
Ползунова Англиыскиы язык для студентов 1-го курса неязыковыкх вузов 2014
.pdfXIV. Render some paragraphs into Russian / Передайте на русском языке содержание отдельных абзацев текста
XV. Read the first three paragraphs and say why students should take up research / Прочитайте три первых абзаца и скажите, зачем студентам необходимо заниматься научно-исследовательской работой
XVI. Find the answer to the question “How is research organized?” in the second part of the text. / Во второй части текста найдите ответ на вопрос: как организована научно-исследовательская работа в вузах?
XVII. Ask and answer the following questions / Составьте следующие вопросы и ответьте на них
1)Ask when students take up research.
2)Ask if students are engaged in research under the guidance of professors, teachers and postgraduates.
3)Ask on what problems students write their term papers and graduation theses.
4)As if students operate experimental and industrial installations during their research.
5)Ask what students take part in.
6)Ask what students conduct.
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РАЗДЕЛ II. СИСТЕМА ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ
(THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA)
I. Read the words / Прочитайте следующие слова
available [ə‟veiləbl] applicant [‟æplikənt] minority [maɪ'nɔrətɪ] curriculum [kə'rɪkjələm]
specialization [speʃ(ə)laɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n] undergraduate [ʌndə'græʤuət] migrating [maɪ'greɪtɪŋ] modernized ['mɔd(ə)naɪzd] Bologna [bə'lɔnjə]
tiered [tɪəd] approach [ə'prəuʧ] unique [ju:'ni:k] successive [sək'sesiv] certificate [sə'tifikət]
competitive [kəm‟petətiv] extramural [‟ekstr ə‟mjuərəl] to combine [kəm‟bain] scientific [¸saiən‟tifik] obligatory [ə‟bligətri] technique [tek‟ni:k] guidance [‟gaidəns] endeavour [in‟devə]
bureau [‟bjuərəu] ties [tais]
envisage [in‟vizi ʤ]
II. Read and translate the text / Прочитайте и переведите текст
There is a state supported system of higher education in our country. Each citizen has the right to education. Some kinds of education are provided free of charge. And there are a number of institutes which are largely independent. They are not supported by the state and students must pay for their education themselves.
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Higher education is available to those having secondary education. All applicants must take competitive examinations.
Russia has about 8.1 million students enrolled in all forms of higher education.
Historically, higher education was divided between a minority of traditional wide curriculum universities and a larger number of narrow specialization institutes. In 1990s the institutes typically renamed themselves universities, while retaining their historical narrow specialization.
There was no division into undergraduate and graduate levels; higher education always fitted into a single stage resulting in specialist diploma. It took five to six years to complete.
Russia is in the process of migrating from its traditional higher educational model to a modernized degree structure in line with Bologna Process model. In October 2007 Russia enacted a law that replaces the traditional five-year model of education with a two-tiered approach: a four-year Bachelor degree followed by a two-year Master degree.
Postgraduate diploma structure so far retains its unique pattern established in 1934. There are two successive postgraduate degrees: Candidate of science and Doctor of science. Both are a certificate of scientific achievement, and must be backed up by novel scientific work.
There are three kinds of higher education in our country: day-time or full-time, evening or part-time and correspondence or extramural education. So, many young people have the opportunity to combine work with study.
Higher educational institutions are headed by Rectors. Prorectors are in charge of the academic and scientific work. The faculties are headed by Deans. There are departments within faculties.
An academic year is divided into two terms. At the end of each term students take credit tests and examinations. Besides obligatory subjects students have optional courses. They provide them with the opportunity to study subjects they are most interested in.
The programme of studies is designed in such a way as to draw students into scientific research. Research enables the students to master the basic experimental techniques, to learn to handle modern devices and analyse the results of their experiments.
Students are engaged in research under the guidance of professors, teachers and postgraduates. As a rule, students write their term papers and graduation thesis on the problems of their research work.
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A big role in promoting scientific endeavour among students play students‟ design bureaus and scientific societies. In 1956 a special medal „For the Best Scientific Work done by Students‟ was established.
Most higher schools have their own student hostels and student living and recreational complexes.
The higher schools seek to establish close ties with higher educational institutions abroad. The programmes of cooperation envisage joint research, know-how exchange, publication of joint scientific works, arranging of summer training courses for students, etc.
