Методическое пособие 597

3)… is a component of the motherboard that helps in the synchronization of various system components.

4)… is a small-sized light and volatile form of computer memory.

5)… contains the startup programs used for bootstrapping a computer.

6)The function of … is to provide various functionalities, such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients, or performing computation for a client.

7)… are the physical units that include storage devices and input/output devices.

5.Are the sentences True or False?:

1.Hardware is a set of instructions, called a program.

2.Peripherals are connected to the computer by means of several ports.

3.Recently netbooks have obtained the similar features of modern notebooks.

4.CPU operation can be divided into three basic steps, namely, fetch, decode and writeback.

5.Non-volatile memory is known as RAM and contains the startup programs.

6.Translate the following sentences into English:

1.Традиционно компьютер состоит из процессора, арифметикологического устройства, устройства хранения, устройств ввода и вывода, а также периферийных устройств.

2.В кэш памяти процессора дублируется наиболее часто используемая информация.

3.Внутри жесткий диск представляет собой несколько дисков, данные на которых записываются в концентрических окружностях – треках.

4.Планшетные компьютеры – портативные устройства, относительно мощные, обладающие большим объемом памяти и удобные в использовании.

5.Носимыми компьютерами можно управлять и без непосредственного прикосновения к ним пользователя.

6.Для работы со сложными приложениями и для обработки большого объема данных используются большие ЭВМ.

7.При запуске программы компьютер выполняет перечень инструкций и воспроизводит результат работы на экран.

8.Компьютер используется во всех сферах жизни, поэтому быть образованным в области компьютерных технологий очень важно.

7.Answer the following questions:

1.What are the most important applications of computers nowadays?

2.Name the basic components of computers and their functions.

3.Describe the features of portable computers.

4.What is the function of server?

5.Name and describe the basic steps in the CPU operation.

31

6.What are the components of motherboard?

7.What can you say about the types of memory of computer?

GRAMMAR SECTION

Choose the correct variant to fill in the gaps:

1.The first mechanical computer … created by Charles Babbage in 1822. a) are b) was c) were

2.In future computers … more capacity and … less expensive.

a) will be, have b) were, will be c) will have, will be.

3.… created the first punched card for the system of data processing? a) Why b) How c) Who

4.CPU .... a great number of functions.

a) perform b) performs c) doesn`t perform

5. You … plug out the computer before the program is finished. a) mustn`t b) should c) can

EVERYDAY ENGLISH

Match Russian and English equivalents:

32

LESSON 5

INPUT DEVICES

Task 1. Answer the following questions:

а) What input devices do you know?

b) Match the names of the input devices below to the pictures.

Webcamera, lightpen, barcode reader, touchscreen, cardreader, joystick.

c)What of the devices mentioned above do you use most often? What for?

d)What device do you consider the most indispensable? Why?

Task 2. Find the Russian equivalents to the words given below:

dozens, possible, press, command, open, type, drag, perform, typewriter, buttons, characters, symbol, mice, motion.

Task 3. Read and memorize the following words that will help you to understand the text below:

1.primarily [ˈpraɪmərɪlɪ] – изначально

2.useless [ˈjuːslɪs] – бесполезный

3.vital [ˈvaɪtl] – важный

4.allow [əˈlau] – позволять

5.arrangement of keys [əˈreɪndʒmənt əv kiːz] – расположение клавиш

6.regard [rɪˈgɑːd] – рассматривать, считать

7.similar to [ˈsɪmɪlər tə] – подобный, похожий

33

8.electronic [ɪlɛkˈtrɔnɪk] – электронный

9.switch [swɪtʃ] – переключатель

10.mechanical [mɪˈkænɪkəl] – механический

11.lever [ˈliːvə] – рычаг

12.keypress [kiːprɛs] – сочетание клавиш

13.circuitry [ˈs3ːkɪtrɪ] – схема

14.two-dimensional motion [ˈtudaɪˈmenʃənl ˈməʊʃən] – движение по плоскости

Task 4. Read the text below and do the exercises that follow:

THE BASIC INPUT DEVICES

An input device is any device that provides input to a computer. Since the job of a computer is primarily to process input, computers are pretty useless without input devices. Therefore, input devices are a vital part of every computer system.

