Арзуманян Р., Сложное мышление и сеть парадигма нелинейности и среда безопасности 21 века

ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ǬȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȈȔȐ Ȋ ȚȖȔ Ȏȍ șȔȣșȓȍ, Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓȐșȤ ȊȣȠȍ. ȅȚȖ, șȒȖȘȍȍ, ȚȘȐ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȦșȈ ȗȘȐȚȧȎȍȕȐȧ ȐȚȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȜȖȘȔȐȘțȦȚșȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șȞȍȕȈȘȐȐ ȉțȌțȡȍȋȖ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȏȈȌȈȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ «ȟȚȖ ȉțȌȍȚ, ȍșȓȐ...» (what ifs) Ȑ ȊȣșȚȘȈȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȖȊ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȖȗȚȐȔȈȓȤȕȣȑ Ȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȑ ȗțȚȤ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ. ǹȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍȖȚȢȍȔȓȍȔȖȑ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șȈȔȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ, ȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȚȖȋȖ ȜȈȒȚȈ, ȟȚȖ șȈȔȐȔ ȓȐȞȈȔ, ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȔșȧ ȖȞȍȕȒȖȑ ȒȖȋȕȐȚȐȊȕȣȝ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ, șȊȖȑșȚȊȍȕȕȈȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȐȕȍȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏțȍȔȖșȚȤ.

ǮȍȓȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ. Ǫ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȧȝ ȗȖ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌț ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȧ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȐ ȊȣȠȍșȚȖȧȡȍȋȖ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȑ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȈ șȚȘȈȕȣ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȍ – ȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȖȎȕȈȧ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ. ǴțȓȤȚȐțȘȖȊȕȍȊȈȧ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȔȍȘȕȈȧ ȔȖȌȍȓȤ ǹǨǹ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȝ ȖȌȕȖȑ ȈȘȍȕȣ, țȘȖȊȕȧ ȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȕȖșȚȐ, ȕȖ ȕȈ ȊșȍȔ ȒȖȕȚȐȕțțȔȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ. Ǫ ȥȚȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȒȈȒȖȋȖ-ȓȐȉȖ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȉțȌțȚ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȞȐȒȓȈȝ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȔȖȋȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȕȈ ȈȋȘȍȋȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧȝ ȊȣșȠȐȝ țȘȖȊȕȍȑ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȈȘȍȕ. ȅȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ țșȗȍȠȕȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȑ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ ȕȐȎȕȍȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ (ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȍ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ) ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ (ȌȓȐȕȕȣȍ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ). ǹȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȝ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȕȖșȚȍȑ:

x ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȈ – ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȉȖȍȊȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ;

x ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȞȐȒȓȈ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȖȊ – ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȧ ȐȓȐ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ; Ȑ

x ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ ȒȈȒ șțȔȔȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȕȈ ȕȐȎȕȐȝ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ – ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȈȒ ȐȚȖȋ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȑ, ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ, ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȖȍȊ Ȑ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȏȊȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȉȖȑȞȖȊ, ȈȚȈȒȎȍȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ, ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ, ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝțșȐȓȐȑ.

ǷȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȡȐȒ, ȗȘȖșȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ Ȑ ȗȓȈȕȐȘțȧ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȣȝ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕ, ȟȚȖ ȓȖȒȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ șȗȖșȖȉșȚȊțȦȚ ȒȈȒ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔț șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȦ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȣșȖȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȊȖȍȔț Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȈȝ, ȚȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ țșȐȓȐȊȈȧ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȈȘȍȕȈȝ ȊȗȓȖȚȤ ȌȖ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȋȍȖșȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ.

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ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ǺȘȍȉțȍȔȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ. ȅȜȜȍȒȚȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȚȘȍȉțȦȚșȧ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ Ȓ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧȔ, ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚ «ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ». ȅȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȗȍȘȊȖȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȝșȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȒȈșȒȈȌȈ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȗșȐȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ.

