Ползунова Англиыскиы язык для студентов 1-го курса неязыковыкх вузов 2014

The East End, where working people live, includes all the main dock areas and is heavily industrialized. Many districts and residential areas of London are inhabited by immigrants.

I. Names / Имена собственные

the Romans [‟rəumənz] – римляне

the County of London [‟kaunti] – графство Лондона

Charing Cross [‟t∫æriŋ ‟krɔs] – Чаринг-Кросс (перекрѐсток между Трафальгарской площадью и улицей Уайтхолл, принятый за центр Лондона при отсчѐте расстояний)

Knightsbridge [‟naitsbriʤ] – Найтсбридж (фешенебельный район лондонского Уэст-Энда)

Piccadilly Circus [¸pikə‟dili ‟sə:kəs] – площадь Пиккадилли Trafalgar Square [trə‟fælgə ‟skwεə] – Трафальгарская площадь Parliament Square [‟pa:ləmənt ‟skwεə] – Парламентская площадь

Downing Street [‟dauniŋ] – Даунинг-стрит

Westminster Abbey [‟wesminstə‟r æbi] – Вестминстерское аббат-

ство

William the Conqueror [‟wiljəm ðe ‟kɔŋkərə] – Вильгельм Завоева-

тель (прозвище Вильгельма, герцога Нормандского, под предводительством которого в 1066 норманны завоевали Англию; стал английским королѐм Вильгельмом I)

Eros [‟erɔs] – Эрос, Эрот (разговорное название памятника известному филантропу графу Шафтсбери в центре площади Пиккадилли в Лондоне)

St. Paul‟s Cathedral [seint ‟pɔ:lz kə‟θi:drl] – собор Св.Павла Sir Christopher Wren [‟kristəfə ‟ren] – сэр Кристофер Рен

Renaissance [rə‟neisəns] – эпоха Возрождения, Ренессанс

the Mall [mæl] – Мэлл (улица в центральной части Лондона; ведѐт от Трафальгарской площади к Букингемскому дворцу)

the Crown Jewels [‟kraun ‟ʤuəlz] - драгоценности из королев-

ской казны

Hyde Park [‟haid] – Гайд-Парк

Regent‟s Park [‟ri:ʤənts] – Риджентс-Парк

Kensington Gardens [‟kensiŋtən] – Кенсингтон-Гарденз The Tate Gallery [‟teit ‟gæləri] – Галерея Тейт

Madam Tussaud‟s [‟mædəm ‟tju:səs] – Музей мадам Тюссо

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III. Read and translate the text. Divide it into logical parts and entitle each of them / Прочитайте и переведите текст. Разделите его на части и озаглавьте их

IV. Give English equivalents for these word combinations /

Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык

1)самый важный морской порт;

2)деловой и финансовый центр;

3)изначально был ограничен;

4)почти опустевший;

5)состоит из отдельных округов;

6)простирается;

7)возведенная, чтобы увековечить победу адмирала Нельсона;

8)главная резиденция британского монарха;

9)смена караула;

10)на охране традиционные меховые кивера и алые мундиры;

11)на месте старого Вестминстерского Дворца;

12)поблизости от зданий парламента;

13)она всегда многолюдна;

14)связанная с журналистикой Британии;

15)прекрасный образец архитектуры Ренессанса (эпохи Возрождения);

16)высказать свои взгляды кому угодно;

17)сильно индустриализован;

18)жилые районы населены иммигрантами.

V. Think of the sentences using these words and word combinations / Используйте данные слова и словосочетания в своих предложениях

The oldest part of …; its history goes back to …; deserted; composed of; divided into …; in the middle of …; to commemorate; one of the most important tourist attractions; leads directly to …; the universal symbol of; close to …; is always crowded; associated with …; is / are considered to be; inhabited by.

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VI. Ask and answer the questions using functional phrases. /

Задайте вопросы и ответьте на них, используя функциональные фразы:

1)Where London is situated.

2)How many Londons there are actually.

3)What the City of London is.

4)What the County of London is composed of.

5)What the population of Greater London is.

6)What the West End is famous for.

7)Why Trafalgar Square was so named.

8)Where the Mall leads.

