Ползунова Англиыскиы язык для студентов 1-го курса неязыковыкх вузов 2014

3.Do you know anything of Russian symbols? (I‟d like to know)

4.The central section is a plain with hills, isn‟t it? (Are you saying

that)

5.What are Canada‟s largest ports? (I‟m afraid I don‟t know)

6.What branches of Canada‟s industry are highly developed? (I‟m afraid I don‟t know)

7.Is the Niagara Falls one of the world‟s largest falls on the Niagara River? (Do you mean that)

8.Are Americans often called the nation of immigrants? (Are you saying that)

9.Is the USA the fourth largest country in the world? (I‟d like to

know)

10.Does the USA have the variety of scenery and climate? (Could you tell me)

Общее количество баллов: 106

Критерии оценки: «отлично» – 85-106 «хорошо» – 65-84 «удовлетворительно» – 32-64

«неудовлетворительно» – 0-31

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БЛОК III

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

РАЗДЕЛ I. ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ (HOW BRITAIN IS GOVERNED)

The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch as its Head of State. But the powers of the King or Queen are limited.

The present Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. The monarchy is hereditary. The eldest son of the Queen, Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales, is the heir to the throne.

Everything is done in the Queen‟s name but on the advice of the elected Government. The monarch takes no part in the decision-making process.

The British Parliament is the supreme legislative body in the country. It consists of two chambers known as the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country. They only meet together on symbolic occasions such as coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament.

The House of Commons plays the major role in law-making. It consists of Members of Parliament (MPs). They are elected either at a general election or at a by-election following the death or retirement of an MP.

Parliamentary elections are held every five years. The voting is taken by secret ballot.

The British parliamentary system depends on political parties. The political parties choose candidates in elections. The party which wins the majority of seats forms the Government. And its leader becomes Prime Minister. This Minister has an official London house; it is at No. 10, Downing Street.

The Prime Minister chooses about twenty MPs to become the Cabinet of Ministers (the executive body). Each minister is responsible for a particular area of the government. The second largest party becomes the official opposition. It has own leader and „Shadow Cabinet‟.

The House of Commons is made up of 650 MPs. It is presided over by the Speaker. MPs sit on two sides of the hall. One side is for the governing party and the other for the opposition.

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Each session of the House of Commons lasts for 160-175 days. MPs are paid for their parliamentary work and have to attend the sittings.

New laws may be proposed either by the Government, or by private MPs, or by members of the House of Lords. The proposed law, a bill has to go through three stages in order to become an Act of Parliament. These are called readings.

Nowadays the first reading is a formality. It is simply the publication of the proposal. On the second reading, a discussion takes place. The bill must go to a committee for detailed examination. The next stage is called the report stage. The work of the committee is reported on to the House. The bill is now ready for its third reading. If the majority of MPs still votes for the bill, it is sent to the House of Lords for discussion. When the Lords agree the bill is taken to the Queen for the Royal Assent. The Queen signs and the Great Seal is fixed. The bill becomes the Act of Parliament and part of the Law of Land.

The other house of the Parliament is the House of Lords. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats (hereditary peers). The House of Lords Act 1999 removed such a right. However, as part of a compromise, the Act did permit 92 hereditaries to remain in the House on an interim basis. The Act decreased the membership of the House from 1,330 (October 1999) to 669 (March 2000). As another result of the Act, the majority of the Lords were now life peers.

The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor. He sits on a special seat called the Woolsack.

The British political scene is dominated by a two-party system: one party in power, the other in opposition. The main British political groupings are the Conservative and Labour Parties. There are also some other parties. People belonging to smaller political parties join one of the larger ones to work in the Parliament.

