Арзуманян Р., Сложное мышление и сеть парадигма нелинейности и среда безопасности 21 века

ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȕȍȋȈȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧȔ. ǭșȓȐ ȊȣȉȘȈȕȕȣȑ ȒțȘș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚțȍȚ ș ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ, ȖȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȍȘȣȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȣȊȈȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋȈ, ȕȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȧ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȕțȎȕȖȋȖ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈ. ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȈȋȘȍȋȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȐȕȍȘȋȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖȓȖȎȕȣȔ ȖȚ ȖȎȐȌȈȍȔȣȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈȔ. ǽȖȚȧ ȌȍȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȐȏȈȞȐȧ țșȐȓȐȑ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȟȈșȚȤȦ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ, ǩǬȅȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȌȖȉȈȊȓȧȍȚ ȌȊȈ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ, ȚȘȍȉțȧ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȕȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȔ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ, Ȑ ȒȈȒ Ȓ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȔ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈȔ.

ǷȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒțȘșȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ. ǷȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȉȘȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȒțȘșȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȗȖȌȘȈȏțȔȍȊȈȍȚ, ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ, ȚȘȐ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ. Ǫ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȗȍȘȊȖȋȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȏȈȌȈȟ Ȍȓȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ, șȐȓ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊ. Ǫ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȐȘțȦȚșȧ țșȐȓȐȧ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȍȔȣȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ Ȑ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ, ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȌȍȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȐȌȍȈȓȍ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ șȐȕȍȘȋȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȈ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈ. ǺȘȍȚȐȑ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșș ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȗȓȈȕȈ ȌȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ.

3.3 ǰșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ

ǶǩǬȅ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȚȖȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȒțȘșȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȦȚ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ, Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȓșȧ ȗȓȈȕ, ȚȖȟȕȖșȚȤ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȒțȘșȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ Ȋ ǶǩǬȅ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȓ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ. ǬȘțȋȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ, ǶǩǬȅ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ șȊȖȉȖȌț ȈȌȈȗȚȈȞȐȐ ȗȓȈȕȈ Ȓ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ, ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȡȐȔ Ȓ ȔȖȔȍȕȚț ȍȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ.

ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȍ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȈȔȐ. ǷȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȕȣȔȐ ȖȚ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȈȒȚȖȘȣ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȐ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȕțȎȕȣȍ ȈșȗȍȒȚȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, ȐșȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣȔȐ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȓ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȔ, ȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ. ǵȈ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤ ȔȖȕȐȚȖȘȐȕȋ Ȑ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ, ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘțȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ ȐȔȐ ȕțȎȕȣȝ ȈșȗȍȒȚȖȊ ȒțȘșȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ. ǺȖ ȍșȚȤ țșȗȍȠȕȖȍ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ șȊȖȐȝ ȏȈȌȈȟ Ȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȦȚ șțȡȕȖșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȣ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ. ǬȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȔȐ ș șȐșȚȍȔȖȑ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ, ȗȘȖȟȐȔȐ ȋȓȖȉȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ șȐșȚȍȔȈȔȐ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ.

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ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

DzȖȕȚȍȒșȚ. ǵȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȗȘȍȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȍ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ țșȐȓȐȚȤ, ȖșȓȈȉȐȚȤ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȕȍȋȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈ. ǵȈ ȘȧȌ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȈ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ, ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȍ (ȚȈȒȐȍ, ȒȈȒ ȐșȚȖȘȐȧ) ȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȖȟȍȕȤ șȓȖȎȕȖ. ǸȧȌ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȈ ȜȖȘȔȐȘțȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ, Ȑ ȖȕȐ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȔ. Ǫ ȥȚȖȑ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖȉȣ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤșȧ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ, Ȑ, ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ, ȗȖȓȈȋȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȍȞȍȌȍȕȚȣ Ȋ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȐ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ.

ǶȉȘȈȚȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ. ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ, ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȐ, ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȝ ȗȘȐȒȈȏ, ȧȊȓȧȧșȤ ȗȍȘȊȣȔ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ, șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ ȊȝȖȌȈȔȐ ȗȖ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȦ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ țȎȍ Ȋ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȔ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȍ. Ǫ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȍ ȌȖȒȓȈȌȣ ȖȚ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȍȑ, ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȗțȕȒȚȖȊ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȚ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȖșȤ ȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ, ȉȣȓ ȓȐ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚ ȕȈȔȍȟȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ Ȑ ȗȘ.