In general, graduates from our higher schools are highly qualified specialists.
III. Find the equivalents in the text / Найдите в тексте эквиваленты
1)государственная система высшего образования;
2)предоставляются бесплатно;
3)доступно тем, у кого есть среднее образование;
4)конкурсные экзамены;
5)меньшее число университетов с традиционно широким учебным планом;
6)узко специализированные институты;
7)всегда было одноступенчатым;
8)переходный процесс;
9)в соответствии с;
10)двухуровневый подход;
11)новаторская научная работа;
12)заочное обучение;
13)совмещать работу с учебой;
14)курс обучения;
15)обязательные предметы;
16)вовлекать студентов в научно-исследовательскую работу;
17)под руководством;
18)курсовые работы и дипломные работы (проекты);
19)стимулирование желания заняться научной работой;
20)конструкторское бюро;
21)общежития;
22)комплексы для отдыха и развлечений;
23)тесные связи с зарубежными вузами;
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24)программы сотрудничества предусматривают;
25)высококвалифицированные специалисты.
IV. Answer these questions / Ответьте на следующие вопросы
1.Is higher education in Russia provided free of charge?
2.Who has the right of admission to higher educational institu-
tions?
3.What do you think is the difference between universities and specialised institutes?
4.Why do many young people have the opportunity to combine work with study?
5.What are Rectors, Prorectors and Deans?
6.How long does an academic year last?
7.What is scientific research for?
8.How is it organized?
9.What kinds of cooperation programmes are possible?
10.What is the use of them?
V. Report on the problems / Выскажитесь по следующим проблемам
1.Availability of higher education in Russia and contest among applicants.
2.The diligence of students depends on the fact if they study free of charge or pay for education.
3.The programme of studies is overload.
4.The importance of social subjects, fundamental sciences, humanities for a specialist of higher education.
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РАЗДЕЛ III. СИСТЕМА ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ
(THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN)
I. Read the words / Прочитайте следующие слова
university [ju:ni΄və:siti]ֽ category ['kætəg(ə)rɪ] ancient [΄ein∫ənt] private [΄praivit] purpose ['pɜːpəs] chapel [΄t∫æpəl]
undergraduate [,ʌndə΄grædjuit] tutorial [tju(:)΄tɔ:riəl]
optional [΄ɔp∫ənl] administrative [əd΄ministrətiv] society [sə΄saiəti]
course [kɔ:s] expansion [iks΄pæn∫ən] approach [ə'prəuʧ] county ['kauntɪ]
polytechnic [pֽ ɔli΄teknik] commerce ['kɔmɜːs] incorporate [ɪn'kɔːp(ə)rət] qualification [kwɔlɪfɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] via ['vaɪə]
science ['saɪəns] technology [tek'nɔləʤɪ] welfare ['welfɛə] business ['bɪznɪs] humanity [hju'mænətɪ]
specialization [speʃ(ə)laɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n] bachelor ['bæʧ(ə)lə]
master ['mɑːstə] award [ə΄wɔ:d] thesis [΄θi:sis]
St.Andrews ['ændru:z]
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Glasgow ['glɑːzgəu]
Aberdeen [æbə'di:n]
Edinburgh ['edinb(ə)rə]
Birmingham [΄bə:miŋəm]
Manchester [΄mænt∫istə]
Newcastle [΄nju:ֽkα:sl]
Sussex [΄sʌsiks]
East Anglia [΄i:st΄æŋgliə]
Wales [weilz]
II. Read and translate the text / Прочитайте и переведите текст
Universities in Britain differ from those in many other countries. Until the nineteenth century, England had only two universities – Oxford and Cambridge. In Scotland greater value was placed on education during the sixteenth and later centuries than in much of England.
Today there are forty-seven universities in Britain. They fall into four broad categories: the ancient English foundations, the ancient Scottish ones, the «redbrick» universities, and the «plate-glass» ones. They are all private institutions, receiving direct grants from central government.
Oxford and Cambridge are the most famous of Britain‟s universities founded in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries respectively.
The two together are known as «Oxbridge». These universities consist of a number of colleges. Each college is different and has its name. Within the college one will normally find a chapel, a dining-hall, a library, rooms for undergraduates and for teaching purposes. Each college offers teaching in a wide range of subjects. The tutorial is the basic mode of instruction with lectures as optional extras.
