10) _______ _______ you need to go in order to board the plane.

2. Talking about procedures

A

A participant on a cabin crew training course has been asked to repeat the safety procedure for the passengers during the emergency landing at sea. Read the passage and choose the best word or phrase from options a-c. The first one has been done for you.

(1) First of all you have to make an announcement explaining that there will be an emergency landing, and (2) __________ afterwards you need to keep the passengers calm, because you want to avoid panic. (3) __________ as this, you make sure that they put out any cigarettes and get into the emergency landing position, with their heads down. (4) __________ before landing is for the members of the crew to get into the emergency landing position as well. (5) _________ the plane has landed, you open the emergency doors, let down the escape chute and set down a member of the cabin crew to inflate the life-raft. (6) _________ you begin to evacuate the passengers, making sure that they have removed high-heeled shoes and have put on their lifejackets (7) __________. You tell them to go down the chute and to inflate their lifejackets (8) __________, and to head for the life-raft. (9) _________ is to check that all the passengers have escaped and (10) _________ you leave the plane yourself.

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B Write short paragraph explaining what the cabin crew need to do between the time the passengers arrive on a plane and the time the first drinks are served. Use some of the linking words above and the following notes.

agreet passengers

bshow passengers to seats

ccheck numbers

dmake safety announcement

echeck seat-belts are fastened, seats are upright, and luggage in overhead lockers

fcheck that emergency exits are clear

gtake seats for take-off

hmake in-flight announcement

I serve drinks

Grammar practice

Passive tense review

1. You have been asked to write the “welcome aboard” notice for passengers at the beginning of a cruise on the “Ramada Diamond”. Complete the paragraphs below using the notes and the appropriate tense and voice.

Example: ship/completely modernize – The ship has been completely modernized. A.

1.the restaurants/extensively redecorate

2.fitness centre/open/Deck C

3.we/also/build/new pool/upper deck

B.

4.breakfast /serve daily/from 7-11

5.the main restaurants/open/at midday/close/12.30 a.m.

6.we/offer/24-hour room service

7.please note/small charge/make/for this

C.

8.you/have/the chance/go ashore/shopping or sightseeing

9.passengers/take/to the port/by speedboat

10.you/collect 6.30 p.m.

D.

11.one of the passengers/get/hold up/during a shore visit

12.as a result/he/leave behind

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1.I ________ (give) you a ring as soon as the tickets ________ (arrive).

2.A motor launch ________ (take) passengers ashore when the ship _______

(arrive) at Grenada.

3.I _______ (give) your message to the captain before he _______ (leave).

4.I _______ (contact) you before I _________ (confirm) the booking.

5.When we ________ (get) to Luxor, we ________ (visit) the temple of Karnak.

2.Will or going to? Fill in the blanks with will or the correct form of going to.

1.– Have you organized your summer holiday yet?

–Yes, we _________ go on a cruise round the Greek Islands.

2.– Do you know if there are still any places on the excursion to Abu Simbel?

–I’m not sure – I __________ Have a word with the purser and let you know.

3.– I __________ get another film from the shop. Do you need anything?

–No thanks. See you later.

4.– What do you need your passport for?

–I ________ change some traveller’s cheques.

5.– I’m a bit worried about leaving these valuables in the cabin.

–Of course, madam. We __________ keep them for you in the safe if you like.

3.One of your customers has booked a cruise to St Vincent and the Grenadines on board a luxury charter yacht. Give your customer details of the cruise based on the following information. The first one has been done for you.

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You’re arriving in St Vincent on Monday; you’re spending the day there and the yacht sets at 6.00 in the evening. On Tuesday,_____________________________________

Note the words and expressions from the talk

to experience – узнать; испытать на себе; приобрести опыт (в чем-л.)

to be aware of smth – сознавать отдавать себе полный отчет в том, что… etiquette – этикет

to go amiss – не получится; получится не так, как надо; неправильно; неверно mosque – мечеть

impurity – загрязнение; грязь posture – поза; положение; осанка to blow nose – сморкаться

to bow – кланяться

chopsticks – палочки для еды (у китайцев, корейцев, японцев) unintentionally – непреднамеренно

to cause offence – оскорбить; нанести обиду

Different countries and cultures have different ways of behaving. How much do you know about “international etiquette”?

1. Which of these things would be socially unacceptable in your country?

a.wearing shorts in a religious building

b.wearing outdoor shoes in a religious building

c.topless bathing

d.crossing your legs in public

e.pointing with your forefinger

f.blowing your nose in public

g.kissing someone you’re introduced to for the first time (man-man)

h. kissing someone you’re introduced to for the first time (woman-woman)

i.using your left hand to eat with

j.asking for more food at a dinner party if you’re still hungry

k.leaving food on your plate at a dinner party

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2.Do you know any countries where these things would not be acceptable?

3.You are going to listen to part of a welcome talk to a group of passengers on a round-the-world cruise. Among the countries they will be visiting are Spain, Egypt and the Middle East, India, Singapore, Thailand, and Japan. Which kinds of behaviour in the list in exercise 1 do you think will be acceptable or unacceptable in these countries?

4.Listen to the cassette and fill in the table below. Where information is given, write √ for acceptable and × for unacceptable.

a.wearing shorts

b.wearing shoes

c.topless bathing

d.crossing legs

e.pointing

f.blowing nose

g.kissing (men)

h.kissing (women)

i.using left hand to eat

j.asking for more food

k.leaving food

Prepare a list of recommendations for appropriate behaviour for those foreign tourists who are planning to make a tour of Russia for the first time.

Think about points discussed on the cassette – religious buildings, greetings and introductions, appropriate dress, posture and body language, eating and drinking. Include information about other areas, such as bargaining, tipping, queuing, attitudes to women, behaviour in business meetings, and so on.

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UNIT III ACCOMМODATIONS AND CATERING

Part one

Words to remember

-in the vicinity of – поблизости, вблизи от

-impact – влияние, воздействие

-flood of passenger – поток пассажиров

-lounge – холл или комната отдыха

-pension – пансион

-to lodge – разместить, поселить

-full board – полный пансион

-to lease – сдавать или брать в аренду

-lease – аренда: контракт, дающий право владеть и распоряжаться недвижимостью на оговоренных условиях и за фиксированную плату

-franchise – франшиза (лицензия): право на производство или продажу продукции другой компании

-condominium – кондоминиум

-joint owner – совладелец

-occupancy rate – показатель загрузки

-to assume dominant place – занять господствующее положение

-marina – марина, специальный причал для частных лодок и яхт

-to constitute – составлять

-liquor store – магазин ликероводочных напитков

-delicatessen – деликатесы; гастрономический магазин

-gourmet – гурман

Reading

Read the text, then look through the comprehension exercises and speak on the text.

Accommodations and catering

A wide variety of accommodations is available to the modern tourist. They vary from the guesthouse or tourist home with one or two rooms to grand luxury hotels with hundreds of rooms.

Before the age of railroads, travelers stayed at inns in the country or in small hotels – most of them family-owned – in the towns and cities. The first big hotels with hundreds of

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rooms were built in the vicinity of railroad terminals to serve the flood of new passengers. These new hotels were more impersonal than the old-fashioned family-style inn or hotel.

A feature of Europe is the pension, a small establishment with perhaps ten to twenty guest rooms. Originally, pensions offered not only lodging but also full board, all of the day’s meals for the guest. Nowadays, however, most of them offer only a bed, usually at an inexpensive rate, and a “continental breakfast” of coffee and rolls.

Many people travel to Europe because of its rich historical and cultural heritage. As a result, many old homes and castles have been converted into small hotels. Many old inns have also been restored to serve people with similar romantic tastes.

The major trend in the hotel industry today, however, is toward the large corporateoperated hotel. Many of these hotels might well be described as “packaged”. A number of large companies have assumed a dominant place in the hotel industry. Some companies that operate on a worldwide basis are Holiday Inns, Sheraton, InterContinental, Hilton International, Ramada Inns and others.

Some of the hotel corporations operate on a franchise basis; that is, the hotel and its operation are designed by the corporation, but the right to run it is sold or leased. The operator then pays a percentage to the parent corporation. His franchise can be withdrawn, however, if he does not maintain the standards that have been established. Other hotel companies serve primarily as managers. The Caribe Hilton, the first and most successful of the big resort hotels in Puerto Rico, was built by the government of the island, which then gave the Hilton company a management contract.

Large, modern hotels contain not only guest rooms, but many other facilities as well. They usually contain restaurants and cocktail lounges, shops, and recreational facilities such as swimming pools or health clubs. Many hotels also have facilities for social functions, conventions, and conferences – ballrooms, auditoriums, meeting rooms of different sizes, exhibit areas, and the like. Nowadays convention facilities are very often included in resort hotels so that people who attend conventions there can combine business with pleasure.

Another modern development in the hotel business is the motel, a word made up from motor and hotel. The motel might best be described as a place that has accommodations both for automobiles and human beings. The typical motel is a low structure around which is built a parking lot to enable the guests to park their cars as close as possible to their rooms.

Another trend in the hotel industry is the construction of the self-contained resort complex. This consists of a hotel and recreational facilities, all of which in effect are

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isolated from the nearby community. Examples include the holiday “villages” that have been built by Club Mediterranee for its members.