9)What Buckingham Palace is.

10)If Whitehall is the name of a palace or a street.

11)Where the residence of the British Prime Minister is situated.

12)How you know when the Parliament is sitting.

13)Why the universal symbol of London is called Big Ben.

14)What Westminster Abbey is famous for.

15)What a round square with the statue of Eros in its centre is

called.

16)What the main sights of the City of London are.

17)What park Speakers‟ Corner is situated in.

18)How many museums and galleries you know.

19)What the East End is.

20)If there are some immigrants in London.

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Задания для самостоятельной работы

VII. Agree or disagree with the following statements using one of the expressions. Add some details / Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими утверждениями, используя одно из данных выражений. Расширьте свой ответ, дополнив некоторую информацию

1.London is not only the capital of the UK but it‟s also the capital of England.

2.Originally there was the City of London.

3.Another name for London is the Square Mile.

4.London covers an area about 311 square km.

5.The East End hosts theatres, cinemas, museums, picture galleries and the famous London‟s parks.

6.Nelson‟s Column was erected to commemorate the victory of

Admiral Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.

7.The Mall runs north-west of Trafalgar Square and leads to Piccadilly Circus.

8.The Changing of the Guard takes place at Buckingham Palace.

9.Downing Street No.10 is the official residence of the British

Queen.

10.Big Ben is the name of the clock.

11.You can see the ancient Coronation Chair in Westminster Abbey.

12.Piccadilly Circus is a round square with the statue of Eros in the centre of it.

13.The Strand is a street associated with British journalism.

14.St. Paul‟s Cathedral and the Tower of London are situated in the

City of London.

15.The Tower of London is considered to be a fine specimen of Renaissance architecture.

16.The Tower is a museum of armour and the place where the Crown Jewels are kept.

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17.Speakers‟ Corner is situated on the edge of Regent‟s Park.

18.Working people live in the East End.

VIII. Make up 10 indirect questions based on the text and answer them. Use functional phrases of clarifying / Составьте 10

косвенных вопросов по тексту и дайте на них ответы. Используйте функциональные фразы

IX. Use the verbs in brackets in the proper tense and voice form /

Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в нужную видовременную форму

1.London (to lie) in the valley of the Thames.

2.There (to be) several Londons.

3.The City (to found) by the Romans.

4.The County of London (to have) the population of three and a half million.

5.Greater London (to extend) for more than 30 kilometers in every direction.

6.London (to divide) into the West End and the East End.

7.Admiral Nelson (to win) the battle of Trafalgar in 1805.

8.Look! The Guard (to change) at Buckingham Palace.

9.Have you ever (to hear) Big Ben ringing?

10.The new building for the Houses of Parliament (to build) in 1840.

11.While Parliament (to sit), a flag (to fly) from the Victoria Tower.

12.Big Ben (to get) its name in the 19-th century.

13.Most British Monarchs since William the Conqueror (to crown) in Westminster Abby.

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14.Sir Christopher Wren, a famous English architect, (to build) St.

Paul‟s Cathedral.

15.The Tower (to be) a fortress, a palace and a state prison until now.

16.The East End (to include) all the main dock areas and heavily (to industrialize).

X.Find some additional information on any place of interest

in London and tell the group about it / Найдите дополнительную информацию о какой-либо достопримечательности Лондона и расскажите о ней

XI. Compose dialogues on the following topics. Work in team /

Составьте диалоги по следующим темам. Работайте группами

1.You have just returned from London. Tell your friend about it.

2.You have never been to London. You are eager to know about the

city.

3.You are in Piccadilly Circus. Ask a policeman what is the shortest way to get to the „Speakers‟ Corner‟ in Hyde Park.

4.Suggest the best possible sightseeing routes in London.

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РАЗДЕЛ II. ВАШИНГТОН

(THE CITY OF WASHINGTON)

Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States of America. It is approximately two hundred miles south of New York. Today the population of Washington, D.C. is over 3, 4 million.

It is situated on both sides of the Potomac River in the District of Columbia.

The site of the city was chosen by George Washington as the national capital when he was the President. He was given 10 years to select it. He was also authorized to name three commissioners to help plan and built the new city.