«The University» is the administrative centre, which arranges lectures for all the students of all colleges, holds examinations and gives degrees.
The normal length of the degree course is three years, after which the students take a Bachelor degree.
A Master degree is usually awarded after a further year or two years of study. The highest degree is the Doctor degree awarded for research and the submission of a thesis.
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The universities have over a hundred societies and clubs. Sport is part of students' life at Oxbridge. The most popular sports are rowing and punting.
In 1827 London «University College» was founded. Many various schools and colleges became a part of the federal university. Today, the University of London is a federation of colleges, each largely independent. University buildings and hostels are scattered the length and breadth of London. In many ways the University has departed from the traditions of Oxbridge. London was the first to abolish religious tests, to admit women for degrees, to grant degree without residence.
In the 19th century many redbrick universities were established. Many of these were sited in the industrial centres, for example, Birmingham, Manchester, Newcastle and others.
In the 1960s with the expansion of higher education many plate-glass universities appeared. Some of them were named after counties or regions, for example, Sussex, Kent, and East Anglia. There is also a highly successful Open University. It provides Britain‟s with the opportunity to study for a degree without leaving their home. It conducts learning through correspondence, radio and television, and also through local study centres.
Thirty polytechnics in England and Wales provide a range of higher education courses, up to doctoral studies. Their purpose was to improve
Britain‟s technical and technological ability.
In spite of high fees, British universities and polytechnics continue to host a large number of foreign students.
III. Translate the words and pay attention to the suffixes used /
Переведите слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы
1. Суффиксы существительных.
Educate - education; found - foundation; examine – examination; instruct - instruction; submit - submission; expand - expansion; govern - government; correspond – correspondence.
2. Суффиксы прилагательных.
Differ - different; depend - dependent; administrate - administrative; tutor - tutorial; doctor - doctoral; technology – technological; success – successful.
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IV. Form nouns from the verbs and translate them into Russian /
Образуйте существительные от данных глаголов при помощи суффиксов -tion, -sion, -ment, -ance, -ence и переведите их
Instruct, admit, provide, continue, improve, arrange, abolish, establish, appear, and differ.
V. Find the equivalents to the following in the text / Найдите
в тексте эквиваленты следующим словам и выражениям
Well-known; to be established; student; aim; teaching; not compulsory; to make plans; to grant; a union of colleges; self-governing; building for students; not situated together; to put an end to; to allow to enter; living in a college; division of Great Britain; favourable chance; letterwriting; to make better; payment.
VI. Match the words and their definitions / Соотнесите понятия
и их определения
college |
a person who has completed a |
|
university degree course; |
degree |
a title given by a university |
|
to a student who has |
diploma |
completed a course of study; |
undergraduate |
a teacher who directs the studies |
|
of a number of students; |
graduate |
an official paper showing |
|
that a person has successfully |
tutor |
finished a course of study; |
a Bachelor degree |
a first university degree; |
a Master degree |
a student who is doing |
|
a university course for a Bachelor |
a Doctor degree |
degree; higher degree between a Bachelor |
|
of Arts and a Doctor of Philosophy; |
|
the highest degree; a place where people |
|
go for more advanced education after school. |
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VII. Complete the sentences / Дополните предложения
информацией из текста
1. During the 16-th and later centuries ... .
2. ... and receive direct grants from central government. 3. The most famous British universities ... .
4. ... a number of colleges.
5.The basic mode of instruction at Oxbridge ... .
6.After three years of study ... .
7.A Doctor degree is awarded ....
8. ...in 1827.
9.London "University College" differs... .
10.It was the first....
11.Redbrick universities were founded ... .
12.... were named after counties and regions.
13.... through local study centres.
14.In spite of high fees, ... .
Задания для самостоятельной работы
VIII. Make up sentences / Составьте предложения с оборотом there be
There is |
only two universities in Britain until the 19-th century. |
There are |
47 universities in Britain. |
There was |
a chapel, a dining-hall, a library within each college. |
There were |
three degrees awarded to students. |
There will be |
numerous societies and clubs in Oxbridge. |
|
no London "University College" until the 19-th century. |
|
thirty polytechnics in England and Wales. |
|
more foreign students studying at British Universities in |
|
future. |
|
also a highly successful Open University. |
|
some differences between Oxbridge and the University |
|
of London. |
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