Casinos, wherever they are legal, are another feature of some hotels. In Las Vegas, Nevada, the hotels are really secondary to gambling. They feed, house, and entertain the guests, but the real profits come from the casinos. In Puerto Rico and other places, gambling usually acts as an additional, rather than the principal, attraction for the hotels.

Still another trend in resort accommodations is condominium construction. The condominium is a building or group of buildings in which individuals purchase separate units. At the same time they become joint owners of the public facilities of the structure and its grounds and recreational areas. The condominium has become popular because of desire of many people to own a second home for vacations.

Caravanning and camping reflect another trend in modern tourism, thanks in large part to the automobile. Cars variously called caravans, vans, or campers come equipped with sleeping quarters and even stoves and refrigerators. They are in effect small mobile homes, or at least hotel rooms. Many people also carry tents and other equipment with which they can set up a temporary home. Facilities are now offered in many resort areas for camping. The operator may rent only space, but he may also provide electricity and telephone service.

A similar kind of arrangement exists for boat owners who wish to use their boats for accommodations while they are traveling in them. This involves the marina, a common feature of resort areas on waterways.

The hotel business has its own load factor in the form of the occupancy rate. This is the percentage of rooms or beds that are occupied at a certain point in time or over a period of time. One of the hazards of the hotel business is a high occupancy rate during one season and a very low one during another. For instance, Miami Beach is essentially a winter resort. Hotels there try to increase occupancy in the summer by offering very low rates. On the other hand, many summer resorts have built winter sports facilities to attract people during their off-season.

Catering, providing food and drink for transients, has always gone together with accommodations. Food services are the feature of hotels. The typical modern “packaged hotel” includes a restaurant, a coffee shop for quicker and less expensive meals, and a bar or cocktail lounge. Many larger hotels have several restaurants, often featuring different kinds of foods, as well as different prices. Hotels also normally provide room service – food and drink that are brought to the guest’s room. In addition catering service is usually provided in the hotel’s recreational areas. The poolside bar and snack bar, for quick food, are normal parts of the service at a resort hotel.

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Restaurants, bars, and nightclubs outside the hotels are a standard feature of the resort scene. Indeed, many resorts could not really operate without them. They provide not only catering but also some kind of entertainment for the tourists who are bored with the limits of hotel life.

Food, in fact, may be one of the reasons why people travel. Many people go out of their way to visit France, for example, because of the gourmet meals that are served there. Similarly, the excellent restaurants of Hong Kong constitute one of its principal attractions. It should also be pointed out that many grocery stores, delicatessens, and liquor stores make money from tourism.

The accommodations and catering service industries employ large numbers of people. At a luxury hotel, there may be as many as two or three employees for every guest room. At a large commercial hotel, there are usually about eight employees for every ten guest rooms. This intensive use of labor is one of the reasons why tourism is so attractive to developing countries. Furthermore, many of the hotel and restaurant jobs are semiskilled work, so only a small amount of training is necessary to fill them.

Comprehension

1.Answer the questions.

1.What kinds of accommodations are available to modern tourists?

2.Which of them date back to old times?

3.What features are typical for European hotels? Why?

4.What is the major trend of development in the hotel industry today?

5.What does franchise basis mean?

6.What facilities do modern hotels contain?

7.What is a motel?

8.Why has the condominium become so popular?

9.What are the attractions of caravanning or camping?

10.What are arrangements for boat owners?

11.What is the occupancy rate?

12.What does typical “packaged hotel” include?

13.Why is catering closely connected with hotel business?

14.What does catering involve?

15.What are the attractions of food service?

16.Why is hotel business and catering important for development of national economy?

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2.Sum up what you’ve learned from the text about:

a)different types of accommodations;

b)the main trends in development of hotel business;

c)the problems of occupancy rate;

d)catering as an important part of tourism service;

e)the employment opportunities hotels and catering provide.

3.Read the statements, define whether they are true or false, speak on them.

1.The first big hotels were built in the vicinity of railroads.

2.Nowadays most of pensions offer not only lodging but also full board.

3.The major trend in the hotel industry today is toward small hotels.

4.Some hotel corporations operate on a franchise basis; other hotel companies serve as managers.

5.Large modern hotels contain only guest rooms and restaurants.

6.Self-contained resort complex consists of a hotel and recreational facilities which are isolated from nearby community.

7.Occupancy rate can be very high during one season and very low during another.

8.Food services are not features of hotels.

9.Food cannot be the reason why people travel.

10.Intensive use of labour at hotels is one of the reasons why tourism is so attractive for developing countries.

Language focus

1. Look through the text and match the definitions given below with the words and phrases from the text.

2. Fill in the spaces in the following sentences with the appropriate word or phrase.

Room service, camping, marina, franchise, self-contained, casinos, occupancy rate, motel, van, gourmet, multinational, caravan, condominium, recreational, contract.

1.Many of the large hotel chains are owned by _________or other corporations in the travel industry.

2.Most of the hotels in Las Vegas attract guests because of their _________.

3.A boat owner who wishes to sleep on his boat can dock at a __________.

4.A _________offers accommodations both for people and automobiles.

5.A hotel with a low _________in the summer may wish to reduce its rates during that season.

6.A hotel guest who does not want to go to the restaurant can have food brought to him by _________.

7.Some people visit the restaurant of France and other places famous for their food in order to eat a _________meal.

8.The Caribe Hilton is an example of a hotel operated under a __________with the owner, in this case the government of Puerto Rico.

9._________facilities in a hotel include swimming pools, golf, beaches, tennis courts, health clubs, and so on.

10.Many people like to go _________so that they can set up tents or other shelters and live in close contact with nature.

11.A _________, or a _________for short, is a kind of automobile that has sleeping quarters and often cooking facilities as well.

12.A _________resort complex is usually isolated from the community around it.

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13.The owner of a unit in a _________is also the joint owner of the public facilities that are part of it.

14.A hotel or motel that is operated on a _________basis must meet the standards established by the parent corporation.

3.Insert prepositions.

1.The first big hotels were built … the vicinity … railroad terminals.

2.Most of the pensions nowadays offer only bed, usually … an inexpensive rate, and “continental breakfast”.

3.Many hotels have facilities … social functions, conventions and conferences.

4.Some of the hotel corporations operate … a franchise basis.

5.The hotels that operate … a worldwide basis are Sheraton, Hilton International, Holiday Inns and others.

6.Caravanning and camping reflect another trend … modern tourism thanks … large part … the automobile.

7.Cars come equipped … sleeping quarters and even stoves and refrigerators.

8.… addition, catering service is usually provided … the hotel’s recreational areas.

9.Many resorts provide also some kind of entertainment … the tourist who is bored … the limits of hotel life.

10.… a large commercial hotel, there are usually about eight employees … every ten guest room.

4.Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

A.

1.Компьютер сильно повлиял на современную жизнь.

2.Я плачу $30 в неделю за питание и проживание.

3.Эта компания берёт в аренду нашу собственность.

4.Первые большие отели были построены вблизи от железнодорожных терминалов, чтобы обслуживать поток новых пассажиров.

5.Некоторые большие компании заняли господствующее положение в туриндустрии.

6.В разгар сезона владельцы кондоминиума получают прибыль, сдавая свои квартиры в аренду.

7.Этот роскошный отель имеет высокий коэффициент загрузки в течение всего года.

8.Компания надеялась извлечь прибыль, построив отель вблизи побережья.

9.Казино в отелях Невады привлекают большой поток туристов.

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Speaking

1.Describe the accommodations and catering services that are available in your country or region, including the different varieties. Are they suitable for serving large number of tourists? Do they offer special features? Can they be improved?

2.Think and answer:

1.How well is hotel business developed in Russia?

2.What kinds of accommodations do Russian tourist companies offer? What do you know about the quality of this service?

3.What is a typical “packaged hotel” in Russia?

4.Can you give examples of high class hotels in Russia?

5.Does the price of accommodation in Russia reflect the quality of the service? Why (not)?

6.What do you know about catering service in Russia hotels?

7.Is it similar to that in international hotels?

8.Do foreign tourists like Russian food?

9.What Russian food is most popular with tourists?

10.What problems do hotels in Russia face?

11.How do they cope with these problems?

Part two

Listening and reading

Listen to the tape and read the text

Pre-reading

In economic terms, what do hotel rooms and airline seats have in common? Location and price are two important factors people consider when choosing a place to stay. Which of these factors is likely to be more important

a) to a business traveller? to a holidaymaker? Why?

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Skim and scan

a)How much can it cost to build a hotel room in central London?

b)Which night is likely to be more profitable for a hotel used mainly by business travelers – Monday or Friday? Why?

c)What do a hotel's 'psychological characteristics' consist of?

Hotel operation

Hotels and other residential establishments share a number of marketing problems. In the first place, what is sold to the tourist is not a single product but the sum of a variety of different products, each of which could be the principal factor accounting for the customer's choice.

First and foremost, a customer's choice is likely to be based on location, a key factor in the profitability of the unit. Location implies both the destination (resort for the holidaymaker, convenient stopover point for the traveller, city for the business traveller) and the location within that destination. Thus the business traveller will want to be at a hotel close to the company he visits, the seaside holidaymaker will wish to be as close as possible to the seafront, and the traveller will want to be close to the airport from which he is leaving. In economic terms a "trade-off" will occur between location and price; the tourist, unable to afford a seafront property, will opt for the one closest to the front which fits his pocket. Location is, of course, fixed for all time. If the resort loses its

attractions for visitors, the hotel will suffer an equivalent decline in its fortunes.