His choice was accepted by Congress in the act of 1790 having established the Federal District of Columbia.

By 1800 the north section of Washington having been completed, Congress moved from Philadelphia to the new capital. So Washington has been the capital of the USA since 1800.

In the political sense Washington is the centre and the most important city in the USA. It is the centre of the executive, legislative and judicial branches of the Federal Government of the country.

Washington with its low buildings differs from New York, Chicago, Philadelphia and some other American cities with their sky-scrapers. As there is a law forbidding to build structures more than 90 feet high in this city.

The city was planned by a French engineer. While planning it Capitol Hill has been selected as the focal point. Many government buildings are concentrated on the land between the Capitol and the White House. The Capitol is the place of meetings of Congress. In the White House President lives and has his offices.

The city of Washington is divided by the Capitol into four quarters. The streets running north and south, east and west are intersected by avenues. They all form spacious circles and triangles which are developed into small parks. And it makes Washington one of the most carefully planned cities of the USA. Broad avenues named after the states radiate from centres within the rectangular pattern of the streets.

Most of Washington sights are in its centre. To the west of the Capitol runs Constitution Avenue. Many departments are situated there. Between the Fourth and the Seventh Streets along Constitution Avenue one can see the building of the National Gallery of Art. It assembles and maintains a

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national collection of paintings, sculpture and the graphic arts, representatives of the best in the artistic heritage of America and Europe.

Further to the west along Constitution Avenue one can reach Washington Monument. It was constructed in honour of George Washington.

It‟s 555 feet high. An elevator carries visitors to the top where they can enjoy the vast panorama of the city.

At the end of the Mall, the parkway stretching from the Capitol to the Potomac, Lincoln Memorial is situated. It was designed by Henry Bacon and made of white marble. Its colonnade of thirty-six columns represents the number of states in the Union at the time of his death.

A marble figure of Lincoln is seated in the centre of the memorial. The side chambers contain materials revealing Lincoln as a fighter against slavery in the USA.

To the south-east of Lincoln Memorial Jefferson Memorial can be found. It is dedicated to Thomas Jefferson, the third president and the author of the “Declaration of Independence”.

Across the Potomac River one can see a five-sided grey building.

That‟s the Pentagon where the headquarters of the Defense Department are located.

Washington is a good city to visit during any month of the year. It has more trees than any other city in the country. It is especially lovely in April when the cherry trees, a gift from Japan, are in bloom. A great number of people arrive in Washington to enjoy the annual Cherry Blossom Festival.

I. Names / Имена собственные

Washington, D.C. ['wɔʃɪŋtən] – Вашингтон the Potomac River [pə'təumæk] – р. Потомак

the District of Columbia [kə'lʌmbɪə] – (федеральный) округ Ко-

лумбия

Congress ['kɔŋgres]- конгресс (орган федеральной системы государственной власти)

Philadelphia [fɪlə'delfɪə] – Филадельфия (город в США, штат Пенсильвания)

Capitol Hill – Капитолийский холм (месторасположение Капитолия (здания конгресса США) в г. Вашингтон)

the White House ['waɪt haus] – Белый дом

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Constitution Avenue [kɔn(t)stɪ'tju:ʃ(ə)n 'ævən(j)u :] – авеню Кон-

ституции

the National Gallery of Art ['næʃənəl 'gæl(ə)rɪ] – национальная ху-

дожественная галерея

Lincoln Memorial ['lɪŋkən mə'mɔ:rɪəl] – мемориал Линкольна Jefferson Memorial [mə'mɔ:rɪəl] – мемориал Джеферсона

the Pentagon ['pentəg(ə)n] – Пентагон, здание Министерства обороны США

the Defense Department [dɪ'fens dɪ'pɑ:tmənt] – Министерство обо-

роны

II. Words and word combinations to be remembered /

Слова и словосочетания для заучивания

III. Read and translate the text. Divide it into logical parts and entitle each of them / Прочитайте и переведите текст. Разделите его на части и озаглавьте их

IV. Give English equivalents for these word combinations /

Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:

1)приблизительно в 200 милях к югу от Нью-Йорка;

2)он был также уполномочен назвать;

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