There are dozens of possible input devices, but the two most common ones are a keyboard and mouse. Every key you press on the keyboard and every movement or click you make with the mouse sends a specific input signal to the computer. These commands allow you to open programs, type messages, drag objects, and perform many other functions.

A keyboard is regarded as an input device for a computer. With respect to the arrangement of keys, a computer keyboard is similar to a typewriter. The keys or buttons act as electronic switches or mechanical levers with characters printed on them, with each keypress corresponding to a written symbol. A keyboard has its own processor and circuitry, which consists of a key matrix, which helps to bring about the keyboard operation.

A computer mouse is a pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion. It was introduced by Apple Macintosh in 1984. A mouse translates the motion of your hand into signals that a computer can recognize and respond to. There are three basic types of mice, namely, mechanical, optomechanical and optical. Mechanical mice have a rubber or metal ball that can roll in all directions. Mechanical sensors in the mouse detect the direction of motion of the ball. Optomechanical mice differ from mechanical mice, in that they use optical sensors to detect motion. Optical mice, popularly used today, have a laser to detect movement of the mouse. They do not have mechanical moving parts and possess higher performance speeds.

One more common input device is monitor - a visual display unit, as it is called. It is an electrical equipment that displays images generated by the video output of a computer. Monitors of the early years used CRT technology for imaging, while modern computer monitors use LCD or even plasma screens. The display provides computer users with an instant feedback in the form of text and graphic images. Monitors are the most-used output devices of a computer.

Other input devices may also be used to send information to the computer. Some examples include joysticks, MIDI keyboards, microphones, scanners, digital cameras, webcams, card readers, UPC scanners, and scientific measuring equipment. All these

34

devices send information to the computer and therefore are categorized as input devices. Peripherals that output data from the computer are called output devices.

Sources:

1.Techterms. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.techterms.com/definition/inputdevice

(время обращения - 11.06.2017).

2.Buzzle. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/what-are-the-main- parts-of-the-computer.html (время обращения - 11.06.2017).

Task 5. Match Russian and English equivalents:

Task 6. Fill in the gaps with the words and word combinations below: characters, detect, mice, rubber ball, movement, higher performance, electrical equipment, scientific measuring equipment.

1.The old models of mice have … inside them.

2.Modern … have very high accuracy.

3.The managers want their staff to have … by using special strategies.

4.… usually consists of an enclosure, a variety of electrical components, and often a power switch.

5.The … of a cursor is controlled by the user.

6.In binary system … are represented by the arrangement of ones and zeroes.

7.Can you give me two …: optical and mechanical?

8.Barcode reader … the distance between the light and dark stripes.

Task 7. Mark the sentences below as True (T) or False (F):

1)The keyboard is much similar to the typewriter.

2)Keypress is a special arrangement of keys on the board.

3)There are five basic types of mice.

4)Mechanical mice use optical sensors to detect motion.

35

5) The most popular input device used today is monitor.

Task 8. Match the parts of sentences so that they make sense:

Task 9. Answer the following questions:

1.Why are input devices important?

2.What can you do when you press some key in the keyboard?

3.What helps to bring about keyboard operations?

4.How does computer mouse operate?

5.Can you name the types of mice mentioned in the text?

6.In what way do the computer mice differ?

7.What is CRT?

8.What technology do the modern monitors use?

9.What are advantages of modern displays?

10.What are other input devices mentioned in the text?

Project Tips

Imagine you work in an enterprise producing input devices. Recently you developed a brand-new device. Present it to your colleagues. Speak about its application, specifications, maintenance, etc.

36

GRAMMAR SECTION

Overview: Singular and plural forms of nouns. Participle 1, 2.

Exercise 1. Put the nouns below in the Plural form. Fill in the table according to the sound formed in the ending of plural:

dot, tube, device, presentation, monitor, flash, stop, technology, lever, switch, back, interface, screen, movement, circuit.

Таблица 11

Exercise 2. Correct the mistakes in the sentences:

1.The mans standing in the lobby were very familiar to me.

2.There is three navigation joysticks for flight simulation.

3. Webcams is used in its original sense for a video cameras connected to the Web.

4.There were not a new model of the monitor we were looking for.

5.Do these model of computer mouse apply laser technology?

Exercise 3. Form Participle 1, 2 from the verbs below and translate them into English:

Example: provide – providing (предоставляющий), provided (предоставленный).