The fact that high fixed costs are incurred in both building and operating hotels compounds the risk of hotel operating. City centre sites are extremely expensive to purchase and run (estimates for central London have ranged as high as £130,000 per room for hotel construction), requiring very high room prices. The market may resist such prices but is nevertheless reluctant to be based at any distance from the centres of activity, even where good transportation is available.

The demand for hotel rooms will come from a widely distributed market, nationally or internationally, whereas the market for other facilities which the hotel has to offer will be highly localised. In addition to providing food and drink for its own residents, the hotel will be marketing these services to tourists or residents within only a short distance of the site. Clearly a very different market segment will be involved, calling for different advertising, promotion and distribution strategies.

Another characteristic of the product is that it is seldom uniformly in demand throughout the year. Tourist hotels in particular suffer from levels of very high demand during the summer and negligible demand in the winter months. Even hotels catering chiefly to business travellers, while they may experience consistent demand during the year, will find that demand is largely for Monday-Thursday nights and they will have a problem in attracting weekend business, a problem known as periodicity as apart from seasonality. This lack of flexibility in room supply and the fact that the product itself is

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highly perishable (if rooms are unsold there is no opportunity to "store" them and sell

them later) mean that great efforts in marketing must be made to attract off-peak

customers, while potential revenue has to be sacrificed during the peak season because demand is greater than supply. Even with creative selling, such as discounted winterbreaks which the hotels have now introduced, many tourist hotels in seasonal locations such as seasides will be lucky to achieve average year-round occupancy of more than 50 per cent. These hotels are then faced with the choice of staying open in the winter, with the hope of making sufficient income to cover their direct operating costs for the period, or closing completely for several months of the year. The problem with the latter course of action is that a number of hotel costs, such as rates and depreciation, will

of the right calibre for jobs which are only seasonal. In recent years more and more of the

We have talked chiefly in terms of the physical characteristics of a hotel which attract its market, but no less important are the psychological factors such as service, "atmosphere", even the other guests with whom the customer will come in contact. Any or all of these factors will be taken into consideration by customers in making their choice of hotel.

'The Business of Tourism', Holloway, J. Christopher (MacDonald & Evans), 2nd edn, 1995

Notes on the text

1.first and foremost – прежде всего

2.to localize – ограничивать распространение, локализировать

3.negligible – незначительный, непринимаемый во внимание

4.perishable – скоропортящийся

5.calibre – достоинство, калибр

6.endeavour – попытка, старание

7.attendant difficulties – сопутствующие трудности

Vocabulary practice

1. The following words and phrases on the left are taken from the text. Match them with the correct meaning on the right according to how they are used in the passage.

Text organization

2. Number the boxes 1-6 to match these main ideas with the paragraphs they belong to. a) Hotel operation is a risky and costly business.

b) A hotel's psychological characteristics are just as important as the physical. c) The location of a hotel is an important factor in its success.

d)Many hotels are faced with a number of problems and decisions due to the rise and fall in demand for their facilities.

e)A hotel may be chosen by a traveller for one or more of a number of

different reasons.

f) A hotel may market different facilities to different types of customer.

Comprehension

3. Accommodation 'is not a single product but the sum of a variety of different products'. Using the text plus your own experience, make a list of some of these 'different products'.

4.Define (a) seasonality and (b) periodicity.

5.Under the following headings make a threeor four-paragraph summary of the potential problems faced by hotels.

(a)Location

(b)Construction costs

3. Checking out. Fill in the spaces in the following sentences with the appropriate word or phrase. Use each verb once only and remember to put it into the correct form.

Calculate, incur, liaise, settle, check out, issue, overcharge, sign for, dispute, itemize, return, vacate.

Example: At the end of their stay guests check out at reception.

1.During their stay at a hotel, guests will _________ charges for the services which they use in the hotel.

2.When a hotel guest eats in the hotel restaurant he/she will be asked to _________

the meal before leaving.

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3.Some hotels __________ a luggage pass to show that payment has been received and the guest is free to leave.

4.Guests usually wish to see exactly what they are paying for, so the hotel should

_________ the bill to show each item separately.

5.Most hotels ask guests who are leaving to _________ their rooms before lunchtime.

6.A computer also makes it much easier to __________ any discount.

7.The receptionist will ask the guests to __________ their bills before leaving the hotel.

8.The receptionist will _______ any valuables which have been deposited for safe keeping.

9.Guests may ________ a charge if they disagree with it.

10.In order to avoid problems the receptionist should _________ with the other departments in the hotel.

11.Guests will be very unhappy if the hotel _________ them and asks them to pay more.

Grammar practice

Conjunctions

1. Read the extract from the study concerning the construction of a new hotel in London. Note the way in which the underlined words are used.

In recent years, hotel development in central London has been hindered by restrictive planning policies, lack of suitable sites and high building costs. However, there is now growing pressure from hotel chains wishing to develop, and several sites have been earmarked for consideration. Furthermore, the British Tourist Authority has forecast a shortfall in hotel accommodation by the end of the decade. As a result, it is our opinion that the time is ripe to invest in the construction of a 300 bedroom, three-star hotel to meet what is forecast to be a significant shortage of bed space.

However introduces a contracting point of view. As a result shows a consequence.

Furthermore introduces a new piece of information.

Now group the following words into the above categories.

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2. Which conjunction would you use to link these pairs of sentences? Choose from the ones in the brackets.

1.The hotel benefits from high annual occupancy rates throughout the year. There was a sudden drop in occupancy rate during January.

(although, besides, in addition)

2.Earlier research had determined that the clientele were mainly women aged between 20 and 45.

A campaign was devised to encourage this sector of the market to come in greater numbers. (therefore, despite, because)

3.Many attractions appeal to visitors because they are old and historical.

Theme parks are comparatively new type of attraction. (consequently, despite, whereas)

4.Theme parks stretch over vast areas of land, often the size of small towns. Most are situated in the countryside. (although, thus, yet)

5.Theme parks attract large number of visitors.

They are expensive to build. (thus, however, in spite of)

3.Complete the text using the words given below.

Secondly, furthermore, yet, while, as a result, however, first of all, on the contrary.

What enables budget hotels to offer extremely competitive tariffs and (a) _______

make a profit? There are a number of answers. (b) ________, such hotels, all built on the same prefabricated model, can make savings in construction costs, (c) ________, by keeping staffing to a minimum, using automatic check-in and providing self-service breakfast, there are economies to be made in operating costs. (d) _________, budget hotels have standardized furniture and fittings which can be bought cheaply in bulk.

(e)_______, the market for budget hotels includes many people with limited financial means such as low-income families, retired people or touring sports teams.

The growth of budget hotels has been the cause of some concern in the hotel market as many traditional oneand two-star establishments are unable to compete. (f) _______, this concern is probably unjustified. Budget hotels have an educational role to play in introducing new sections of the population to the habit of staying in a hotel. And (g) ________ budget hotels will continue to influence the market place and possibly take some custom away, quality hotels offering a high level of service should not see these “competitors” as a threat but, (h) ________, as an opportunity t expand the hotel-staying public.

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4. Complete the passage about a theme park near London using suitable conjunctions.

Lego builds on England investment.

“It’s nice to see England come out on the top – we looked at places all over the world, (a) _________ the truth is that England offered everything we wanted,” according to Clive Nicholls, Managing Director of Lego UK.

Lego began looking at building a second site in the autumn of 1990 and considered

“hundreds of sites” before narrowing the field down to a shortlist of six – including three sites in the USA. (b) _________ it was the unique character of the 142 acre Windsor Safari Park Site that persuaded the company to invest in England.

“For Lego there were four determining factors in our choice: (c) ________, the site itself was just too beautiful to miss; (d) ________, its size also made the park the ideal venue to buy. These two factors coupled with its access to the motorway network and the large catchment area that surrounds Windsor made the site perfect for use. (e)

_________, Windsor is truly international destination, which means we should be able to attract many visitors from outside the UK.”

(From “Tourist Enterprise”)

Read the text again and sum up the reasons for a new development in England.

Reading and listening

Pre-reading

Is there an official grading/classification system for accommodation in your country? What names or symbols are used?

Who is responsible for operating the system?

Skim and scan

a)What types of accommodation are covered by the inspection programme described in the text?

b)How many establishments are inspected every year?

c)Who inspects them?

d)Where can you obtain detailed information on classification?

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Throughout Britain, the tourist boards now inspect over 17,000 hotels, guesthouses, inns, B&Bs and farmhouses, every year, to help you find the ones that suit you best.

We've checked them out before you check in!

THE CLASSIFICATIONS: 'Listed', and then ONE to FIVE CROWN, tell you the range of facilities/services you can expect. The more Crowns, the wider the range of facilities/services on offer. THE GRADES: APPROVED, COMMENDED and HIGHLY COMMENDED, where they appear, indicate the quality standard of what is provided. If no grade is shown, you can still expect a high standard of cleanliness

'Listed': Clean and comfortable accommodation, although the range of facilities and services may be limited.

