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The author is not mentioned. Code Division Multiple Access. English for communication students, T.V.Kojevnikova, 2012, pp. 221-223.

Code Division Multiple Access.

The aim of the article is to present the reader with a CDMA technology

The research method is description.

The author gives a short summary about CDMA technology and its influence in communication industry.

The author describes main principles of CDMA functioning and how usage noise-like carrier waves helps CDMA to expand the bandwidth for communication. However, that bandwidth can be used simultaneously by multiple users because CDMA receivers separate communication channels by a pseudo-random modulation that is applied and removed in digital domain. The author also gives main advantages of CDMA that established its popularity in communications field.

The author states that it is important to know why the need for a certain technology arises. Spread-spectrum has always been wildly used in military communications for its security and reliability. In late 1940s, it was proposed to use CDMA in civilian mobile radio but many technical obstacles postponed that for 40 years. After promising field trials in 1991, CDMA demonstrated that it was able to function well in practice. The first commercial service was launched in Hong Kong in 1995.

The article describes the period between late 1940s and late 1990s.

The author’s conclusion is that CDMA has rapidly become the primary choice of carriers due to its many advantages.