Cardiology / English / Атеросклероз на английском языке для иностранцев

Risk factors:

Modifiable (external factors): 1. Dyslipoproteinemia

2. Arterial hypertension

3. Basal hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus

4. Smoking

5. Low physical activity

6. Overweight

7. Frequent emotional stress

8. Endocrine disorders (primarily diabetes) Non-modifiable (internal factors):

1. Age

2. Gender

3. Ethnicity

4. Genetic factors (homocysteinemia).

Оценка 10-лнтнего фатального риска ССЗ

Epidemiology:

1.150:100000 at the age of 50. The consequences of atherosclerosis are the main cause of death.

2.The predominant age is elderly.

3.The predominant gender is male.

Cause of ischemia:

Dissonance between the need for an organ and tissue and the ability of a vessel to provide blood supply.

Clinical picture:

1.For a long time (several decades), the atherosclerotic process proceeds latently, and only then clinical signs appear.

2.Anamnesis is important, taking into account the primary and secondary causes of atherosclerosis and risk factors.

3.Symptoms depend on the predominant localization of the process and the degree of obstruction of the vascular bed.

The characteristic "external" manifestations of atherosclerosis, detected during examination, are:

a)signs of pronounced and often premature aging, discrepancy between the appearance and age of the person (the patient looks older than his years);

b)early graying of hair on the head and front surface of the chest (in men).

Xanthoma, xantelasm, senile arc:

External signs of an atherosclerotic process can be:

-xanthomas (lumpy formations in the area of ​​joints, Achilles tendons, caused by the deposition of cholesterol);

-xanthelasma (yellowish-orange spots of various shapes on the skin, often elevated, caused by the deposition of cholesterol and triglycerides in the skin) and senile arch on the cornea (yellowish strip along the edge of the cornea).

Achilles Tendon Xanthomas:

Diagonal crease on the earlobe (Frank’s symptoms):