ONE CROWN: Accommodation with additional facilities, including washbasins in all bedrooms, a lounge area and use of a telephone.

TWO CROWN: A wider range of facilities and services, including morning tea and calls, bedside lights, TV in lounge or bedrooms, assistance with luggage.

THREE CROWN: At least one-third of the bedrooms with ensuite WC and bath or shower, plus easy chair and full length mirror, shoe cleaning facilities and hairdryers available. Hot evening meals available. FOUR CROWN: At least three-quarters of the bedrooms with ensuite WC and bath or shower plus colour TV, radio and telephone, 24-hour access and lounge service until midnight. Last

and laundry service. Restaurant open for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Every classified place to stay has a Fire Certificate, where this is required under the Fire Precautions Act, and all carry Public Liability Insurance.

Every Crown classified place to stay is likely to provide some of the facilities and services of a higher classification.

More information on classification is given in a free SURE SIGN leaflet, available at any Tourist Information Centre.

English Tourist Board

Comprehension

1.What does 'B & B' stand for?

2.What do 'crowns' tell you? How many are there? What other classification is used? 3.What do 'grades' indicate? What are the three grades?

4.What does 'We've checked them out before you check in' mean?

5.In the table below, put a tick under a service/facility if it is available in the category of accommodation listed.

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associated with the hotel and catering sector of the tourist industry. Find the words in the text which match the definition given on the left.

b)equipment provided by a hotel

c)available

d)level

e)accommodation which has its own private bathroom

f)opportunity or right to enter

g)a room in a hotel where people can sit and relax

2. Arrange each of the following words and expressions under the appropriate heading: services or facilities.

Ensuite WC, easy chair, lounge, assistance with luggage, morning calls, shoe cleaning, shower, full length mirror, TV in lounge, bedside lights, hairdryers, laundry, TV, radio and telephone, morning tea, hot evening meals.

Sum up what you have learned from the text about hotel classification in Britain.

Speaking

Prepare report on hotel classifications in different countries.

Words to remember

-to perform research – проводить исследование

-to result in smth – приводить к чему-л., иметь результатом

-to be engaged in smth – заниматься чем-л.

-to promote – способствовать, продвигать; содействовать развитию, распространению

-“red tape” – бюрократизм, волокита

-entry formalities – нормы и правила въезда в страну, формальности при въезде

-tourist deficit – туристский дефицит

-to discourage – расхолаживать, отбивать охоту; отговаривать; отсоветовать ant. to encourage – поощрять, поддерживать стимулировать

-to meet standards – удовлетворять, соответствовать стандартам

-to maintain – поддерживать; сохранять; содержать (в исправности, чистоте)

-standards of cleanliness – стандарты чистоты, гигиены

-expenditures – траты, расходы

-impact – влияние; воздействие

-to spread economic benefits – распространять экономические выгоды

-to undertake – предпринимать; брать на себя обязательства

-tax incentive – налоговая льгота

-to be in favour of – быть за; быть сторонником чего-л.; стоять за что-л.

Reading

Read the text, then look through the comprehension exercises and speak on the text.

Regulation, Research, and Development in Tourism

The roles of government are vital to tourism. First, governments generally set policy of their country, state, or locality toward tourism. They also regulate the different components of the industry on a day-to-day basis. Second, they perform the research and analysis that result in statistics on the tourist industry. Third, they are often involved in the development of tourism in their areas. This is especially true in the developing countries, but it occurs in industrialized areas as well. Fourth, governments are actively engaged in promoting a flow

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of tourism to their regions with advertising or public relations techniques. In many countries, tourism is so important that its interests are represented at the ministerial level of government. Spain, for example, has a Ministry of Tourism and Information.

One of the ways in which countries or regions can promote tourism is by relaxing the kind of regulation that usually comes under the heading of “red tape”. Travel is made easier when there are no visa requirements and when the entry formalities are simple.

National policy can also discourage tourism. In some cases, this may work to prevent the country’s nationals from traveling outward. Some countries have a tourist deficit: that is, the money citizens of the country take out of their countries is greater than the amount that tourists from other countries bring in.

Any country can discourage incoming tourism simply by not providing accommodations and catering services or by restricting the length of time a traveler can stay in that country. Some countries have set visa and entrance requirements that severely restrict entry.

Governments at all levels are also involved in day-to day regulations of the tourist facilities including various kinds of licensing requirements once the business is in operation. A licence is a document giving permission to carry on a particular kind of activity after meeting prescribed standards and paying a fee. Catering establishments must be inspected periodically in most localities to ensure that they maintain the standards of cleanliness.

One of the principal purposes for the existence of either official or semiofficial tourist bureaus is to gather travel statistics. The arrival cards that are customary feature of international travel are the basis for many of the statistics. Departure cards are also required in several countries in order to get more accurate figures on the length of the tourist’s stay. These forms are also known as embarkation and disembarkation cards.

Research involves travel statistics, tourist expenditures, the purpose of trip or the tourist reactions to vacation. Statistics should be considered as estimates rather than accurate figures. Much of the purpose of research simply involves a classification count – business, pleasure, visiting friends or relatives, health, and so on. Deeper research tries to find out why tourists visited a particular resort and what their reactions were.

Still another kind of research in tourism involves trying to determine the social impact of tourism on an area. This has become almost a prerequisite before undertaking tourist development.

Most governments now try to regulate the location and density of new developments, thereby spreading the economic benefits more widely.

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Many countries have become involved in the development of tourism through direct financial investment. One of the methods is tax incentives. In some cases, builders and operators have been allowed to run their facilities for as long as ten years without paying taxes. In other cases, taxes have been reduced or payment has been postponed until the operation was returning a profit. It should be pointed out, however, that governments are not acting merely out of generosity in giving out such benefits, since their own revenues increase in the long run as a result of the money brought in by tourism.

Where the government investment is not direct, there must be an indirect investment in the form of building or improving the infrastructure. The infrastructure consists of those things that are necessary before development can take place – roads, sewers, electricity, telephone service, airports, and water supply. The facilities that are based on the infrastructure are often called the superstructure.

Another way in which governments encourage tourism is institution of training programs for service personnel in order to have people available to fill the jobs generated by tourism.

Before a government undertakes tourist development, it usually attempts to determine the market potential – the number or percentage of travelers it can hope to attract. This is followed by studies of the social impact and very often of the environmental impact – what tourism will do to the natural surroundings. The research is followed by actual planning and development that include improvement of the infrastructure, financial arrangements, and construction of the superstructure. The tendency at the present time is strongly in favor of careful research and planning instead of the more or less unrestricted growth and expansion.

Comprehension

1.Answer the questions.

1.Why are the roles of governments vital for tourism?

2.How can tourism be promoted?

3.In what ways can travel be made easier?

4.How can national policy discourage tourism?

5.What is a license? Why is it important?

6.Why must catering establishments be inspected regularly?

7.What does research in tourism involve?

8.What is the purpose of deeper research?

9.Why is the social impact of tourism on an area important?

10.In what way can development of tourism affect the environment?

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11.What is the role of infrastructure for development of tourism?

12.What is superstructure?

13.How else can government encourage tourism?

14.What is the market potential?

15.What steps should be taken before starting tourist development?

16.What is the tendency in tourist development at present time?

2.Sum up what you’ve learned from the text about:

a)the roles of government for tourist development;

b)the ways of promoting tourism;

c)the ways of discouraging tourism;

d)licensing in tourism;

e)different lines of research in tourism;

f)the importance of infrastructure and superstructure in tourism;

g)the current tendency in tourism development.

3.Read the statements, define whether they are true or false, speak on them.

1.Government plays only a minor role in tourism.

2.All tourist statistics are completely reliable.

3.Red tape such as visas and complicated entry formalities make it easy to travel from one country to another.

4.National policies can discourage tourism.

5.Governments never attempt any kind of day-to-day regulations of any part of the tourist industry.

6.No research is ever done concerning the reasons why people travel or their reactions to their vacations.

7.Many governments have made direct financial investments in the development of tourist facilities.

8.The infrastructure can be quickly developed without any planning or assistance from government.

9.Hotels, golf courses, swimming pools, restaurants, and parking lots are part of the infrastructure.

10.Governments never participate in programs to train personnel for touristconnected jobs.

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Language focus

1. Look through the text and match the definitions given below with the words and phrases from the text.

2.Insert prepositions.

1.The research and analysis result … statistics … the tourist industry.

2.Governments are actively engaged … promoting a flow of tourism to their regions … advertising or public relations techniques.

3.Departure cards are required in order to get more accurate figures … the length of the tourist stay.

4.Many tourist countries give their statistics … terms of arrivals.

5.The governments don’t act merely … … generosity in giving out such benefits, since their own revenues increase … the long run as a result … the money brought … by tourism.

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6.The facilities that are based … the infrastructure are often called the superstructure.

3.Complete the sentences using the words given below in a proper form.

1.How much does your company spend on __________.

2.Your support is __________ to the success of my plan.

3.They are trying ___________ Dubai as a tourist destination.

4.He has applied for an __________.

5.The political instability of the region _________ investment by big companies.

6.The final cost was $2000 higher than the original __________.

7.Government _________ on education is rising.

8.The cost of these two trips can be _________ for tax purposes.

