Кудинова Практическиы курс аглиыского языка для студентов международник Ч.1 2014

10.Не будь таким скептиком, преимуществ у этого варианта больше, чем недостатков.

4. Work in small groups to discuss the following statements. Think of arguments for and against each one.

1. People rely on technology too much these days and that often causes problems for them when technology fails them.

2. The pace of technological change is too fast in some countries and it doesn’t benefit their citizens.

3. Inventors of new ideas should share them, not protect them.

4. Technology can solve all the world’s problem, even climatic ones.

5. Technology often leads to social and environmental problems.

5. Write a short text (100-150 words) giving your opinion for or against one of the above statements.

Reading: Amish

1. Look at this pictures of American citizens of the XXth-XXIst century. What is unusual about these people? What do you think their life is like?

2. Read these questions from a website about the Amish community in North America. Look through the text and match the questions with the answers.

1)I’m going to Pensylvania next month and may meet some Amish. Why do people say they are so different?

2)Is there any way I can find more about them?

3)Do they ever use modern technology? If they have to go to hospital to have an operation – will they go? Or is it against the rules?

4)Why do they live in such an old-fashioned way?

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Amish: Frequently asked Questions

A___________________________

People say they are different because of their plain style of dress, limited use of technology, such as cars and electricity, and their simple way of life. If you visit an Amish area, you'll see women in long dresses and people travelling in buggies drawn by horses. And if you pass an Amish farm, you'll notice farm equipment being pulled by horses. You're unlikely to get to know any of the Amish, but if you were invited into an Amish home, you'd find no televisions, no telephones and no kitchen appliances run by electricity. The Amish are different and wish to separate themselves from mainstream society. They do not join the military, pay social security or accept financial assistance from the government.

B ___________________________

The Amish value simplicity and self-sufficiency. They are not inefficient. They just do not wish to depend on the outside world or on modern technology. The conveniences that we take for granted, such as electricity, television, cars and tractors are thought to create inequality and to lead the Amish away from their close-knit community. They are considered inappropriate and are not encouraged or accepted. The Amish believe in equality and they are not attracted by material comforts. They live in a separate world, with its own values, the most important of which is a mistrust of anything modern, especially modern technology.

C___________________

The Amish do compromise with the modern world, as long as it is strictly necessary. They dislike the telephone as it interferes with their separation from the world. It brings the outside world into their home and is an intrusion into their privacy. But, supposing that an Amish had to make an important telephone call, they would go to a small outbuilding usually located at an inconvenient distance from their home. And, to answer the second part of the question, if they had to go to hospital, they would be able to ride in cars and travel in planes. One final example: the Amish will even allow the use of modern farm equipment, provided that it is pulled by teams of horses and not tractors.

D ____________________________

You can search the Internet. But another way to find out more about the Amish is to watch the film Witness, starring Harrison Ford. Many think the film portrayed Amish lifestyle fairly accurately, although it showed a limited segment of Amish lifestyle. A lot of Amish had reservations-about the film because it was filmed in the geographical area of the Amish but not on a real Amish farm, and obviously the actors were not Amish.

3. Before you read again translate these vocabulary units from the text:

4.Discuss your attitude to the Amish’s lifestyle with a partner.

5.What ideas and things do the Amish reject or value? Why?

6.What are the antonyms to these words:

appropriate, convenient, efficient, equality, like, likely, trust

7.Try to think of or use a dictionary to find adjectives or nouns beginning with in, dis-, mis-, and un- ( 5 examples of each prefix).

8.Complete the following text using the opposites of the words in the box:

able, accurate, effective, efficient, equality, management, necessary, sensitive

Various problems have been found in the US health service in a recent report. It stated that US citizens spend around $300 billion on (1) ineffective, inappropriate and (2) _____treatments. It suggested that the failure to use information technology properly was due to (3) _____administration, poor coordination and (4) _____. It is (5) _____to say the expertise in health information technology is not there. The US health care system leads the world in innovation. However, the system has been accused of (6) _____, with some people (7) _____to afford private health care insurance. Patient feedback, however, is more concerned with over-long waiting times, customer service and

(8) _____staff.