3.4. ǹȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ

ǹȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȣ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ ȒȓȦȟȍ, ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȍ șțȡȕȖșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȣ. ǺȍȔ ȕȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȖȕȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȣȔ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȔ Ȑ ȊȓȐȧȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȔȐ ȗțȚȧȔȐ. DzȈȒ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǶǩǬȅ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȈȝ ȒȖȋȕȐȚȐȊȕȣȝ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ, Ȑ țșȗȍȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȐȐ, ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȐ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȑ. ǹȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȌȖȔȍȕ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ, ȥȓȐȚȣ Ȑ ȕȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ, ȖȚ ȐȔȍȕȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȑ Ȑ ȊȖȑșȒȈ.

ǿȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔȍȕȧȦȡȍȑșȧ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȧ Ȑ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȉȖȍȊȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, ȚȍȔ ȉȣșȚȘȍȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȔț ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȣ ȟȈșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ. Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȑ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȚȤ ȖȚ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȈ șȚȘȈȕȣ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȖȊ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȔȖȋȖ. ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ, Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȣ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ ȌȖȗțșȚȐȔȣȔ Ȑ ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔȣȔ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȈȒȚȖȘȣ, ȚȈȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ. ȅȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈȚȤ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȑ, ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȈȘȍȕȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȈ, ȗȘȐȟȍȔ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȖȚȕȖșȧȚșȧ Ȓ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȈȔ, ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȣȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈȔ Ȑ

410

ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔ. ǷȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȔȕȖȋȖȋȘȈȕȕȣȝ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȑ, ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȝȖȌȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȔ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȐȧ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȚȐȗȈ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȑ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ.

4. ǹȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȊ

ǸȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕȣȍ șȓțȟȈȐ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȕ Ȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȚȐȗȈȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊ. Ǫ șȘȈȊȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȈȉȓȐȞȍ (ǺȈȉȓȐȞȈ 5) ȌȈȕȣ ȖȉȡȐȍ ȒȖȕȚțȘȣ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȑ Ȋ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈȝ Ȓ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ ǶǩǬȅ. Ǫ șȓțȟȈȍ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȕȣ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ȘȍȈȓȐȏțȍȚșȧ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ǶǩǬȅ, ȖȗȐȘȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȓȖȒȈȓȤȕțȦ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ șȍȚȤ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȍȚ ȕȈ ȔȈȓȖȔ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȍ, ȕȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȔȍȎȓȐȟȕȖșȚȕȣȝ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȝ, Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕțȎȕȣ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȧ. ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȚȍȘȘȖȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȐ «ǨȓȤ-DzȈȐȌȣ» ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȜȖȘȔț șȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȔȍȎȓȐȟȕȖșȚȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȍ ȜȈȕȈȚȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȓȈȔșȒȖȋȖ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈȓȐȏȔȈ. ǶȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȖȑ ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȈȧ Ȋ ȘȍȋȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȧȟȍȑȒȐ șȍȚȤ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȏȈȌȍȑșȚȊțȍȚ ǰȕȚȍȘȕȍȚ Ȑ ȋȓȖȉȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȔȈșșȔȍȌȐȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ.

Ǫ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȖȎȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ǶǩǬȅ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȖȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȔȈșșȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ – ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ, ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ, ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȕȣȝ, șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ, ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȌȖșȚțȗ Ȓ ȏȕȈȕȐȧȔ Ȗ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȘȍȌȍ. ǸȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȣȍ ȊȣȊȖȌȣ, ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǶǩǬȅ:

Ȋȕȍ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ, ȥȚȈȗȣ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ, ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȚ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧȝ; ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȥȚȈȗȣ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȘȈȔȒȈȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ

ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖ-șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȈ, ȕȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȕȐȎȕȐȝ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȈ; ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ǶǩǬȅ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȧ ȊȣșȖȒȖȚȍȝȕȖȓȖȋȐȟȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ, ȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȍȑșȧ ȉȈȏȣ;

ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȑ ȐȓȐ «ȒȖȕȞȍȗȚțȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȥȒȐȗȐȘȖȊȒȈ» ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ ȕȍ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȥȒȏȖȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔȈȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȔȖȌȍȓȍȑ, ȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȗȐȘȈȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȑ ȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ, ȔȖȌȍȓȐ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ; ȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȕȍȓȐȕȍȑȕȖșȚȐ, șȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȖȒ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȊȈ-

ȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȘțȋț ȓȐȞ, ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ, Ȑ șȖȊȍȚȕȐȒȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȞȍȑȚȕȖȚȈ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦȚșȧ Ȓ ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȧȔ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȍȔț ȖȗȣȚț ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȝȖȎȍȑ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ.

411

ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȜȘȍȑȔ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȖȊ Ȑ șțȡȕȖșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȣ, ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ǶǩǬȅ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȖȚȖȉȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȉȈȏȐșȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȣ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ, ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ. ǸȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȍ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȚȘȍȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȚȐȗȈȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȖ șȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȓ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȦ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȝ ǶǩǬȅ.

Ǫ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ, ȖȕȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȣ ș ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȈȔȐ – ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ, ȖȗȣȚ, șȚȐȓȤ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘ. ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ. DzȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȖȓȤ ȐȋȘȈȍȚ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ (agility) ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȊȈȎȕȈ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌț, șȗȈȧȕȕȣȑ ȠȚȈȉ Ȑ ȊȖȐȕșȒȐȑ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊ. ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȑ ȊȈȎȕȣȑ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚ – ȥȚȖ șȐȓȣ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȤ Ȓ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ ǶǩǬȅ. ǷȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȍȔȣȝ ȘȍșțȘșȖȊ, șȐȓ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȌȊȈ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ – Țȍ, ȟȚȖ ȕȈȝȖȌȧȚșȧ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ, Ȑ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȍ. ǷȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȈȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȍȚȐ – ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ, ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȕȣȍ, șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ, ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȑ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȤ Ȓ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȘȍșțȘșȣ, șȐȓȣ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ Ȋșȍȑ ȕȈȞȐȐ. ǺȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȘȍȠȈȦȡȐȔ ȈșȗȍȒȚȖȔ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȐ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ǹȍȚȤ Ȑ ȜȖȒțșȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȍ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍșȧ ȘȍșțȘșȣ, șȐȓȣ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȣ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ.

413

VII. ǹǭǺǭǪȃǭ ǶǩǬȅ

ǶȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈȝ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȓȖ, ȟȚȖ ȖșȕȖȊȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ ǩǬȅȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȐ, ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ Ȑ ȈȘȍȕȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȈ, Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȓȍȎȈȚ șȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȊȕȣȍ șȐșȚȍȔȣ Ȑ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜȈȒȚȖȘ. ǺȈȒȎȍ ȉȣȓ șȌȍȓȈȕ ȊȣȊȖȌ, ȟȚȖ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȕȍ ȕȖȊ, Ȑ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ, Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȍȚȍȞȍȕȚȘȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ǹȍȚȐ, ȒȖȔȉȐȕȐȘțȧ ǹǾǶ Ȑ ǶǩǬȅ, Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȘȍȠȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȋ 21 ȊȍȒȍ. ǬȘțȋȐȔȐ șȓȖȊȈȔȐ, ȊȖȗȘȖș ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ ȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣ ȓȐ ǶǩǬȅ, ȕȖ ȒȈȒ șȖȊȔȍșȚȐȚȤ ǩǬȅȗȖȌȝȖȌ ș ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȚȍȝȕȖȓȖȋȐȧȔȐ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ.