9.She completely _________ all our objections.

10.Arrival cards filled out by international passengers are also called _________.

11.Many governments __________ training programs in order to have people available to fill the jobs ___________ by tourism.

12.Governments __________ in promoting _________ of tourism to their regions with advertising or public relations techniques.

13.Many tourist countries give their statistics __________.

4.Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

1.Необходимо проводить исследование и анализ туристической индустрии для того, чтобы более эффективно регулировать ее развитие.

2.Снятие ограничений на въезд в страну или ослабление правил въезда способствуют развитию туризма.

3.Политика государства в области туризма играет существенную роль в развитии необходимой инфраструктуры.

4.Правительства занимаются на самых разных уровнях повседневным регулированием индустрии туризма.

5.Деятельность всех компаний и предприятий, работающих в области туризма, должна контролироваться государством.

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6.Прямые и опосредованные инвестиции в развитие туризма должны распределяться таким образом, чтобы экономические выгоды распределялись равномерно по всем регионам.

7.Туризм должен быть экономически безопасным, его влияние на окружающую среду обязательно должно учитываться при составлении перспективных планов.

8.Его обязанность – нанимать высококвалифицированный персонал.

9.Срок его визы истек.

10.Комитет выдвинул предложение ослабить иммиграционный контроль.

11.Правительство определяет политику страны в отношении туризма.

12.Правительства многих стран разрабатывают программы развития туризма для увеличения рабочих мест.

13.Въездной туризм приносит многим странам больше денег, чем выездной.

Speaking

B. Describe the tourist-connected activities that are carried on by the government in your country or region. What kind of organization or organizations are involved in these activities? Does government encourage or discourage tourism? In what ways? How is tourism regulated? Who carries on statistical research on tourism? How? What part does government play in tourist development? Is the participation of government in tourism adequate? If not, how can it be increased or improved?

Part two

Listening

Listen to the interview with Signor Pacini of the Sicilian Tourist Board who is talking about tourism in Sicily and how the regional government is trying to improve the industry there.

Note the following words from the interview:

1.itinerary – маршрут, путь; путеводитель

2.the terrain – местность; особенности территории

3.wild life / wildlife – живая природа (лес, поле, пустыня, океан и их обитатели); заповедник

4.a diversity – разнообразие, многообразие; разнородность

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3.varied (от vary) – различный; многосторонний

4.to a certain degree – в определенной степени

7.cultural heritage – наследие; культурное наследие

8.ecotourist – green tourist; an ecofriendly tourist takes care of environment

9.to be activity conscious – сознательно стремиться к какой-л. деятельности; деятельно настроенный

10.sustainable tourism = tourism that does not destroy environment, tourism that sustains landscape and nature – туризм, не разрушающий окружающую среду; способствующий поддержанию природного, естественного баланса окружающей среды; экологически безопасный туризм

1. Answer the questions:

1.Why do tourists come to Sicily?

2.Are they attracted only by the climate?

3.What else attracts people to those places?

4.Why is it a popular itinerary for ecotourists?

5.How are tourists' requirements changing?

6.What is your understanding of the words “they are now far more activity conscious”?

7.What do modern tourists demand?

8.What is the idea of a European Community project to promote sustainable tourism?

9.Why do the Italians need tourism?

10.What kind of tourism do they need?

2.Sum up the interview with Signor Pacini.

Language focus

Travel crossword

ALL THE WORDS in this crossword are connected with travel.

Across

1. Journey on an aircraft (6).

4. “I’ m going to Paris next week on a business _________ .” (4)

7.Stage of the journey, part of the body (3)

8.Opposite to west (4)

9.Returning to the home country (7)

10.Place you keep cars etc (6)

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12. Hunting expedition in Africa (6)

15.Temporary house made of cloth (4)

16.Journey on a ship going from place to place (6)

17.Group of ship, aircraft or road vehicles (5)

18.An engine and a set of coaches traveling on rails (5)

19.‘You can get good prices ____________season’

21.One, two, three, four or five __________ : rating system for hotels (4)

22.Money paid to hire a car (6)

23.Ride, rode, ___________ (6)

Down

1.Cost of transporting goods (7)

2.‘If you’re going abroad you should take out medical ___________ .’ (9)

3.Cars with drivers for short-term hire (6)

5.Type of ferry which cars and lorries can use (4)

6.What you intend to do (4)

11. Person traveling with a passenger (9)

13.Opposite of departure (7)

14.‘You can’t sit here: this seat’s ___________’ (8)

17. ‘There’s fantastic view of the city from the top _________ of the hotel’ (5)

20.‘There isn’t air-conditioning in the room, but there is a ceiling _________’ (3)

21.Road, rail, air & _________ (3)

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Grammar practice

Question forms

1. A consultant is interviewing a passenger in the departure lounge at Changi

Airport in Singapore. Read the passenger’s replies and work out what the questions were. The first one has been done for you.

Interviewer Excuse me, sir, would you mind answering some questions about the level of service you have been received at the airport?

Passenger No, not at all. My flight doesn’t leave for twenty minutes.

Interviewer Thank you. (travel/airport)¹ How did you travel to the airport?

Passenger I came by taxi.

Interviewer (how long/wait/check in)² ____________________________________?

Passenger Only five minutes or so. It was very efficient.

Interviewer (any problems/finding your way around) ³________________________? Passenger No, I didn’t have any at all – everything was very clear.

Interviewer (airline/fly) 4 ______________________________________________? Passenger With Singapore Airlines.

Interviewer (you/go) 5 _________________________________________________?

Passenger I’m going to Amsterdam.

Interviewer (travel/business/holiday) 6 ____________________________________?

Passenger I’m travelling on business, but I’m hoping to have a few days’ holiday as well.

Interviewer (use/duty-free shop) 7 _______________________________________? Passenger Yes, I have. I bought some whisky and some cigars.

Interviewer (other airport facilities/use) 8 __________________________________? Passenger None. Oh, wait a minute. I used the bank to change some money. Interviewer (any improvements/like to see) 9 _______________________________?

Passenger Yes, I’d love to see some signs in Dutch, but I don’t suppose that’s very likely.

2. A passenger at an airport is being asked about his hotel arrangements. Rephrase the interviewer’s questions beginning with the polite phrases in brackets. The first one has been done for you.

1.Which hotel will you be staying at? (Could you tell me…?)

Could you tell me which hotel you will be staying at?

2.Have you ever been there before? (May I…?)

3.Did anyone recommend it to you? (Can you…?)

4.Why did you choose it? (Would you mind …?)

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5.How much does it cost? (Could you…?)

6.What facilities does it have? (Can you …?)

7.Does the hotel have a courtesy bus? (May I …?)

8.When will you be leaving? (Would you mind …?)

3.Rewrite these sentences in the correct order.

1.you me is when can tell the station?

2.to Florida you do any know are there cheap if flights?

3.please this form you in fill could?

4.ask mind do some you if I you questions?

5.a clerk you would mind is free until waiting?

6.you me the brochures are show where winter-sun can?

7.when leaves the train next to know would I like?

8. tell me you spend to could much how you wish?

Reading

Read a passage and point out the key factors of tourism development in Great Britain.

OVERSEAS MARKETS

Overseas visits to Britain are increasing, as is the amount of money visitors spend once they are here. Britain is now winning back the market share of world tourism which it lost during the 1980s and 1990s. Tourism is our fastest growing industry and the UK now accounts for around 5 per cent of world tourism receipts.

The British Tourist Authority (BTA) is the statutory body responsible for promoting Britain as a tourist destination worldwide. BTA works in partnership with the Scottish, English, Wales and regional tourist boards, and is a government-sponsored agency funded by the Department of National Heritage.

BTA's main responsibilities are:

—to promote tourism to Britain from overseas;

—to advise the government on tourism matters affecting Britain as a whole;

—encouraging the provision and improvement of tourist amenities in Britain.

In addition to its 'head office' in London, the BTA has a network of over 40 offices overseas which handle enquiries on Britain from members of the public, travel trade and media.

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External influences on international travel to Britain.

Socio-economic factors, demographic trends, the travel patterns of different nationalities, and political factors all have a decisive influence on international travel to Britain. Economic forecasts can help to determine target markets.

Decisive economic factors include employment and unemployment levels, interest rates, consumer confidence and levels of disposable income.

Discretionary or disposable income (the sum left once essential living costs and other fixed costs such as mortgage repayments have been paid) is a key determinant of tourism demand. The cost of travel is a further determinant. The worldwide trend towards deregulation of air travel should lead to reductions in air fares as competition between airlines intensifies. There is also increased competition on the Channel routes, between the ferry companies and the Channel Tunnel.

Accommodation and entertainment costs (such as shopping, eating out and entry to attractions) are equally important in determining Britain's competitiveness, as are exchange rates.

Other social factors which affect international travel trends are age, standard of living and holiday entitlement.

Factors accounting for Britain's popularity as a tourist destination.

Research undertaken by the BTA has shown that visitors to Britain are attracted by several aspects:

a)Heritage, countryside and attractions

—historic cities

—cathedrals and churches

—castles

—stately homes and their gardens

—industrial heritage

—museums and galleries

—literary heritage

—tradition and pageantry

—the beauty and diversity of Britain's countryside and coasts

b)Entertainment and the arts

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— sporting events — including Wimbledon tennis, British Open golf, Five Nations rugby, the FA Cup Final and major horse races.