Ǫ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍ IV ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȋȓȈȊȣ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ ȚȘȐ ȈșȗȍȒȚȈ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ: ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ; ȚȐȗȣ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉțȌțȚ șȖȏȌȈȕȣ ȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ; ȒȈȒȐȍ ȒȈșȒȈȌȣ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȔȖȋțȚ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȔȍșȚȖ. ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȈșȗȍȒȚ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȉțȌȍȚ ȌȍȓȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȤșȧ ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ. ǴȖȎȕȖ ȊȣȌȍȓȐȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔ ȊȖșȍȔȤ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ:

1.ȟȚȖ ȏȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȐȔȍȓȖ ȔȍșȚȖ;

2.ȒȈȒȐȍ șȐȓȣ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȓȐșȤ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ;

3.ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȔȈșȠȚȈȉȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ;

4.ȋȌȍ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ;

5.ș ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȖȔ ȐȓȐ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȕȖșȚȧȔȐ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ;

6.ȒȈȒ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ;

7.ȒȈȒ ȌȖȓȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ;

8.ȒȈȒȖȊȈ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȐȘțȍȔȈȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȧȔ șȚȍȗȍȕȤ ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȈȞȐȐ șȊȖȐȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ.

ǻȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȓȖșȤ, ȟȚȖ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ șȊȧȏȈȕȈ șȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȚȤ ȒȈșȒȈȌȣ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ, Ȋ șȖȊȖȒțȗȕȖșȚȐ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȑ. ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȚȖȚ ȜȈȒȚ, ȟȚȖ ǩǬȅȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȚȖȔț, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȦȚ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȜȖȘȔ, ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȈȘȍȕȈȝ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȦȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ ȒȈșȒȈȌȣ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ. ȅȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ Ȑ ȒȈșȒȈȌȖȊ, ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȔȣȝ: ȗȖ ȌȊțȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔ ȠȒȈȓȈȔ (ȒȖȘȖȚȒȖȑȐȌȓȐȕȕȖȑ), ȗȖȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊț ȈȘȍȕ ȐȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ.

ǰȔȍȦȡȐȍșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ. ǶȞȍȕȒȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȔ țșȓȖȊȐȧȔ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ ȗȘȖȍȞȐȘțȍȔȖȋȖ ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȕȐȧ – ȥȚȖ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȊȖȗȘȖș ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȝ șȖȏȌȈȚȤ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ Ȑ ȒȈșȒȈȌȣ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ, ȊȍȌțȡȐȝ Ȓ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȔ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȔ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧȔ. ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȘȖȍȞȐȘțȍȔȖȋȖ ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȕȖȔȖȔȍȕȚȕȣȑ ȈȒȚ, ȕȖ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȐȕȚȍȘȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖ-

391

ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

ȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒȐȍ ȒȖȔȉȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȖȌțȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Țȍ ȐȓȐ Ȑȕȣȍ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ Ȑ ȕȍȋȈȚȐȊȕȣȍ. ǶȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȊȖȌ, ȟȚȖ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍȘȍȈȓȐȏțȍȔȣȔȐ ȗȘȐ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȧȝ, ȊȣȕțȎȌȈȧ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȌȖșȚȐȎȐȔȣȍ ȈȓȤȚȍȘȕȈȚȐȊȣ. ǯȈȌȈȟȈ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȚȤ ȗȖȓȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȖȗȞȐȑ ȌȖ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔȣȝ ȒțȘșȖȊ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȦȚșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȌȍȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȒȍ Ȍȓȧ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȉȖȘȈ.

ǷȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȊȣȉȖȘ ȖȗȞȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ. ǪȣșȚȘȖȐȊ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȖȗȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȍȞȐȘțȍȔȖȋȖ ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȕȐȧ – ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȍ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȧ, ȚȘȍȉțȍȔȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ Ȑ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ, ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ șȔȍȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȊȣȉȖȘț ȖȗȞȐȑ Ȑ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȒȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȖȋȖ ȒțȘșȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ.

ǪȣȉȖȘ ȖȗȞȐȑ. ǭșȓȐ ȗȘȖȍȞȐȘțȍȔȣȑ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȗȞȐȑ, ȚȖ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȊȣȉȖȘȈ ȒțȘșȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȔ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȗȘȖȍȞȐȘțȍȔȖȋȖ ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖȝȖȎȐ, șȒȖȘȍȍ, ȕȈ țșȗȍȠȕȖȍ ȉȈȓȈȕșȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȘȍȌȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȖȋȖ ȟȐșȓȈ ȊȏȈȐȔȖșȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ:

ȒȖȘȖȚȒȐȝ Ȑ ȌȓȐȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȑ; ȓȖȒȈȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ ȈȋȘȍȋȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȣȝ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȑ; ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȜȖȘȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ;

ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝȒȖȔȉȐȕȈȞȐȑȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑȊșȍȝȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑȔȖȡȐ; ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ, ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȕȈ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ ȓȖȒȈȓȤȕȖ, ȘȍȋȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȋȓȖȉȈȓȤȕȖ; ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȍȌȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȑ Ȑ Ț.Ȍ.

ǷȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ. ǽȖȚȧ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȚȒȓȐȒȈ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȔ, Ȋ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȍ Ȗȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȓȖȎȕȣȔ. ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ, ȥȚȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ș ȚȍȔ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȗȓȈȕ, ȗȖȔȐȔȖ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȐ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ ȏȈȌȈȟ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȟȈșȚȧȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȧȔ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ, ȕȈȝȖȌȧȡȐȍșȧ Ȋȕȍ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ. ǪȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ, Ȉ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȍ ȈȘȍȕ, ȏȈȌȈȟȈ ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȈȞȐȐ țșȐȓȐȑ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȍȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȖȊȈȚȤ Ȑ ȌȖȉȐȚȤșȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȈ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ, ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȦ ș ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȖȎȕȖȑ.

3.4 ǰșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ

ǰșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȉȘȈȕȕȣȝ ȖȗȞȐȑ ȐȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ (ȖȚȒȓȐȒ) ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȈ Ȑ ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȍȑ (șȚȐȔțȓȖȔ) Ȋ ȕȖȊȖȔ ȞȐȒȓȍ. ǰșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ǶǩǬȅ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȖȎȕȣȔ, ȟȍȔ Ȋ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧȝ ȕȈ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȐȍ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ:

392

ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ǷȘȖȞȍșș ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȚȘȐ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ (ǸȐș. 53), ȘȍȈȓȐȏțȦȡȐȝ Ȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȝ:

x ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȍ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȣ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ (observables), ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȍ șțȌȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȒȈȒ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ;

x ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȍȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ;

x ȖȉȘȈȚȕțȦ șȊȧȏȤ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡțȦ ȗȖȓțȟȐȚȤ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȦ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ Ȍȍȓȍ.

ǵȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȍ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȣ. ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȔȖȋțȚ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȐ, Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ țșȗȍȝȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȍ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȣ – Țȍ ȈȚȘȐȉțȚȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȐȌȕȣ ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔ. ǹȈȔ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȌ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤ ȔȖȕȐȚȖȘȐȕȋ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ. ȅȚȖ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȔ, ȟȚȖ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȐ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Țȍ ȈșȗȍȒȚȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ țȊȐȌȍȚȤ.

ǸȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ «ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȍ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȣ» ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȧ, ȒȈȒ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔ, ȌȊțȝ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ: ȚȘȈșșȐȘțȦȡȍȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ – ȖȚ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ ȊȐȏțȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȑ ȌȖ șȍȚȐ șȍȕșȖȘȖȊ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ, ȒȈȒ ȖȕȐ ȊȐȌȧȚ ȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ; Ȑ ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȐȘțȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ șȐȓ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȓȍȒȈȍȔȣȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ Ȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ.

DzȖȕȚȍȒșȚ. ǵȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ Ȑ ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȍȔȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, ȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȑ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȊȝȖȌȐȚ, ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȕȈȒȖȗȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȧ, ȌȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȈȘȍȕȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘ. ȅȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ, ȒȈȒ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔ, ȚȘȐ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȈ: ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ șȘȍȌȣ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȧȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ; ȗȓȈȕȐȘțȍȔȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ; ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ, ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȡȐȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȍ ȕȍȏȈȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȍȔȣȍ ȗȘȧȔȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ. DzȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ș ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔȣȝ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȖȊ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏțȍȔȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȈȒȚȖȘ, ȐșȗȖȓȕȧȦȡȐȑ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ, ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȕȍȗȘȍȘȣȊȕȖ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧȔ.

393

ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȈȧ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȊȧȏȈȕȈ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȜȈȒȚȖȔ, șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ș ȚȍȔ, ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ ȉțȌȍȚ ȔȍȕȧȚȤșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ, ȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȧ, țȘȖȊȕȧ Ȑ ȈȘȍȕȣ, ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ.

ǶȉȘȈȚȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ. Ǫ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ «ȖȉȘȈȚȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ» ȜȈȏȈ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ǬǸȞȐȒȓȈ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌȐȚȤ Ȋ ȜȈȏț șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȋȖ ȞȐȒȓȈ. Ǫ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȍ ȖȚ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ, Ȋ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȍ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȈȧ șȊȧȏȤ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȐȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ Ȑ, Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ: ȉȣȓȐ ȓȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȚ; ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ ȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȓȖșȤ ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ; ȐȔȍȦȚșȧ ȓȐ ȒȈȒȐȍ-ȓȐȉȖ ȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȖȘȣ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȉȣȓȐ țȊȐȌȍȕȣ. ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȌȐȈȗȈȏȖȕȍ ȊșȗȖȔȖȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȕȌȐȒȈȚȖȘȖȊ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȗȈȘȈȔȍȚȘȣ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ.

3.5 ǹȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ

ǹȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ șȓȖȎȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȚ, ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ, ȉȍșȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȊȏȈȐȔȖșȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ, ȖȚȘȈȎȈȦȡȐȝ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ, ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȣȍ, ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȣ, ȊȓȐȧȦȡȐȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȧ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ (ǸȐș. 54). ǹȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȑ șȊȧȏȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ ș ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȞȐȑ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȑ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ. ǺȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȦȚ ȌȊȖȧȒțȦ ȜțȕȒȞȐȦ. ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, ȖȕȐ ȐȋȘȈȦȚ ȘȖȓȤ ȔȍȘȣ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȍȑ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ, Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȍȌȍȓȈȝ șȐșȚȍȔȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȐȚȤșȧ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ Ȓ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȔ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧȔ, ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ – ȥȚȖ Ȑ șȈȔ ȗȘȖȞȍșș, ȟȍȘȍȏ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȐșȚȍȔȈ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȍȚșȧ (ȐȓȐ ȍȑ ȕȍ țȌȈȍȚșȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȌȍȓȈȚȤ).

ǰ ȏȌȍșȤ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȘȍȕȈȔȐ. ǵȈ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȘȍȕȍ ȊȈȎȕȈ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȕȈ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ, ȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ. ǷȐȘȘȖȊȈ ȗȖȉȍȌȈ, Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ, ȗȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔȈ. ȅȚȖ ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȕȈ ȗșȐ-ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȐȍ, ȊȍșȤ șȔȣșȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȉȘȖșȐȚȤ ȊȣȏȖȊ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȖȗȗȖȕȍȕȚȈ șȖȝȘȈȕȧȚȤ ȒȖȕșȍȕșțș Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ. Ǫ șȐșȚȍȔȍ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȌȈȟ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȍȘȖȋȈȚȐȊȈ Ȑ ȜțȕȒȞȐȐ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȖȊ.

ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȊȣȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ șțȡȕȖșȚȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ Ȑ șțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȈșȖȏȌȈȍȚșȊȖȍȋȖȘȖȌȈȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȍȌȍȘȍȊȖ, ȒȒȖȚȖȘȖȔțȔȖȎȕȖȕȈȟȈȚȤ «ȗȘȐȊȧȏȣȊȈȚȤ» ȔȍȚȖȌȣ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ǶǩǬȅ. ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ șȚȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȜȘȍȑȔȈ Ȓ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ, ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȦ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȍ ǶǩǬȅ. DzȖȕȒȘȍȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȚ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȘȈșșȍȟȍȕȐȍ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȖȊ, ȊȣȌȍȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ, ȚȘȍȉțȦȡȐȝ ȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ, Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑȥȗȖȝȐȔȖȎȍȚȖȉȓȍȋȟȐȚȤȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍȐȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍǶǩǬȅ.