1. ǹȍȚȤ Ȑ ǶǩǬȅ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ

ǵȈțȒȈ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȕȍ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȖȌȕȖȏȕȈȟȕȣȝ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ șȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔ, Ȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȓȐȞ, ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ, ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ, ȚȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȖȉȓȍȋȟȈȧ ȍȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȒț Ȑ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȍ. Ǫ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ǶǩǬȅ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȈȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ, ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ, Ȑ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȐȕȚțȐȞȐȍȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȗȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȣ ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȑ, ȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȖȗȣȚ. ǶǩǬȅ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ șȓȖȎȕȣȑ ȋȐȉȘȐȌ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ Ȑ ǹȍȚȐ, ȖȗȐȘȈȦȡȍȑșȧ ȕȈ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕțȦ ȐȕȜȘȈșȚȘțȒȚțȘț ȕȈȘȖȌȈ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȐȕȜȘȈșȚȘțȒȚțȘȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔ, șȚȖȧȡȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ. Ǫ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȘȖȓȤ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ Ȗ șȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈȝ, ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȦȡȐȝ Ȋ ȒȖȋȕȐȚȐȊȕȖȔ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȌȖȔȍȕȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȈ. ǬȖșȚțȗ Ȓ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȈȔ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȧȔ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȚȤ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ, Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȘȈșȚȘțȒȚțȘȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȋȖ ȓȐȠȤ șȘȍȌȖȑ. ǺȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȖȞȍȕȚȘȐȟȕȣȔ, Ȉ țșȗȍȝ ǶǩǬȅ – ȏȈȊȐșȧȡȐȔ ȖȚ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȐ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȚȤ ȕȈȞȐȧ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ǿȍȔ ȌȖȓȤȠȍ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȍȚȐ Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ șȗȍȞȐȈȓȐșȚȖȊ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ Ȋ ȕȐȝ, ȚȍȔ ȊȣȠȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȝ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ.

ǷȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ǹȀǨ Ȑ ȒȖȈȓȐȞȐȐ Ȋ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ șȍȚȧȝ Ȋ ǰȘȈȒȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȖ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȖȔ ȥȚȈȗȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ țșȗȍȠȕțȦ șȍȚȍȞȍȕȚȘȐȟȕțȦ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ1. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȖȍ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖ ȉȣșȚȘȖ șȖȠȓȖ ȕȈ

1 Garstka, John J. Fighting the Networked Force. London, UK: Battlespace. Information 2005 Conference, April 20, 2005.

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ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ȕȍȚ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȒȖȈȓȐȞȐȧ, Ȑ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ǹȀǨ, ȖȒȈȏȈȓȈșȤ ȕȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȒȖȕȊȍȘȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ țșȗȍȝ Ȋ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ. ǨȔȍȘȐȒȈȕșȒȐȍ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍ ȋȖȚȖȊȣ Ȓ ȈșȐȔȔȍȚȘȐȟȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȍ ș ȐȘȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ, ȊȍȌțȡȐȔ ȊȖȑȕț ȕȈ ȗșȐ-ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȐȍ. ǩȖȍȊȣȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ ǹȀǨ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ǹǾǶ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȍȚȤȦ Ȑ ȏȕȈȕȐȧȔȐ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȖȊ. ǸȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȓȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȐ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȍȚȐ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȖȊ ȗȖ ȘȍȋȐȖȕț, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ.

ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ, ȖȉȓȈȌȈȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȧȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ țșȗȍȠȕȣȝ ǶǩǬȅ, Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȏȈȌȈȟț ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȖȊ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȈ. ǷȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ – șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȍȚȐ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȈ, ȒȈȒ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈ ȉȖȍȊȖȋȖ Ȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȧ ǶǩǬȅ – ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊț ȕȖȊȣȝ ȊȣȏȖȊȖȊ. ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ Ȓ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧȔ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ ǹȍȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȈ 21 ȊȍȒȈ. DzȚȖ Ȑ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕțȎȌȈȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȍ ǹȍȚȐ, ȒȈȒȐȍ ȚȍȝȕȖȓȖȋȐȐ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȥȗȖȝȐ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȚȤșȧ Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȌȈȟ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ, ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ǶǩǬȅ.

2. ǷȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ

ǷȖȐșȒ ȖȚȊȍȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȚȊȍȚȣ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȜȘȍȑȔȈ ǶǩǬȅ, ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ, ȋȌȍ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ Ȑȏ ȥȚȈȗȖȊ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǶǩǬȅ ȗȖȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ, ȚȘȍȉțȦȡȈȧ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ. ǿȍȘȍȏ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȣ «ȉțȘȍȕȐȧ» Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȟȍȕȐȧ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȖȊ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȕȣȍ «țȏȓȣ» Ȑ «țȟȈșȚȒȐ» ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ, ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ǶǩǬȅ, ȕțȎȌȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȍ ǹȍȚȐ. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ șȖȉȓȦȌȈȚȤ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖșȚȤ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ șȓȖȎȕȣȍ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȊȕȣȍ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȦȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȐȋȕȖȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȈ. Ǫ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ «ȌȖȘȖȎȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȍ», ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ Ȋ ȖȉȡȐȝ ȟȍȘȚȈȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ, ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ǹȍȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȔȖȟȤ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȔț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȉț ȗȘȐ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ, ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȍ ǶǩǬȅ.

2.1. ǹȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ

DzȈȒ țȎȍ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȈȝ, ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ǶǩǬȅ – ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȣȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșș. ǴȖȎȕȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈȝ Ȑ ȌȊțȝ ȚȐȗȈȝ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ. ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșș șȖȏȌȈȍȚ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕțȦ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǺǪǬ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ, ȊȚȖȘȖȑ – ȘȍȋȐȖȕȈȓȤȕțȦ Ȑ ȋȓȖȉȈȓȤȕțȦ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ. ȅȚȖ ȊȣȕțȎȌȈȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȉ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕțȦ Ȑ ȘȍȋȐȖ-

415

ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

ȕȈȓȤȕțȦ șȘȍȌț ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ, ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȧșȤ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ǺǪǬ. ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșș șȖȗȘȖȊȖȎȌȈȍȚ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ țȚȖȟȕȧȍȚ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȌȊțȝ ȚȐȗȖȊ.

ǪȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ. ǵȈ ǸȐș. 55 ȖȊȈȓȖȔ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȣ țȟȈșȚȒȐ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȌȊțȝ ȊȣȠȍȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȚȐȗȖȊ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ șȓȖȎȕȣȝ șțȎȌȍȕȐȑ Ȑ, șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ. ǽȖȚȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ șțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐȓȐ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȖ Ȋ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ șȓȖȎȕȣȔ, ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȍȕȐȍ «ȉțȘȍȕȐȧ» Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȕȈ țȘȖȊȍȕȤ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȏȈȌȈȟ, ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȉȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȔ, ȝȖȚȧ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȣȔ.

Ǫ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȍ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȏȈȌȈȟ șȓȖȎȕȖȍ șțȎȌȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ, ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȐ ȘȈșȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝșȧ ȔȖȡȕȖșȚȍȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȐȐ ș ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ, ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔ, șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ș ȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ Ȑ șțȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ, ȖșȚȈȕȍȚșȧ șȓȖȎȕȖȑ, ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ, ȚȈȒȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȖȞȍȕȒȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȍȔȒȖșȚȐ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ, ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȈ ǺǪǬ Ȑ ȗȘ., ȉțȌțȚ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȔȐ. Ǫ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȍ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȧ șȓȖȎȕȣȍ șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȘȍȉțȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȈȗȍ ȕȈȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȉȈȓȈȕșȈ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȏȈȊȐșȐȔȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ, ȚȈȒȐȝ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ ȖȘȒȍșȚȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȣȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ, ȊȣȉȖȘ ȋȘțȗȗ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȑ Ȑ ȈȋȍȕȚțȘȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȊȍȌȒȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȗȖ șȉȖȘț ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘ. ǵȈ ȥȚȈȗȍ ȖȉȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ ȊȕȖȊȤ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȈȦȚ șȓȖȎȕȣȍ șțȎȌȍȕȐȧ, ȒȖȋȌȈ, ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȕțȎȕȖ ȘȍȠȈȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȔ Ȑȏ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚțȦȡȐȝ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȖȊ ȌȖȊȍȘȧȚȤ. Ǫ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ Ȑȏ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȊȣȠȍ șȓțȟȈȍȊ ȊȣȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȕȖ-șȓȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ Ȟȍȗȍȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȟȕȣȔ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ.

ǷȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȈ ǹȍȚȐ. ǴȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȚȘȐ ȒȓȈșșȈ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȊ, ȗȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȏȌȈȍȚșȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ. ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȍ, ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȉȈȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȦ Ȑ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ. ǷȘȐ ȗȖȔȖȡȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȖȞȍȕȒȈ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȈșșȐȊȖȊ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȈȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ, ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȓȍȌțȍȚ șȖșȘȍȌȖȚȖȟȐȚȤ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ șȐșȚȍȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ. ǶȞȍȕȒȈ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȊȣȧȊȐȚȤ, ȒȈȒțȦ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȦ, ȋȌȍ Ȑ ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȘȣȊȖȊ Ȋ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȍ.

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ǻȟȈșȚȒȐȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈȊșțȡȕȖșȚȕȣȑȗȘȖȞȍșș «șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȈȧȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ»

ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

ǺȘȍȚȐȑ ȒȓȈșș ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȥȒșȗȍȘȚȖȊ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȟȍȕȣ, Ȑ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȌȖșȚțȗ Ȓ ȕȐȔ. ǹȗȖșȖȉȣ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȌȖșȚțȗȈ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖ ȖȗȐȘȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ, ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ, ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ǹȍȚȐ.

ǶȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȍ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȑ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȚȘȍȝ ȉȈȏȐșȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ:

1.ȖȞȍȕȒȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖ șȉȖȘț ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȍȕșȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔ ș ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ șȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȔȈșșȐȊȖȊ Ȋ ȍȌȐȕțȦ șȍȕșȖȘȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț;

2.ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȖȊ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ. ǵȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȖȉȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ, ȗȘȖȊȍȘȒȈ ȊȈȓȐȌȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȖȊ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȖȉȘȈȕȕȖȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ;

3.ȐȕȚȍȋȘȈȞȐȧ șȍȕșȖȘȕȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ Ȑ ȘȍȗȖȘȚȖȊ Ȋ ȖȉȡțȦ ȐȕȚȍȋȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ Ȑ ȒȖȋȍȘȍȕȚȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț.

ȅȓȍȒȚȘȖȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ. ǰȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȍ ȕȈȒȈȗȓȐȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȋȘȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȥȓȍȒȚȘȖȕȕȣȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȚ șȍȕșȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȓȈȚȜȖȘȔ, ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȔȐ Ȑȏ Țȍȝ, ȟȚȖ țȟȈșȚȊțȦȚ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ. ǰșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȐȕȚȍȋȘȈȞȐȐ Ȍȓȧ șȖȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȍȕșȖȘȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ Ȑȝ șȓȐȧȕȐȍ Ȋ ȏȕȈȟȐȔțȦ șȍȕșȖȘȕțȦ ȒȈȘȚȐȕț ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȜȖȒțșȍ țșȐȓȐȑ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȟȐȒȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȚȘȐȌȞȈȚȐ ȓȍȚ. ǺȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȠȈȋȐ ȗȖ ȊȐȏțȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ șȍȕșȖȘȕȣȑ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ, ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȣȝ ȒȈȒ ȖȚ ȠȚȈȚȕȣȝ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȍȠȚȈȚȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ, Ȍȓȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȊșȍȖȉȢȍȔȓȦȡȍȑ ȌȐȕȈȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȈ ȉȣ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȔț Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȉț ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȋ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȍ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ.

ǰȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȍ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȑȏ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ/ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȈȋȍȕȚȣ1. ǹȔȣșȓ Ȑ ȕȈȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ ȐȏȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȑȏ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȈȋȍȕȚȖȊ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȍ Ȑ ȊȣȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșțȦȡȍȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȝ ȔȈșșȐȊȈȝ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ, șȓȖȎȕȖ-șȚȘțȒȚțȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȜȈȑȓȖȊȣȝ șȐșȚȍȔȈȝ, șȍȚȧȝ ș ȘȈȏȕȖȘȖȌȕȖȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘ. ǶȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȖȔ ȗȘȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȍ ș ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔȐ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȍȑ, ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȔȖȑ ȖȚ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȚȘțȒȚțȘ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȕțȎȕȈȧ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ ȌȖșȚțȗȕȈ, ȕȖ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȜȖȘȔț, ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȦȡțȦ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȍȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ.

1 DeRosa, Mary. “Data Mining and Data Analysis for Counterterrorism.” Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) Report, Washington, DC: CSIS Press, March 2004, pp. 20-23. 12 January 2011. http://csis.org/files/media/ csis/pubs/040301_data_mining_report.pdf.

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