—B&Bs and the opportunity they offer to stay in the home of a British family are especially popular with overseas visitors.

d)Shopping

— Britain is renowned for its shopping in terms of quality, variety and value for money.

— Markets remain a strong favourite with many visitors.

(from "Successful Tourism Marketing")

Write a brief summary of the text.

Speaking

1.Using the information from the text discuss development of tourism in Russia along the following lines:

1.What government body in Russia is responsible for promoting Russia as a tourist destination?

2.What factors influence the development of international tourism in Russia?

3.What are the main attractions of Russia for foreign travellers?

4.What nationalities are Russia's most frequent visitors? Why?

5.What is Russia’s biggest potential growth market for tourism? Why do you think so?

6.What needs to be done to persuade more people to visit Russia?

2.Speak about prospects for tourism development in Russia.

3.Find the statistics for tourist travel in the current year and discuss it with your group mates. Use the questions below.

1.What countries head the list of the most popular tourist destination?

2.What makes them so attractive for tourists?

3.What countries are at the bottom of the list? Why?

4.Where is Russia on the list?

5.Are you satisfied with its position in the world of tourism?

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UNIT V TOURIST PROMOTION

Part one

Words to remember

-to retain the market – сохранить, поддержать рынок

-fringe benefits – льготы, предоставляемые по месту работы помимо заработной платы: напр., оплаченные отпуска, служебный автомобиль и т.п.

-to overcome seasonal bias – преодолеть сезонные тенденции, сезонность

-retail – розничный; розничная продажа

-to launch an advertising campaign – начать, развернуть рекламную кампанию

-publicity – гласность

-advertising – реклама (как вид деятельности)

-advertisement – реклама (как продукт рекламы); рекламное объявление

-feature – большая газетная статья

-facilities (pl.) – оборудование, сооружения; средства, возможности, благоприятные условия для осуществления какой-л. деятельности

-amenities (pl.) – удобства; все, что способствует хорошему настроению, отдыху

-familiarization – ознакомление, осваивание

-tourist-generating regions – регионы-поставщики туристов

-to pinpoint – точно определить

-institutional advertising – престижная реклама фирмы; институциональная реклама (рекламирование достоинств компании)

-in the public view (eye) – на виду, в центре внимания

-throwaway – рекламный листок

-direct mailing – прямая почтовая рассылка

-word of mouth – «из уст в уста»; устная реклама; передача информации при устном общении

Reading

Read the text, then look through the comprehension exercises and speak on the text.

Tourist Promotion

There have been three aims of most tourist promotion lately. The first has been to retain the established market of people for whom travel is a normal form of recreation.

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The second purpose of tourist promotion has been to increase the size of the market. In order the tourism to grow, it is necessary to attract people who would not have traveled much until the last few years. It is significant for tourism that labor unions now fight for fringe benefits such as longer paid vacations and shorter work weeks. A three-day weekend, a distinct possibility in the not-too-distant future, would almost certainly cause an increase at least in domestic tourism.

The third goal of tourist promotion has been to overcome what might best be called its seasonal bias. In many countries, summer was the traditional vacation season. In France, the summer vacation has extended even to the shutting down of many stores and small businesses. Hundreds of thousands of Frenchmen leave Paris in August for the south of France or for destinations outside the country.

Winter vacations have been heavily promoted to spread tourism more evenly throughout the year. There has been a big increase in facilities for winter sports. Ski resorts have sprung up which attract not just the wealthy to resorts but also the office and factory workers who want to get out on the ski slopes for a winter weekend.

Many different organizations are involved in tourist promotion. They include official and semiofficial tourist bureaus, the transportation companies, tour operators, retail travel agents, and individual hotels or hotel chains. Through their tourist offices, governments do a great deal of tourist promotion, both in the form of advertising and publicity. Governments of some countries launched an advertising campaign to attract foreign visitors and thereby help overcome their huge tourist deficit.

There are two major kinds of promotion – publicity and advertising. Publicity might well be termed free advertising. It consists of stories placed in newspapers and magazines about travel, accommodations, restaurants, and other parts of the whole tourist industry. Many newspapers and magazines carry such stories regularly as features. Professional travel writers journey from resort area to resort area to report on the facilities and amenities that are available.

News events that apparently have nothing to do with tourism frequently provide a great deal of indirect publicity for the industry. The Olympic Games are an excellent example. Stories about the Olympics appear on the sports pages, but a desire to see the Games is generated in many people by all the publicity. Some news events, on the other hand, discourage tourism – the bombing of luxurious hotels in San Juan, for example.

Another kind of tourist-connected public relations comes under the heading familiarization. People in the industry, especially those involved in sales – travel agents – are frequently provided with free trips to tourist destinations. They will be able to answer questions from their own experience. Familiarization trips are often

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extended to other people in the tourist industry, especially tour operators and employees of the transportation companies and government bureaus.

Tourist advertising is a large business in itself. Most of the advertising is directed toward the large tourist-generating regions.

Media, the plural of medium, is a term that is used for the different means of spreading information in the form of news and advertising. Newspapers and magazines

– the print media, and radio and television – the broadcast media – are usually included in the term. Once the market area has been pinpointed, the advertiser tries to select the particular medium that will reach those people who are likely to purchase the services that he is promoting.

Television reaches the largest market, one that generally cuts across different social and income groups. TV time is also very expensive, so it is used principally by transportation companies and government tourist agencies for institutional advertising, keeping the name of the company or the region in the public view without giving many specific details about services. Radio serves a more limited audience since it cannot transmit the beautiful pictures and colours of television. But it is unique because it can reach people driving their automobiles.

Of the print media, newspapers reach the broadest group of people. Many papers in big tourist markets have a weekly travel section. In addition to feature stories, the travel section carries many ads for particular tours and particular resorts.

Most magazines nowadays are directed to special-interest groups. Gourmet is a good example. Some institutional advertising appears in magazines, but for the most part they carry advertising directed to the groups who read the magazines. Some magazines are intended specifically for the travel trade.

Another form of advertising is the brochure. It can be an elaborate pamphlet on glossy paper with beautiful color photographs, or a simple throwaway with a page of details for a tour. Tour operators distribute brochures and throwaways in large numbers to travel agents in the market area they are trying to reach. In addition, many of them are sent out by direct mailing to selected list of customers by tour operators and travel agents. The names and addresses are gathered from those who have been on previous tours, from people who hold credit cards, or from similar sources.

Perhaps the most effective kind of tourist promotion is the one that cannot be manipulated by the industry. This is word of mouth, what one person says to another about his vacation. And this is indeed a major topic of conversation among people who travel. Like news stories, the results of word of mouth can be good or bad. A recommendation of a resort or hotel by one family to another can significantly

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influence the choice people are likely to make. On the other hand, bad report spread around by disgruntled tourists may sharply cut tourism.

Among other things, word of mouth guarantees that the tourist industry will provide more or less what it promises. One might say that it is a powerful force in keeping the industry honest.

Comprehension

1.Answer the questions

1.What have been the aims of most tourist promotion lately?

2.What has been done to spread tourism more evenly during the year?

3.What kinds of organizations are involved in tourist promotion?

4.What are some types of publicity in tourist promotion?

5.How do professional travel writers provide publicity for tourism?

6.What is another kind of tourist-connected public relations? What does this involve?

7.Where is tourist advertising directed? Is the advertising concentrated equally throughout these areas?

8.What kind of market does television reach?

9.Why does radio serve a more limited audience?

10.Why does radio serve a more limited audience?

11.What kinds of brochures are used in travel advertising?

12.How are brochures and throwaways distributed?

13.What is an effective form of tourist promotion that cannot be controlled by the industry?

14.What does word of mouth guarantee concerning the tourist industry?

2.Sum up what you’ve learned from the text about:

a)the major aims of most tourist promotion;

b)the major kinds of tourist promotion;

c)various means of tourist promotion; their advantages and disadvantages;

d)the effect of word of mouth for tourist promotion.

3.Read the statements, define whether they are true or false, speak on them.

1.Very little advertising is carried on by the tourist industry.

2.The only group within the tourist industry that carries on promotion is made up of the transportation companies.

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3.Fringe benefits such as paid vacations and longer weekends are an important factor in the growth of tourism.

4.Tourist promotion has only tried to retain the existing market of well-to-do, middle-aged people who travel away.

5.There has been a great deal of effort by the tourist industry to spread recreational travel more evenly throughout the year.

6.Newspapers and magazines never carry stories or articles about tourism and travel.

7.People who read the sports pages or other sections of a newspaper often see stories that may make them want to travel.

8.Travel agents, airline employees, and other tourist industry personnel often receive free trips to resort areas so that they can get to know different tourist places.

9.The different information media reach different groups of people.

10.Tourist promotion is spread equally throughout the world since all places generate a large volume of tourist traffic.

11.Television time is cheap; thus, it is frequently used to advertise the details of specific tours.

12.Magazines reach special-interest groups with both institutional advertising and information about particular tours.

13.Brochures about tours are frequently mailed to people who are credit card holders.

14.All current airline advertising emphasizes in-flight services since it has been determined that this is what makes people want to fly.