394

ǸȐș. 443

ǹțȉȗȘȖȞȍșșȣșțȡȕȖșȚȕȖȋȖȗȘȖȞȍșșȈ «ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ» ȜȘȍȑȔȈǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈȒȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧȔ

VI. ǷdzǨǵǰǸǶǪǨǵǰǭ, ǪȃǷǶdzǵǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǶǾǭǵDzǨ ǶǩǬȅ

ǺȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈșȓȍȌȕȐȒȖȔ ȓȐȕȍȑȕȖȑ ȗȈȘȈȌȐȋȔȣ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȣȒȓȖ Ȓ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȔȖȌȍȓȧȔ ȊȖȑȕȣ, ȖȕȖ șȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈȉȖȘ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȔȖȋ ȉȣ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȒȈȒ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ (how to) ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ, ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȚȤ ǶǩǬȅ. ǪȖȍȕȕȖȍ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȍ ȝȖȟȍȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ «ȒȕȐȋț ȘȍȞȍȗȚȖȊ», ȝȖȚȧ șȈȔȈ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȈ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȍȚ ȥȚȐ ȖȎȐȌȈȕȐȧ. ǶȉșțȎȌȍȕȕȣȑ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȣȌțȡȍȔ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȜȘȍȑȔȈ ǶǩǬȅ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓ Ȑ ȍȋȖ șțȡȕȖșȚȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȣ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȚ ȚȘȈȕșȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȖșȕȖȊȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȚȣ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ (ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ, ȘȍȈȒȞȐȧ, ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ) Ȋ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘȣ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ, ȚȍȔ șȈȔȣȔ ȘȍȠȈȧ, ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȖ, ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔț ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȧ. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȠȈȋȈȔȐ ǬǸ-ȞȐȒȓȈ Ȑ ȥȚȈȗȈȔȐ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȣ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȕȐȧ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘțȦȚșȧ ș ȥȚȈȗȖȔ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ – ȜȈȏȖȑ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ, Ȉ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ – ȥȚȈȗȖȔ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ.

ǷȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌ, ȊȣșȚȘȈȐȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȕȈ ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȐ ș ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧȔȐ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȔ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȚȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȣ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȖșȚȐȋȕțȚȣȑ ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ țșȗȍȝ ȉțȌȍȚ ȟȈșȚȐȟȕȣȔ, ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȓȐȠȤ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ șȊȍȌȍȕȈ Ȓ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȈȔ ȓȐȕȍȑȕȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȣ. ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌțȍȚ ȕȈ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ, ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȔȣȝ ȕȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ Ȑ ȈȘȍȕȈȝ ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ, ȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȔȐșȧ șȓȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ șȐșȚȍȔȈȔȐ. ȅȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ȗȖȗȣȚȒȐ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ, ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ǶǩǬȅ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤ ȊȖ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȈȏȐșȕȣȍ ȈșȗȍȒȚȣ Ȑ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ șȐșȚȍȔȈȝ, ȗȍȘȍȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȕȐȎȍ.

1. ǪȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȔȍȎȌț ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ (ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ, șȖȦȏȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȈȔȐ) ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȈ ȘȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ:

x ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ – ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ, ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȔ, șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ, ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȔ, ȋȍȖșȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȔȍȎȌțȕȈȘȖȌȕȖȔ;

x ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȈȘȍȕȈȝ – ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ, ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ, ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ, ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ, ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȗȘ.

2.ǵȐ ȖȌȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȐȏȖȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖ Ȑ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ țȘȖȊȕȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȈȘȍȕȖȑ.

3.ǪȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ șȐșȚȍȔȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌșȐșȚȍȔȣ șȈȔȖȖȘȋȈȕȐȏțȦȚșȧ. DzȈȒ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ, ȖȌȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ, ȘȈȏȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȕȖȍ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȈȘȍȕȈȝ Ȑ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ.

397

ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

4.dzȦȉȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȊȣȏȊȈȚȤ ȕȍȗȘȖȗȖȘȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ ȐȓȐ ȒȈșȒȈȌ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ, ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȦȡȐȝșȧ ȗȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ țȘȖȊȕȧȔ Ȑ ȈȘȍȕȈȔ Ȑ, ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ, ȌȍșȚȈȉȐȓȐȏȐȘțȦȡȐȝ ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȧȡȐȝ Ȓ ȗȈȌȍȕȐȦ Ȋ ȝȈȖș ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȐșȚȍȔȣ.

