Арзуманян Р., Сложное мышление и сеть парадигма нелинейности и среда безопасности 21 века

ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȚȈȒȈȧ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȚȘțȌȕȖȖșțȡȍșȚȊȐȔȖȑ, ȒȈȒ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ ȖȚ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȘȖȊȕȧ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȓ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȔț Ȑ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț. ǵȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȕȈȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȚ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȔȈȚȟ ȗȖ ȉȖȒșț, ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȐȋȘț Ȋ ȠȈȝȔȈȚȣ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȠȈȦȡȍȑ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȚȈ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȑ, ȖȗȐȘȈȦȡȈȧșȧ ȕȈ ȊȣȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȣȍ ȌȖȓȋȖȑ ȚȘȍȕȐȘȖȊȒȖȑ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ Ȑ ȐȕȚțȐȞȐȦ. ǩȖȒșȍȘ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȧȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ Ȗȕ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȘȍȈȋȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȑ ȊȣȗȈȌ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ, ȕȖ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ – șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȘȍȠȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ. ǷȖȓțțȌȈȘȣ Ȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȟȈȚȣȍ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȘȈȊȕȖșȐȓȤȕȣ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȦ. ǴȍȎȌț ȘȈțȕȌȈȔȐ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȕȍȉȖȓȤȠȖȑ ȗȍȘȍȘȣȊ, ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȦ ȚȈȒȚȐȒț Ȓ ȘȍȈȓȐȧȔ ȉȖȧ, ȕȖ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȘȐșțȕȖȒ ȉȖȧ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȍșȚȤ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȊȖȓȐ Ȓ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ, ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ Ȑ Țȍȝ ȕȈȘȈȉȖȚȖȒ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȉȣȓȐ șȌȍȓȈȕȣ Ȋ ȝȖȌȍ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȚȘȍȕȐȘȖȊȖȒ1. ǵȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ ȉȖȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȋȖȚȖȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȚȤ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊț, ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȕȈ șȗȓȈȊ ȖȉțȟȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ, ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ Ȑ ȈȌȈȗȚȈȞȐȐ. ǶȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȚȍȒȈȦȚ Ȋ ȈȚȔȖșȜȍȘȍ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȕȍ ȗȘȖȡȈȍȚ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȑ, ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȑ.

DzȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ, ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȐȊ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȣ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ Ȑ ȉȈȏȐșȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȣ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ ȊșȚțȗȈȦȚ Ȋ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȍ, ȗȖȘȖȎȌȈȧ ȗȈȘȈȌȖȒș. ǰȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȈ ȖȗȐȘȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ Ȑ ȐȕȚțȐȞȐȦ, ȟȚȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȖșȚȈȊȈȚȤșȧ ȈȌȍȒȊȈȚȕȣȔȐ ȉȣșȚȘȖ ȔȍȕȧȦȡȍȑșȧ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȍ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȉȖȧ, Ȋ ȚȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȒȈȒ ǶǩǬȅ ȕȈ ȊȣșȠȐȝ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȒț, șȚȘȍȔȧșȤ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ. ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȕȍȈȌȍȒȊȈȚȕȖȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȖȌțȔȈȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȖȊ ǶǩǬȅ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȐȊȍșȚȐ Ȓ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȣ Ȑ ȊȣȉȖȘț Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖșȚȖȘȖȎȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ. Ǫ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȉȓȈȋȐȍ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȉȖȍȊȣȝ Ȑ ȗȘȖȟȐȝ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȗȖȐșȒ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȈ Ȋ țȡȍȘȉ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȝȖȘȖȠȍȔț ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȗȖȚȍȘȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȣ. ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, ȉȍȏȌțȔȕȈȧ ȖȗȖȘȈ ȕȈ țȒȖȘȍȕȐȊȠȐȍșȧ ȐȕșȚȐȕȒȚȣ, ȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ Ȑ ȕȍȒȖȘȘȍȒȚȕȖȑ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ Ȋ ȌȖȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ, Ȋ ȘțȒȈȝ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ȔȖȋțȚ șȚȈȚȤ șȔȍȘȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȘțȎȐȍȔ. «ǭșȓȐ ȉȖȍȊȈȧ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȈ ȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȈȊȈ Ȋ ȔȐȘȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȖȉțȟȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȔȖȓȖȚȒȖȔ, ȚȖ ȓȦȉȈȧ ȉȖȍȊȈȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȧ Ȋ ȉțȌțȡȍȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȚȤșȧ ȐȔ ȒȈȒ ȋȊȖȏȌȐ»2. ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, șȘȍȌȈ ǩǬȅ-ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡțȦ ȔȍȚȖȌȖȓȖȋȐȦ, țȟȐȚȣȊȈȦȡțȦ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊț ȕȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ Ȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ, ȍșȓȐ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȟȍȚȒȖȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ Ȑ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ

1 Cheek, Effects-Based Operations, p. 91.

2 Pendall, David W. «Effects-Based Operations and the Exercise of National Power,” Military Review, Vol. 34, No. 1, Jan/Feb. 2004, pp. 20-31. 12 January 2011. http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/milreview/pendall.pdf.