I. Words and word combinations to be remembered /

Слова для заучивания

1)king (queen) – король (королева)

2)power(s) – власть, полномочия

3)head of state – глава государства

4)to elect (elected) – избирать (избранный)

5)election – выборы

6)general election – всеобщие выборы

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7)by-election – досрочные (промежуточные) выборы

8)government – правительство

9)to take part in – принимать участие в

10)decision-making process – процесс принятия решений

11)parliament – парламент

12)supreme – верховный

13)legislative – законодательный

14)body – орган (власти), организация

15)house (chamber) – палата (в парламенте)

16)the House of Commons – палата общин

17)the House of Lords – палата лордов

18)law – закон

19)law-making – законотворчество

20)Members of Parliament (MPs) – члены парламента

21)to hold (held, held) – проводить (выборы, собрание, конфе-

ренцию (e.g. elections are held…. – выборы проводят)

22)to vote – голосовать

23)voting – голосование

24)by secret ballot – тайно (о голосовании)

25)to win (won, won) – выигрывать, одерживать победу

26)the majority of seats – большинство мест

27)Prime Minister – премьер министр

28)the Cabinet of Ministers – кабинет министров

29)to be made up of – состоять из

30)to preside – председательствовать

31)the Speaker – спикер

32)to last – длиться, продолжаться

33)session – сессия

34)to propose – предлагать

35)proposal – предложение

36)bill – законопроект

37)to go (went, gone) through – проходить через

38)discussion – дискуссия, обсуждение

39)examination – изучение, рассмотрение

40)to report – докладывать, сообщать

41)report (n.) – доклад

42)to sign – подписывать

43)signature – подпись

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44)peer – пэр

45)chairman – председатель

46)to deal with (dealt, dealt) – иметь дело с

47)to introduce – вносить (законопроект)

48)the Conservative Party – партия консерваторов

49)the Labour Party – партия лейбористов

50)to join – присоединяться к, вступать в (партию, общество, организацию)

II.Give English equivalents for these word combinations /

Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык

1)король; королева; глава государства; власть. Король или королева являются главой государства, но их власть ограничена;

2)избирать; избранный; выборы; проводить выборы; член парламента; досрочные (промежуточные) выборы. Члены парламента избираются на всеобщих или досрочных выборах. Всеобщие выборы проводятся каждые пять лет;

3)принимать участие в чем-либо; процесс принятия решений; парламент; высший законодательный орган; закон; законотворчество. Королева не принимает участие в процессе принятия решений. Британский парламент является высшим законодательным органом страны. Палата общин играет главную роль в законотворчестве;

4)выигрывать (одерживать победу); большинство мест; премьер министр; кабинет министров. Партия, которая получает большинство мест формирует правительство и ее лидер становится премьер министром. Премьер министр формирует кабинет министров;

5)сессия; длиться; председательствовать; спикер. Каждая сессия палаты общин длиться 160-175 дней. Спикер является председателем (председательствует) палаты общин;

6)закон; законопроект; вносить законопроект; предложение; дискуссия; доклад; докладывать; изучение; подписывать; подпись. Новый закон может быть предложен любым членом парламента. Законопроект должен пойти в комитет для детального изучения. Работа комитета докладывается парламенту. Если законопроект проходит через обе палаты, его направляют королеве на подпись.

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III. Analyse the suffixes, define parts of speech and translate

the words / Проанализируйте суффиксы, определите части речи и переведите данные слова

Monarch – monarchism – monarchy; king – kingdom; political – politician – politics; to retire – retirement; to elect – election – elective – elector – electoral; to preside –president – presidential; to introduce – introduction – introductory; to propose – proposal – proposer; to oppose – opposite – opposition.

Суффиксы существительных: -ism, -dom, -ment, -ion, (суще-

ствительное отвлеченное), -ent, -ant, -er, -or (обозначает лицо или механизм, производящие действия) –ics, (существительное, обозначающее область знаний), -ist, -ian (существительное, обозначающее принадлежность к политическому или научному направлению, национальность, профессию).

Суффиксы прилагательных: -al, -ory, -ite, -ive.

IV. Use the words in the correct form / Вставьте нужные формы слов в предложения

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V. Find in the text the equivalents for the words / Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов

King or Queen; person with the legal right to receive a title when the owner dies; seat of a king; ceremony of crowing a king; choosing by vote; secret voting; person who whishes to take an office or position; to be chairman; meeting of a law-making body; at the present time; royal agreement; piece of wax attached to a document; to contain smb or smth as a part; someone who has a title such as “Lord”; to be the most important; to come together.

Задания для самостоятельной работы.

VI. Say if these statements are true or false / Установите,

являются ли эти предложения истинными или ложными

1.The United Kingdom is a federation.

2.Its head is a Prime Minister.

3.The monarch takes no part in the decision-making process.