5.ǵȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȟȍȚȒȖ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȈȚȤ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ Ȑ ȖȒȖȕȟȈȕȐȍ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ. ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȖȊ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ, ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕ-

ȒȐ ǶǩǬȅ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȘȍȝ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȈȝ, ȖȚȕȖșȧȡȐȝșȧ Ȓ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔ țȘȖȊȕȧȔ Ȑ ȚȐȗȈȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊ. ǷȍȘȊȣȑ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȍȚ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȕȣ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ ș ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȈȚȘțȓȍȔ, ȗȘȐȍȝȈȊȠȐȔ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȦ, ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚ ȚȍȘȘȖȘȐșȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȈȚȈȒț, ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȟȕțȦ ȈȚȈȒȍ 9 șȍȕȚȧȉȘȧ 2001 ȋȖȌȈ (ȈȚȈȒț 9/11), ȚȘȍȚȐȑ – ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ǶǩǬȅ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȔ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȔ șȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍȔ (Joint Task Force).

1. ǶǩǬȅ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȍ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȕȣ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ 1

ǾȍȓȤȦ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȕȣ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ, șȚȈȓȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ș ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖȔ ȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ – ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔȐ, ȗȖȊșȚȈȕȞȈȔȐ, ȖȒȘțȎȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧȔȐ Ȑ șȍȔȤȧȔȐ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ, ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȖȌȕȖȑ Ȑȏ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ șȚȖȘȖȕ, ȕȖ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ șȞȍȕȈȘȐȍȊ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȧ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȗȖȓȍȔ șȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ. Ǭȓȧ ȥȚȖȋȖ Ȗȕ ȗȓȈȕȐȘțȍȚ Ȑ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ «ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȕȈ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȌȘțȏȍȑ, ȊȘȈȋȖȊ Ȑ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȖȊ», ȚȖ ȍșȚȤ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȦ, ȉȈȏȐȘțȦȡțȦșȧ ȕȈ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȐ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ.

ǶȞȍȕȒȈ (șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖșȔȣșȓȐȊȈȕȐȍ). ǿȚȖȉȣ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȣ, ȗȍȘȊȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍȑ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȕȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ șȚȈȚȤ ȖȞȍȕȒȈ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ Ȋ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȍ Ȑ ȍȍ ȖȒȘȍșȚȕȖșȚȧȝ. Ƕȕ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȎȌȍȕ Ȗ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȈȚȘțȓȧ, ȕȖ ȗȖșȚȈȘȈȚȤșȧ șȖȉȘȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ Ȗ ȕȍȔ: ȒȈȒȖȊȈ ȟȐșȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈ ȒȈȒȖȑ Ȗȕ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȍ, ȒȈȒ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕ, ȒțȌȈ ȌȊȐȋȈȍȚșȧ Ȑ ȗȘ. ǹȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȏȕȈȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȔ șȗȖșȖȉȖȔ, Ȑȏ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ Ȗȕ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȖȓțȟȈȚȤ ȚȈȒțȦ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȦ. ǵȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȞȍȕȕțȦ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȦ Ȗȕ ȗȖȓțȟȈȍȚ Ȑȏ ȕȍȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȑ șȍȚȐ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ. ǺȈȒȈȧ șȍȚȤ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ șȖȏȌȈȕȈ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ, Ȑ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȍȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍȑ șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȕȣ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȌțȔȈȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȗȕ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖȖȡȘȧȚȤ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȚȍȓȍȑ, Ȑȝ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ șȈȔȐȔ ȖȞȍȕȐȊȈȚȤ șȐȚțȈȞȐȦ Ȑ ȌȖȊȖȌȐȚȤ ȌȖ ȕȍȋȖ șȊȖȐ șȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ. ǹȖȉȘȈȊ Ȑ ȖȉȖȉȡȐȊ ȊșȦ ȌȖșȚțȗȕțȦ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȦ (ț șȍȉȧ Ȋ ȋȖȓȖȊȍ ȐȓȐ ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ ȗȖȔȖȡȤ ȕȍȜȖȘȔȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȚȈ ȌȍȘȍȊȕȐ, țȟȈșȚȊțȦȡȍȋȖ Ȋ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȒȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ), șȚȈȘȍȑȠȐȕȈ ȌȖȉȐȊȈȍȚșȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȖșȊȍȌȖȔȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ.

1 ǷȘȐȔȍȘ ȊȣșȚȘȖȍȕ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȅȌțȈȘȌȈ ǹȔȐȚȈ. Smith, Complexity, Networking, and Effects-Based Approaches to Operations.

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