Process, press, be, click, point, believe, play, trust, go, understand, teach, put, divide, stand, have, underline, select, highlight.

Exercise 4. Choose the necessary form of the Participle in the following sentences:

1.Input devices, primarily using/used to input information are a vital part of every computer system.

2.Made/making of silicon, the chips are very hard and strong.

3.Looking/looked through the newspaper, she noticed a photograph of her boss.

4.CPU, known/knowing as the computer processor, is an electronic circuit that executes computer programs.

5.The device put/putting in operation was programmed by highly qualified spe-

cialists.

37

EVERYDAY ENGLISH

Congratulations!

I. Analyze the phrases used for congratulations:

II. Read and translate the dialogues below:

Formal:

A:Mr. Bowing, let me congratulate you on launching a new company!

B:Thank you very much!

A:We hope it will be successful!

B:So do we!

Neutral:

A:I heard you won the thirst prize in rowing competitions! My Congratulations! Well done!

B:Thank you! I tried to do my best.

A:Congratulations on your success!

III. Make similar dialogues with your group mate on the occasions 1-5:

1. birthday; 2. winning sport competition; 3. passing exam; 4. defending diploma project; 5. passing driving test.

38

LESSON 6

OUTPUT DEVICES

Task 1. Answer the following questions:

a)What output devices do you know?

b)Match the output device with the function it performs:

Task 2. Read and memorize the following words that will help you to understand the text below:

1.deliver [dɪˈlɪvə] – доставлять, предоставлять

2.visual [ˈvɪʒʊəl] copy – зрительная копия

3.hard [hɑːd] copy – печатный или машинописный текст

4.common [ˈkɒmən] – частый, распространенный

5.variety [vəˈraɪɪtɪ] – разнообразие

6.cathode [ˈkæθəʊd] ray tube [tjuːb] – катодно-лучевая трубка

7.flat panel screen [flæt ˈpænəl skriːn] – плоский экран

8.phosphorescent [ˌfɒsfəˈresnt] dots – фосфоресцирующиеся, светящиеся точки

9.make up - создавать

10.liquid crystal [ˈlɪkwɪd ˈkrɪstl] – жидкий кристалл

11.rely on [rɪˈlaɪ on] – зд. функционируют непосредственно совместно с

12.expansion slot [ɪkˈspænʃən] – слот расширения

13.headphones – наушники

14.view [vjuː] – просматривать

15.digitally rendered design [ˈdɪdʒɪtlɪ ˈrɛnded dɪˈzaɪn] – цифровой дизайн

16.via [ˈvaɪə] – через, при помощи

17.application [ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən] – зд. приложение

39

Task 3. Read and translate the text below:

THE OUTPUT DEVICES OF COMPUTER

Computer output devices get information out of the computer, delivering data that has been processed by the computer to you, the user. Output devices produce data in different forms including audio, visual and hard copy. Computer output devices are all peripheral hardware connected to a computer using cables or wireless networking.

Monitor. The most common computer output device is the monitor or computer screen. Monitors create a visual display for you to view from processed data. They come in a variety of screen sizes and visual resolutions. There are two common types of modern computer monitors, cathode ray tube (CRT) and flat panel screens. CRT monitors use phosphorescent dots to create the pixels that make up displayed images. Flat panel monitors usually use liquid crystals or plasma to create output. Light is passed through liquid crystals to create the pixels. All monitors rely on a video card that is located on the computer motherboard or in a special expansion slot. The video card processes the computer data into image details that the monitors can display.

Audio Output. Computers produce audio data that requires output devices such as speakers and headphones to deliver the sound to you. Audio data is created by the computer and then sent to the audio card, which is located in an expansion slot. The card translates the data into audio signals, which are sent to the audio output device.

Projectors are display devices that project a computer-created image. The computer sends the image data to its video card, which then sends the video image to the projector. They are typically used for presentations or for viewing videos.

Plotters create a hard copy of a digitally rendered design. The design is sent to the plotter via a graphics card and creates the design using a pen. Generally used with engineering applications, plotters basically draw an image using a series of straight lines.

Source: Techwalla. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.ehow.com/about_5300348_examples-output-devices-computer.html (время обращения - 18.06.2017).

Task 4. Match the Russian and English equivalents:

Таблица 14

40