15.Word of mouth from tourists has no influence on decisions that other people make about where to go on their vacations.

16.Word of mouth is helpful to the tourist because it helps to make the industry live up to its own advertising claims.

Language focus

1. Look through the text and match the definitions given below with the words and phrases from the text.

2.Insert prepositions.

1.Labor unions fight … fringe benefits.

2.In France, the summer vacation has extended to the shutting … of many stores and small businesses.

3.Ski resorts have sprung … which attract many people who want to get out … the ski slopes for a winter weekend.

4.An American magazine called Gourmet appeals … lovers of good food.

5.Travel agents are frequently provided … free trips … tourist destination areas.

6.Some magazines are intended specifically … the travel trade.

7.Some magazines are directed … special-interest groups.

8.Many brochures are sent … by direct mailing … selected lists of customers by tour operators.

9.You should familiarize yourself … the rules before you start to play the game.

10.Word of mouth is a powerful force … keeping the industry honest.

3.Fill in the spaces in the following sentences with the appropriate word or phrase. Translate the sentences into Russian.

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Facilities, directed, to appeal to, put out, to pinpoint, to manipulate, medium, to be intended, word of mouth, amenities, to generate, publicity, throwaways, to push.

1.I prefer that part of the city because there are plenty of good _______.

2.The _________ at the hotel are excellent – tennis courts, swimming pool, several bars and a good restaurant.

3.I’m sure this delighted book will ________ children of all ages.

4.The discovery of Titanic _________ enormous interest on both sides of the Atlantic.

5.Most of the money will be ________ towards developing infrastructure of this area.

6.The company __________ its new product.

7.When the market area has been _________, the advertiser tries to select the particular ________.

8.Tour operators distribute brochures and _________ in large numbers to travel

agents in the market area they are trying to reach.

9.The most effective kind of tourist promotion is the one that cannot be ________ by the industry. This is ________, what one person says to another about his vacation.

10.Brochures are usually _______ for promotional purposes.

11.________ might be well be termed free advertising.

12.Several magazines _______ specifically for the travel trade.

4.Translate the sentences from Russian into English.

A.

1.Город вырос и предлагает много удобств: новый торговый центр, зоны отдыха и разнообразные рестораны.

2.Строительство новых отелей на побережье вызвало огромный интерес у инвесторов.

3.Пожалуйста, направляйте свои жалобы менеджеру.

4.Многие журналы предназначены специально для туристов.

5.Как журналисты, мы должны различать факты и мнения.

6.Устная реклама отговаривает людей посещать этот отель из-за того, что в нем мало удобств.

7.Экономический спад привёл к тому, что многие компании прекратили свою работу на неопределённый срок и вынуждены были сократить рабочих.

8.В последнее время появилось много лыжных курортов, которые привлекают не только богатых, но и людей со средним доходом.

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9.Правительство страны начало рекламную кампанию, чтобы привлечь иностранных туристов и таким образом помочь преодолеть огромный туристский дефицит.

10.Любителям хорошей еды нравится американский журнал «Гурман», предлагающий информацию о кухнях разных стран.

11.Так как телевизионное время очень дорого, его используют главным образом транспортные компании и правительственные турагентства для престижной рекламы фирмы.

12.Рекламная брошюра заинтриговала меня, и я решил провести отпуск на этом лыжном курорте.

13.Правительство использует средства информации, чтобы привлечь туристов.

14.Чтобы заинтриговать публику, нужно начать хорошую рекламную кампанию.

15.Ознакомительные поездки предлагаются людям, работающим в туриндустрии, особенно туроператорам и работникам транспортных компаний.

B. Продвижение является одним из компонентов маркетингового комплекса, применяемым туристскими фирмами для оказания воздействия на тех, от кого зависит продажа их продукта. Оно включает в себя четыре основных элемента.

Реклама – форма, которая используется для достижения множества целей, а именно создания имиджа продукта. Реклама – это оплачиваемое средство общения через прессу (путеводители, журналы, газеты, почтовая корреспонденция, телевидение, радио) о продукте, которая представляет спонсора.

Паблик рилейшинз применяет средства массовой информации для освещения туристского продукта или изменения общественного мнения о нём. Информация передаётся с помощью пресс-релизов или редакционных заметок, а также опровержений. Чтобы предотвратить появление недобросовестной информации, компании часто устанавливают знакомства с влиятельными информационными агентствами.

Продвижение продаж используется компаниями для стимулирования желаемого результата от потенциальных клиентов. Например, в индустрии гостеприимства практикуются предложения бесплатных ночевок в отелях или бесплатной дегустации крепких напитков в ресторанах в целях повышения спроса на их продукцию. Конечно, эти мероприятия повышают себестоимость продукта, поэтому их применяют в течение непродолжительного времени.

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Персональная продажа. Этот метод включает в основном общение «тет-а-тет» или по телефону между продавцом и клиентами. Его часто применяют, например, менеджеры по организации конференций крупных гостиничных комплексов.

Speaking

Planning a promotional campaign. Divide into groups. You are going to plan a campaign to promote tourism in the region where you are studying. These are your main aims:

— to promote the region in general as a destination for potential tourists;

— to promote a particular annual event, such as a festival, a sporting tournament, or an anniversary of a local building or institution.

You will need to research and plan your campaign very carefully. Follow the guidelines below.

1. Define exactly what it is that your region offers to tourists and visitors. Decide which

What areas are you particularly aiming to increase?

4.Identify the best way to reach your target markets. Which promotional activities and methods are you going to use?

5.Identify the resources you will need to carry out your campaign.

6.Set a schedule for the next twelve months for both:

a)the general campaign to promote your region, and b)the promotion of the annual event you have chosen.

Prepare your opinions and plans in the form of a report that can be shown to the rest of the class.

Part two

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Reading

How to sell your product

Travel agents are concerned with direct face-to face promotion and selling. You are going to read the article, “How to sell your product”, which gives travel agents some information on the five stages of selling.

1.Before you read, what order do you think these five stages would be in? a. find out what the customer wants

b. post-sales contact

c. show product knowledge and expertise d. help the customer relax

e. close the sale

2.Now read the article to identify the correct order and provide the five missing subheadings.

How to sell your product

Competition in the travel agency business is tough. Businesses that want to survive must know how to gain customer confidence, present their products and ultimately close the sale. Many books have been written on the art of successful selling, so here are some of the choicest tips in the five simple stages.

1.First impressions count. As Oscar Wilde said, “Only the superficial cannot judge by appearances”. Whether or not you agree with him, there is no denying the fact that most people hope a visit to the travel agent will be prelude to, if not the memory of lifetime, then at least the high point of the year. A warm smile, a pleasant appearance, and a good eye contact all help the would-be traveler to relax, safe the knowledge that he or she is in the hands of a professional.

2.The next stage is to identify the needs of the prospective client. This is done by asking questions about the composition of the group, the destination and duration of their trip, their preferred mode of travel, and their anticipated expenditure.

The problem encountered at this stage range from the client not having a very clear idea of what they want, to their being unrealistic about what it is going to cost. As soon as the salesperson has established the customer’s requirements, he or she moves to the next stage.

3.Effective sales staff will demonstrate good product knowledge by pointing out not only the relevant features of a variety of travel packages, but also their advantages.

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Leave the ordinary behind

You love to ski or snowboard but you are …tired of hard-packed runs, lift lines, and crowded slopes?

You have heliskied but you are … wondering if there is something beyond the experience of heliskiing with three or four groups using the same helicopter?

Yes… It is time to join us in British Columbia’s Cariboo/Chilcotin mountains for Canada’s extraordinary Helicopter Skiing experience.

Advanced to expert skiers and boarders will find lots of powder, diversified terrain, and challenging runs in a huge area!

Immediate skiers and boarders will find our new Heli-Relax groups the perfect way to experience the most exciting skiing on earth!

All will find our exclusive service of skiing with only two groups per helicopter and our fantastic mountain lodge facility the perfect way to enjoy the most outstanding ski vacation ever.

Your powder paradise is located 62 miles (100 km) north of Whistler Resort,

British Columbia, Canada.

Tyax Lodge Heliskiing

PO Box 118, Vernon, BCV1T 6#4, Canada Tel: 001 (250) 558-5379

Fax: 001 (250) 558-5389 e-mail: heliski@mindlink.bc.ca

Internet site: http/www.tlhheliskiing.com

2. Listen to these three conversations on the telephone. In each call the enquirer is asking for more details about one of the advertised holidays.

a. Which advertised holiday is being discussed?

Conversation 1_________________________________________________

Conversation 2_________________________________________________

Conversation 3_________________________________________________

b. In which of the holidays are these places and things mentioned?

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c. For each holiday, note down any information given about the following topics.

-location, scenery, etc.

-accommodation and facilities

-length of holidays and itineraries on offer

-what to do and see

-meal arrangements

Vocabulary practice

1. Marketing. Choose the word which best completes each sentence.

1. One way to find out your customers, their needs and how much money they are willing to spend is to ask them to complete ………………………… .

3. One way to tell the public that the outlet exists by ……………………. an

4. Some companies may decide to advertise all over the country in an advertising

8. Free badges, hats, T-shirts, and book matches are examples of ……………… material. a) selling b) potential c) promotional

9. A restaurant will lose same if it gets bad …………………….. in local newspapers after an accident.

a) publication b) public c) publicity

10. On the other hand, a newspaper ………………………. about the excellent food and service will increase sales.

a) story b) advice c) article

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11. In large towns you have to …………………………… with other outlets.