4.The House of Commons is the Upper House.

5.A by-election is held because of the death or retirement of an MP.

6.The Government is formed by the party which wins the majority of seats.

7.The Queen forms the Cabinet of Ministers.

8.„Shadow Cabinet‟ is the Cabinet of the official opposition.

9.MPs are never paid for their parliamentary work.

10.The proposed law is called a bill.

11.All three readings are very important.

12.The members of the House of Lords are elected at a general election.

13.The Lord Chancellor is the chairman of the Upper House.

VII. Complete the sentences / Дополните предложения

1.The powers of the King or Queen … .

2.Everything is done in the Queen‟s name but … .

3.The supreme legislative body is … .

4.The British Parliament consists of … .

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5.Every five years … .

6.No. 10, Downing Street is … .

7.The Cabinet of Ministers is chosen … .

8.Now laws may be proposed by … .

9.A bill is … .

10.Readings are … .

11.If the majority of MPs still votes for the bill … .

12.The Lord Chancellor is … .

13.The main British political parties are … .

VIII. Listen and write the words

Прослушайте краткое описание политической системы Великобритании. Впишите в диаграмму предлагаемые ниже слова:

Commons, constituencies (избирательные округа) Members of Parliament

Lords, elected, Parliament

Head of State:

the Monarch

Houses of ………………...

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IX. Listen and read

Нил Киннок описывает рабочий день в парламенте. Прослушайте кассету. Прочитайте текст самостоятельно и ответьте, до какого числа иногда заседает палата общин?

“The House of Commons begins to sit as a full assembly at 2.30 in the afternoon. And on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday there is a question time.

After the question time, the House will move to the consideration of a motion. And there will be a debate. Some Members of Parliament will be involved in the debate, usually around 20 or 25; some others will sit in to listen to the debate and to take the chance to question ministers on the issue that‟s under debate.

The House will continue to sit until ten o‟clock. But, more often than not, the House goes on well past that, because there is always secondary business, secondary legislation: resolutions coming before the House, which means that the House of Commons can quite normally go through till one o‟clock in the morning, and on – I don‟t know – 20 occasions in a year, sometimes go into four, five o‟clock or even sit all night. I‟ve done that many times.”

X.Answer the questions / Ответьте на вопросы

1.What is the official name of the UK?

2.Who is the head of state of the UK?

3.Why do the Englishmen say that the Queen reigns but does not rule?

4.What is the supreme legislative body of the country?

5.How many chambers does the British Parliament consist of? What are they?

6.What House plays the major role in law-making?

7.What does MP mean? How are MPs elected?

8.Who forms the Government?

9.Who becomes Prime Minister?

10.Who forms the Cabinet of Ministers?

11.How is the official opposition formed?

12.How many MPs make up the House of Commons?

13.Who presides over the House of Commons?

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14.What is a bill? Who may propose a new law?

15.What is it necessary for a bill to become an Act of Parliament?

16.What changes did the House of Lords Act 1999 introduce?

17.Who is the chairman of the House of Lords?

18.Which of the two Houses has real (political) power in modern times?

XI. Put the verbs into correct forms according to the type

of conditional clause / Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму

всоответствии с типом условного предложения

1.If the powers of the King or Queen were not limited, the monarch (to take part) in the decision-making process.

2.If the party (not to win) the majority of seats it couldn‟t have formed the Government.

3.Unless the law (to pass) three readings it cannot be sent to the House of Lords for discussion.

4.If a citizen (to be) less than 30 years old, he or she cannot be elected a Senator.

5.The House of Lords couldn‟t have introduced the bill if it (to deal) with money.

6.If President (to disapprove) a bill he vetoes it.

7.If you (not to know) how to vote the people at the polling station will help you.

XII. Answer the questions paying attention to conditionals /

Ответьте на вопросы, обращая внимание на условные предложения

1.Who would become a king or queen if Queen Elizabeth II retired today? Why?

2.Could a leader of the Conservative Party become Prime Minister if his party were the second largest in Parliament? Why?

3.How many members could have been in the House of Lords if the House of Lords Act 1999 had not come into power? Why?

4.Could a bill become an Act of Parliament if it were discussed in the House of Commons and sent to the House of Lords? Why?

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