Grammar: Prefixes With the meaning 'not':

Prefixes un-, in-, il-, ir-, and dis- are often used to give adjectives (and some verbs and nouns) a negative meaning. Here are common examples:

Un- is used with many different words, e.g. unfriendly, unable, unemployed, untidy.

Im- is used before some words beginning with “m” or “p”, e.g. impolite, impatient.

Il- is used before some words beginning with “l”, e.g. illegible (= cannot be read because the writing is very bad).

Ir- is only used before some words beginning with “r”, e.g. irresponsible.

Dis- is used before some adjectives, e.g. dishonest, and a few verbs, e.g. dislike, disagree.

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In- is used before a limited number of words, e.g. invisible.

Note: a prefix does not normally change word stress, e.g. happy/unhappy; possible/ impossible. But the stress may change if you want to emphasise the negative or opposite: A: Was he happy about the change? B: No, he was very unhappy about it.

Exercises

1. Which prefix forms the opposite of these words? (The bottom line are all

2.Agree with these statements, using words from the left-hand page which have the same meaning as the underlined words.

Example: A: He doesn't have a job, does he? B: No, . he is unemployed........................

1.A: It's against the law, isn't it?

B:Oh yes,...................................................

2.A: His room is always in a mess, isn't it?

B:Yes,...................................................

3.A: He took off his clothes!

B:Yes,...................................................

4.A: This handwriting is impossible to read.

B:Yes I know,...................................................

5.A: She can never wait for five minutes, can she?

B:No,...................................................

6.A: I thought it was rude, didn't you?

B:Yes, it was very...................................................

3.Complete the verbs in these sentences.

9.I don't think I'll pass the exam, but I can always re.....................it in September.

10.The post office shuts for lunch but it should re..................... at 2.00 p.m.

11.She's over.....................at the moment. She really needs a holiday and a complete break from her job.

12.My sister wrapped up my present so well that it took me about five minutes to un..................... it.

Reading for Information: The Amish in Northern Indiana

1. Try to predict answers to these questions then read the text and see if you were right:

1)How old is the Amish community? Where is it situated?

2)On which continent did the first followers of the Amish lifestyle appear?

3)Why did they separate from the Mennonite religious community?

4)How many Amish are there in the world?

5)What is the most prominent and remarkable trait of their lifestyle?

6)How is their separation from progress and modern life expressed in their dress? Work? Travel? Education? Family life?

7)What do they do for a living? What do women do?

8)What are the Amish relations with politics and the government? (insurance, pension, social security)

9)What is the Amish attitude to big cities? Do any of them live in cities?

10)Do the Amish know nothing of the world outside their community?

11)Is it possible to tell a rich Amish from a non-rich one by their possessions? The Amish broke away from the Mennonites nearly 300 years ago when

differences arose among Anabaptist leaders in Switzerland and Alsace. They wanted a stricter lifestyle called the Streng Meidung, or shunning, which includes the social avoidance of erring church members. Tensions ran high and eventually in 1693 a complete split occurred. Forty years later, many Amish took William Perm's invitation to come to America and settle there. No Amish now remain in Europe. Currently there are approximately 145,000 Amish men, women and children living in 22 states in the United States and in Ontario, Canada. There are 220 Amish settlements accommodating over 900 geographically determined church districts.

Persistence of tradition and slowness to modernize have always characterized the Amish. They have steadily tried to lead their own separate life which is a culture apart from the world. Even at the dawn of the 21st century, Amish are characterized as humble folk – hard-working, neighborly, otherworldly, agrarian, God-fearing, ethnically homogeneous – who live the simple life and live it well.