2. Sort the words below into fifteen pairs. Each pair consists of two words with opposite meanings. For example: close; open.

3. Check your answer to Exercise 2 and then complete these fifteen sentences using one word from each pair. Sometimes you may have to change the form of a word.

For example: take off; the plane took off two hours ago.

1.We’ve just _________ in Washington: can you send someone to the airport to meet us?

2.If possible I’d like to ___________ our meeting until Tuesday: Monday is going to be a difficult day for me.

3.This bill’s wrong: you’ve ____________ me by $ 6.50.

4.There was a technical problem with the doors on the aeroplane and the passengers had to wait twenty minutes to ____________ .

5.I’m sorry I’m _____________: I couldn’t get a taxi.

6.The hotel made a $1 million ____________ this year, so we’re paying a bonus to the staff. 7.I’m calling to ___________ my reservation for Monday; I’ll be arriving at about noon.

8.VAT is ____________ at 17.5%.

9.The hotel sends someone to the airport to meet _____________ flights.

10.If this holiday’s too _____________ you could consider somewhere closer to home.

11.The hotel has accommodation for up to 2,000 ___________ at any one time. 12.I’d like a _____________ room for myself and my wife.

13.I’m booked on BA 152 to Budapest and I’d like to check the ____________ time. 14.The number of visitors to Spain ______________ in the winter months. 15.Could you possibly ______________ this fax for me?

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Grammar practice

1. Referring to the future.

Complete the conversation between Dominic and Lesley, two travel consultants, who are talking about Lesley’s plans for Christmas. It is 15th December. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses and make any other necessary alterations.

Dominic: What (a)……………you ……………(do) for Christmas? Lesley: I’m really lucky. I’ve been chosen to go to a trip to Jamaica!

Dominic: Lucky you! How long (b) …………… you …………… (be) away?

Lesley: Ten days in all. I (c) …………… (leave) on 19th December and

(d)……………(arrive) home in time for New Year

Dominic: What kinds of things (e) ……………… (do) while you are there?

Lesley: I (f) …………. (tour) the island. I (g) ……………..(stay) in three resorts:

Montego Bay, Ocho Rios and Port Antonio.

Dominic: Has your itinerary been planned for you or (h)………… you ……………

(be able) to decide what you (i) …………do when you.(j) ………… get there? Lesley: A bit of both, I suppose. My plane (k) ………….. (leave) from Heathrow on 19th December for Montego Bay where I (l)………….. (stay) in The Richmond Hill

Hotel. While I (m) …………… (be) there I (n) …………… (have to) complete the questionnaire on what there is to do in the resort, the quality of service, the cost of snacks and drinks for the agency. But I (o) …………… definitely (go) to Chukka Cove while I (p) ……… …. (be) there to see the polo.

Dominic: (q) ………….. you………….. (be) in time to watch the Jam-Am yacht race? Lesley: No, unfortunately it (r) ………… (finish) before I (s) ………...(arrive). Dominic: That’s a shame. But I wish I (t) ………… (go).

2.Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb.

1.Could you ring the airport and ask what time the first flight to Brussels will leave/leaves?

2.We’d better hurry up – it looks as if it’s going to rain/will be raining.

3.The Antarctic will certainly become/will certainly be becoming an important tourist destination.

4.I’m fed up with working here. I’m going to try/will try to get a better job somewhere else.

5.The Prince of Wales is to open/will have been opening the new theme park on April 1st.

6.Ricardo says he doesn’t attend/won’t be attending the meeting – he thinks it will be/is to be a waste of time.

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7.At 9.05 tomorrow evening I will be giving/will give a welcoming talk to the new arrivals.

8.I am going to describe/will describe the itinerary for you.

9.You will be visiting/will have visited most of the famous places.

10.From Beijing we go/are going by coach to a smaller city in the North.

11.By the end of the tour hopefully you will have learnt/will be learning a lot about China.

12.The president is opening/will have opened the new hotel next month

Reading

1. Read an interview with George Webber who works for a large tour operator. He is talking about "familiarization trips".

I. — the Interviewer

G. W. — George Webber

I. – George, you've been working for one of Europe's largest tour operators for the past twenty years. Can you tell us what familiarization trips are?

G. W. – Well, the familiarization trip or "fam trip," as it is commonly known means different things to different people. Basically, for us, it is an opportunity for the people who sell our holidays to get to know our hotels and resorts better. We, as a tour operator, get together with an airline, the relevant national tourist office, and one or more of our hotels to construct a trip for the employees of the travel agencies that we're dealing with. They will be staying in our hotels, which, we hope, they will then recommend to their customers. Now, in the past this was really often seen as a chance for, basically, a cheap holiday. You stayed in a nice hotel, met a few people and had a good time. Not much work was done. It was considered a kind of freebie.

I. – But not any more?

G. W. – Well, I think those days have long gone. In the current economic climate, everyone is looking for value for money. No one's got money to throw around. Organisations invest in fam trips in the hope of securing extra business. In the past, we simply saw familiarization trips as a kina of reward. These days, that's still important but we emphasize much more the learning or the "educational" side. Of course, we want people to have fun, but we need to see a return for our money. We want to make sure they go away with a good knowledge of our resorts and hotels. Any agency

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employee who comes on one of our fam trips is given a questionnaire to fill in while they are staying in the hotel, and we always ask for a report to be written afterwards. In that sense they're educational.

I. – You said earlier that fam trips were an opportunity for people to meet each other, but isn't it true that it's always the same kind of company that gets invited on fam trips

— by that I mean the big ones?

G. W. – Well, yes and no. Clearly we cannot send every employee in every agency on a familiarization trip. The important thing is to reward customer loyalty. So then we'll ask a good agency to send along a member of staff who has probably never stayed in one of our hotels before and see exactly what our hotels have to offer.

Naturally, popular agencies sell more of our holidays, so more of their employees will go on our fam trips.

I.– Right. So it's a question of how popular a travel agency is?

G. W. – Yes, but then there are the new-product educational trips. They may be quite different. Maybe our new hotels will appeal to travel agents that we don't do much, or even any, business with. When we have new hotels we wish to promote, we have to calculate which agencies to approach. Then we do deals with smaller agencies. All businesses need to evolve, so we can't just use the same hotels or the same travel agencies year after year.

I. – So who pays for fam trips?

G. W. – Well, as I said: tour operators, transportation companies, such as airlines, but also coach companies and ferry operators and the hotels themselves. We actually charge the agencies something for sending people along. That way agencies themselves become more concerned about getting value for money. We don't charge much, mind, or we wouldn't get anyone who was interested.

I. – Right. Will you be sending people out soon?

G. W. – Not right now, but we'll be sending people out in May, nearer the high season. Then by June we'll have arranged some more trips for the end of the summer, when we're not so busy. We also try to make sure that we send people who are in more or less the same positions in their firms. We don't usually have junior staff and senior management together, for example. They might feel a bit uncomfortable.

I. – Right. Well, thanks very much.

Note the following words and expressions from the interview:

1.relevant – имеющий к чему-л. отношение; относящийся к делу

2.to construct a trip – организовать поездку

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d)advertisement in theatre programme;

e)neon sign in city center;

f)advertisement on billboard by roadside;

g)poster at railway station or airport;

h)television advertisement;

i)cinema advertisement;

j)press release;

k)sponsorship of a sporting event;

l)sales promotion, e. g. early booking discount;

m)personal selling, face-to-face or telesales;

n)direct mailing / mailshots;

o)web site on the Internet;

p)point-of-sale promotion (leaflet, poster);

q)commission to selling agent.

4.Which type of promotional activity do you think would be best for the following? Give your reasons.

— cheap last-minute flights;

— new caravan and camping site;

— inclusive packages to see the next Olympic Games;

— travel insurance;

— new cut-price transatlantic air service;

— trekking holidays in Nepal;

— new children's theme park.

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Contents

Unit 1 The tourist industry ………………………………………………………… ..4 Unit 2 Tourism and transportation …………………………………………………. .21 Unit 3 Accommodations and catering ………………………………………………. 38 Unit 4 Regulations, research and development in tourism ………………………….. 57 Unit 5 Tourist promotion ……………………………………………………………. 70

Sources

1.Engene J. Hall. The Language of Tourism in English. Prentice Hall Regents, Engewood Cliffs, 1999.

2.Janice L/Landry, Anna H. Felsmile, Career & Technology, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1994.

3.Alison Pohl. Business English. Hotel and Catering. Penguin Books, 1996.

4.Miiram Jacob &Peter Strutt. English for International Tourism. Longman Limited, 1997.

5.Keith Harding. Going International. Oxford University Press, 2003.

6.Neil McBurney. Tourism. Professional Reading Skills Series, Longman, 2000.

7.Биржаков М. Б. Введение в туризм. – СПб. : Герда, 2004.

8.Гостиничный и туристический бизнес / под ред. проф. А. Д. Чудновского – М. : Издательство ЭКМОС, 1998.

9.Папирян Г. А. Экономика туризма. – М. : Финансы и статистика, 1998.