Cardiology / English / Атеросклероз на английском языке для иностранцев

Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kuban State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestation

Ischemic heart disease

Department of Internal Propedeutics

diseases

Atherosclerosis is a systemic pathological process, developing in the arteries of the elastic and muscular types, characterized by the deposition in the intima of atherogenic apoprotein-in containing lipoproteins with subsequent proliferation of connective tissue.

Etiopathogenesis:

It all comes down to the damaging effect of various risk factors for vascular endothelium. Endothelial proliferation begins and migration of macrophages into the vascular wall. Through damaged endothelium during the inner shell of the vessel is penetrated ipids and cholesterol that form atheromatous plaque. atheromatous plaque leads to stenosis of the vessel, induces activation of blood clots, which leads to ischemia and / or necrosis of the affected organ.

There are 5 main classes of lipoproteins:

-The largest are chylomicrons;

-very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (pre-B - lipoproteins);

-low density lipoprotein (LDL) (B lipoproteins);

-high density lipoprotein (HDL) (a - lipoproteins);

-lipoproteins a-small - LP (a).

The content of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood:

It has now been proven that different degrees of atherogenicity in violation of lipid metabolism depends not only on the level hypercholesterolemia, but also from qualitative changes in circulating lipids. This is mainly due to what glycoproteins are associated with lipids (called apoproteins).

Classification of hyperlipoproteinemia (Fredrickson D.S. et al. 1967):

Stages of atherogenesis:

Atherosclerotic changes occur in the inner shell arteries.This process takes place in three stages:

-fatty streak,

-fibrous plaque and

-Complex violations.

1.Fat streaks can be found in anyone over the age of

10.The yellow color of these spots is associated with the deposition of lipids in the cells of the intima, as well as in the extracellular space.

2.Fibrous plaques are usually considered as cell damage, characteristic of the advanced form of atherosclerosis. They consist of smooth muscle cells, lipids, collagen, elastic fibers and glycosaminoglycans.

3.Complicated lesions. Complicated lesions include fibrous plaques, which are modified due to increased cell necrosis, calcification and sloughing of the endothelium covering the plaque with the formation of a parietal thrombus or wall rupture with hemorrhage.