The following general characteristics can describe the main principles of Amish life: 1. Separatism. Otherworldliness, non-conformity based on Biblical

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teachings in Romans 12:1-2 and II Cor. 6:14. This pervades the entire lifestyle of the Amish (dress, language, work, travel and education).

2.Simple Life. Simplicity and humility are stressed in Amish community. Education and training are limited to elementary levels. Amish warn of the "pagan" philosophy and the intellectual enterprise of "Men man." Historically, they avoid all training associated with self exaltation, pride of position, enjoyment of power and the art of war and violence. Nevertheless, many Amish are very rich, because the Amish-style furniture which they produce is very much acclaimed in the outer world. But you will never be able to tell a rich Amish from an Amish with medium income by the way they dress, look or style their house.

3.Family Life. Amish marry Amish. No intermarriage is allowed. If a

young Amish doesn’t marry in his/her early twenties the community arranges a marriage, searching eligible partners. So bachelors and bachelorettes are rare

(although the politically correct word “bachelorette” is not used by the Amish –

they stick to the traditional term “old maid”). Divorce is not permitted and separation is very rare. They are strictly monogamous and generally patriarchal. The average family size is 7-8 children. Homosexuality is not recognized as an acceptable lifestyle.

4.Harmony with the Soil and Nature. Manual labor is good (Amish have little regard for labor-saving devices). Hard work and thriftiness are virtues. Amish believe that God is pleased when people work in harmony with nature, the soil, the weather and care of animals and plants. Amish always live in rural community. By contrast, the city is seen as a center of leisure, non-productive spending, and often as the stage for evil and wickedness. Still, at the age of 18 any Amish is allowed to leave the community for 1 year and see the world, live in a city or travel. They are free not to return as well, but they most often do, because individualism is not in their nature.

5.Mutual Assistance. Amish do not survive outside of community. There is much neighboring in the community, and helping each other is the most common way of socializing. They carry no life or property insurance; the church assists in cases of major loss. Large families generally give assurance of care for the elderly. Retired Amish farmers do not receive Social Security.

6.Disciplined Church Community. Discipline in the Amish community can be sometimes harsh and uncompromising. Baptized members are morally committed to church rules. Erring members are generally excommunicated and shunned until there is forgiveness and restoration to full fellowship.

Essay by Samuel L. Yoder, Ed.D, adapted and amplified.

Grammar: Tenses

1. Read the story. Put the events into chronological order. What happened first? What happened last? Number the actions.

Burglar arrested

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A couple came home at midnight to find their house had been burgled. Bob and

Janet Gilbreath had left their house at six o'clock to go to the theatre. When they got home, the back door had been smashed, and money and jewellery stolen. A neighbour said that she had heard a loud noise at about eight o'clock. Mr and Mrs Gilbreath, who moved to the house five years ago, told police that they had seen a man who had been acting suspiciously for several days before the robbery, and were able to give a description. A man answering the description was later arrested.

Reading and Speaking: Science Fiction: Transport for the Future

1.Match the inventions to the correct pictures: solar sail, fluing cars, teleportation, slidewalks.

путь

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e)в настоящее l) 1) номер (газеты, журнала) 2) спорный вопрос, время, сейчас, в предмет спора 3) проблема, тема, дело данный момент

What are the possibilities for transport in the future? Today, most of the vehicles we use are driven by fossil fuels, but we won't be able to use fossil fuels forever-What are we going to do when they run out? Writers of science fiction have written a lot on this subject and although many people might think that their ideas are too fantastic to ever happen, the truth is actually not so clear. Let's look at a few of those 'science fiction' methods of transport and find out if anyone is actually taking them seriously.

With 1_________________, people and things will be able to move from one place to another almost instantaneously. People won't have to move at all. However, some scientists believe it might result in the destruction of the human being.

Experiments have been carried out and there has been some success in moving atoms and groups of atoms, but we are a long way away from moving objects or humans. We might never know if this form of transport will actually work.

A 2____________,__,___Is tike a flat escalator except that it will have tracks all over the country and will be so strong that it will be able to move very fast and hold buildings. Unfortunately, it will have to be very strong indeed, and until today there is no evidence that anything would be strong enough to carry such weight and move fast. In addition, scientists believe anything with tracks won't be able to carry people everywhere.

A 3_______________would take power from the sun and use this power to transport people and things with the use of large mirrors. This seems particularly good for space travel as the vehicle won't need to be regularly filled up. After all, the sun shines all the time in space. It is already in use, but at the moment scientists think it is impractical to build large versions and further experimentation will have to wait for the future.

If we have 4________________ we won't need to build roads or motorways as everyone will be able to travel above ground rather than on the ground. Currently there are many projects, and prototypes might be produced in the next ten years. However, it fails to deal with one issue - that in a hundred years we

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might not have any fuel to use these vehicles. There is no evidence as yet that this form of transport will be able to use an alternative form of power to work.

4. Read the text and discuss the following questions in pairs:

-Which of the following methods of transportation is most likely to be used in future?

-Which is least likely to be used? Why?

Language Spot: Linkers

1.Use the conjunctions but, although and however to join these two sentences.

She's rich and famous. She's unhappy.

2.Conjunctions can join sentences to express contrast, reason and result, time, and condition. In each group complete the sentences with

suitable conjunctions.

a) Contrast: however, although, despite, even though

1.________I can't speak much Spanish, I can understand a lot.

2.I can't speak Spanish well._______, I can understand most things.

3.He can't speak Spanish well, ________he lives in Spain.

4.________living in Spain, he can't speak Spanish.

b)Reason and Result: such.. that, so, as, since, because, so … that

1. I didn't sleep well last night, ________I'm tired. 2. I'm tired ________I didn't sleep well last night.

3. I wanted to go, but ________it was late, I decided not to.

4. ________John can't be here today, I've been asked to chair die meeting.

5. He always looks _______ innocent _______he gets away with murder.

6. He's ________a terrible liar ________no one believes him.

c)Time: when (ever), while, as (soon as), until, after, since:

1.I called you ________ I could.

2.He refused to talk to the police ________ his lawyer arrived.

3.I feel sad ________ I hear that song.

4.They were burgled ________ they were away on holiday.

5.I've known her ________ I was a small child.

6.I’ll help you with this exercise________ I've had dinner.

d) Condition: if, as long as, unless, in case:

1.________I'm going to be late, I'll call you.

2.You won't pass ________ you work harder.

3.Take an umbrella ________ it rains.

4.You can borrow my car ________ you drive carefully.

Listening: Space Odyssey

1. Before you listen make sure you know these words and phrases:

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a)a landmark science-fiction film, to come out = to be released, to walk out (of the cinema), to make up for sth, visual effects, an alien civilization, an alien, a monolith, advanced, to investigate sth, Jupiter, to get on fine with sb, to take over.

b)to be in hybernation, to detect sth, a mission, to stop sb from doing sth, to do repairs, to let sb back in, an emergency exit, original.

2. Listen to the woman talking abouther favourite film and complete the

notes:

Space Odyssey was first released in (1) _____ . Some people’s reaction was to

(2) ______ the cinema. It’s not a typical science fiction film because there is not much (3) ______ . Two of the best things about the film are the (4) ______ . The first scene is set on Earth (5) _____ . Some ape-men find a black monolyth, a michine, sent by (6) ______ . The next part of the film is set on (7) _____ . The third part of the film is about a journey to (8) _____ . Only the intelligent computer HAL knows the (9) ______ .

3. Answer the questions:

1.How many astronauts are there on the ship? How many are in ‘hybernation’?

2.Why do Frank and Dave talk about disconnecting HAL?

3.What does HAL do to save himself?

Reading and Speaking: A Wind Farm

место, охватывать период времени

m)выделять углекислый газ

n)энергетический ресурс

2.Read about the situation and answer the questions.

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