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ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

țȘȖȊȕȧȔȐ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȑ, ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ, ȕȈȓȐȟȐȍ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȣ ȔȍȎȌț ǩǬȅȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈȔȐ ȕȈ ȒȈȎȌȖȔ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ.

3. ǷȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ Ȗȉȡȍȑ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȖȓȖȋȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ

ǸȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ǶǩǬȅ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȧ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ Ȓ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȦ ȠȍșȚȐ ȚȍȖȘȐȑ ȐȓȐ ȈșȗȍȒȚȖȊ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ.

1.ǶǩǬȅ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȔȍȚȖȌȖȔ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȊȧȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȖȉȡȐȍ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȞȍȓȐ ș ȉȖȍȊȣȔȐ ȏȈȌȈȟȈȔȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȣ. ǺȍȘȔȐȕ «ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ, ȉȈȏȐȘțȦȡȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ» (ǩǬȅ-ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ) (Effects-based Planning) ȗȘȐȏȊȈȕ ȖȚȘȈȏȐȚȤ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌ.

2.ǶǩǬȅ ȍșȚȤ ȔȍȚȖȌ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȈȓȤȚȍȘȕȈȚȐȊȕȣȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ ȕȈ ȉȈȏȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ Ȋ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȈȚȈȒȐ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ. ǪȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȊȏȈȐȔȖșȊȧȏȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑ șȍȚȍȊȈȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈ. ǺȍȘȔȐȕ «ȞȍȓȍȗȖȓȈȋȈȕȐȍ, ȉȈȏȐȘțȦȡȍȍșȧ ȕȈ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ» (Effects-based Targeting) ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ.

3.ǶǩǬȅ ȍșȚȤ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ țȘȖȊȕȍȑ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȌȐȗȓȖȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ, ȊȖȍȕȕțȦ Ȑ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒțȦ, ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȖ ȊșȍȔ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈȔ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ.

4.ǶǩǬȅ ȍșȚȤ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ, ȖȌȕȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȈȚȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȉȣșȚȘȖȋȖ ȒȖȓȓȈȗșȈ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ. ǷȖȌȝȖȌ, ȖȝȊȈȚȣȊȈȍȔȣȑ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȖȔ «ȠȖȒ Ȑ ȚȘȍȗȍȚ».

5.ǶǩǬȅ ȜȖȒțșȐȘțȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȣȔȐ ȈȒȚȖȘȈȔȐ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ șȖ șȓȖȎȕȣȔ Ȑ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȊȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȔ.

6.ǶǩǬȅ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȒȈȒ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ șȓȖȎȕȣȝ ȈȌȈȗȚȐȊȕȣȝ șȐșȚȍȔ ș ȕȍȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȔȐ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȕȈȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ, ȊȖȓȍȑ Ȑ ȒȈșȒȈȌȈȔȐ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ Ȋ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȔ Ȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȌȖȔȍȕȈȝ1.

ǺȈȒȈȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȓȐȒȖșȚȤ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ, ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȍȌȐȕȖȋȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȚȘțȌȕȧȍȚ ȍȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ. ǷȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓ ǶǩǬȅ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȕȍȝȊȈȚȒȈ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȓȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȖȘȌȐȕȈȞȐȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ, ȕȍ ȌȈȦȡȐȍ șȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȝȖȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔț ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȦ șȍȉȧ, ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ șȘȍȌȣ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ2. ȅȚȖ ȊȣȕțȎȌȈȍȚ, ȗȍȘȍȌ ȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȍȘȍȑȚȐ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȖ Ȓ

1 Atkinson, The Agile Organization, pp. 138-140.

2 Davidson, Michael L. Culture and Effects-Based Operations in an Insurgency. Fort Leavenworth, KS: School of Advanced Military Studies, Army Command and General Staff College, 2005, pp. 50-51. 12 January 2011. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA437568.

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ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȦ șȈȔȐȑ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ, ȗȘȖȊȍșȚȐ ȖȉȏȖȘ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔȣȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ, ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ Ȑ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȖȊ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ.

4.ǷȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȐ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ

Ǫ2008 ȋȖȌț ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȑ DzǶǹ ǹȀǨ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ DzȖȘȗțșȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȍȝȖȚȣ ǬȎȍȑȔș ǴȈȚȚȐș (James Mattis), ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȑ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ Ȑ ȘȍȗțȚȈȞȐȍȑ ȎȍșȚȒȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ, ȊȣȗțșȚȐȓ ȔȍȔȖȘȈȕȌțȔ Ȗȉ ȐȏȢȧȚȐȐ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȈ ǶǩǬȅ Ȑȏ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ DzǶǹ1. ȅȚȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ ȉȖȓȤȠțȦ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȦ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ǹȀǨ, ȘȈȏȌȍȓȐȊȠȍȋȖșȧ ȕȈ șȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȖȊ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȠȈȋȈ. ǬȎȍȑȔș ǴȈȚȚȐș ȏȈȧȊȐȓ, ȟȚȖ «ȐȌȍȐ, ȖȚȘȈȎȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧȝ ǶǩǬȅ, ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ șȍȚȍȊȈȧ ȖȞȍȕȒȈ (operational net assessment (ONA)) Ȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ șȐșȚȍȔȈ șȐșȚȍȔ (system-of-systems analysis (SoSA)), ȕȍ ȖȗȘȈȊȌȈȓȐ ȘȍȒȓȈȔȐȘțȍȔȣȝ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊ. ȇșȕȖȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȑ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȟȕȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍțȓȖȊȐȔȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ șȖșȚȈȊȈ ǹȀǨ Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȖȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȐȓ»2. DzȈȒ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ, «DzǶǹ ǹȀǨ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ, șȗȖȕșȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȐȓȐ ȥȒșȗȖȘȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȣ Ȑ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ, șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș ȌȈȕȕȣȔȐ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧȔȐ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȗȖȌȋȖȚȖȊȒȐ, ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȐ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ (Joint Professional Military Education (JPME))»3. ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ, «ȚȍȘȔȐȕ «ȉȈȏȐȘțȦȡȐȑșȧ ȕȈ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈȝ» ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖ ȌȍȜȍȒȚȕȣȔ <...> Ȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ șȈȔȖȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ»4.

ǸȍȠȍȕȐȍ ǬȎȍȔșȈ ǴȈȚȚȐșȈ ȉȣȓȖ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȕȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔȐ, ȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȡȐȔȐ ȉȖȍȊȣȔ ȖȗȣȚȖȔ, ȔȕȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ «ǭȎȍȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ» (Joint Force Quarterly (JFQ)) ȊȣȘȈȏȐȓ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ-ȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ DzȖȘȗțșȈ ȔȖȘșȒȖȑ ȗȍȝȖȚȣ ǹȀǨ Ȋ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒȍ ǷȖȓ ǸȐȗȍȘ (Paul Riper) Ȋ șȚȈȚȤȍ «ǶǩǬȅ: ȘȍȉȍȕȒȈ Ȋ ȊȈȕȕȍ ș ȊȖȌȖȑ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ»5. ǷȖȓ ǸȐȗȍȘ șȟȐȚȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ǶǩǬȅ ȕȍșȍȚ ș șȖȉȖȑ țȋȘȖȏț ȝȖȘȖȠȖ ȖȉȖșȕȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȚțȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȐȌȍȧȔ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ, ȖȘȐȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȕȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȐ ȔȐșșȐȐ (mission-oriented command), ȖȏȈȌȈȟȐȊȈȍȚ Ȑ șȉȐȊȈȍȚ ș ȚȖȓȒț ȖȜȐȞȍȘșȒȐȑ ȒȖȘȗțș ǹȀǨ, ȏȈșȚȈȊȓȧȧ ȍȋȖ ȚȘȈȚȐȚȤ ȘȍșțȘșȣ Ȑ ȥȕȍȘȋȐȦ ȕȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ, Ȉ ȕȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ Ȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȚțȈȓȤȕȣȍ Ȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȊȣȏȖȊȣ. ǹȘȍȌȐ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȊȈȎȕȣȝ Ȑȏ ȕȐȝ ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȒȖȕȚȘȗȖȊșȚȈȕȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ.

1 Mattis, James N., General USMC. "USJFCOM Commander's Guidance for Effects-based Operations." Joint Force Quarterly (JFQ), Issue 51, Fourth Quarter 2008, pp. 105-108. 12 January 2011. <https://digitalndulibrary.ndu.edu/ cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/ndupress&CISOPTR=20799&REC=8>.

2 Ibid, p. 106.

3 Ibid, p. 108.

4 Ibid, p. 107.

5 Riper, Paul K. Van, Lt General USMC (Ret.). “EBO: There Was No Baby in the Bathwater,” Joint Force Quarterly (JFQ), Issue 52, First Quarter 2009, pp. 82-85. 12 January 2011. https://digitalndulibrary.ndu.edu/cdm4/ document.php?CISOROOT=/ndupress&CISOPTR=20972&REC=7.

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ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȥȚȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȏȊȈȓȖ Ȑ ȌȘțȋțȦ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȦ. Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓȓȍȑȚȍȕȈȕȚ ǬȥȊȐȌ ǬȍȗȚțȓȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȊșȚȘȍȟȐ ș ȗȘȍșșȖȑ ȗȖ șȓțȟȈȦ țȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȖȚșȚȈȊȒț Ȋ ȈȊȋțșȚȍ 2010 ȋȖȌȈ șȒȈȏȈȓ, ȟȚȖ ǹȀǨ ȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȉȣ șȊȖȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ ȕȈ ǩȓȐȎȕȍȔ ǪȖșȚȖȒȍ, ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȓȐ ǶǩǬȅ ȔȍȎȌț 2001 Ȑ 2003 ȋȖȌȈȔȐ. Ǻȍ, ȒȚȖ ȌțȔȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ ǶǩǬȅ ȥȚȖ «50-ȠȈȋȖȊȣȑ» ȗȘȖȞȍșș, ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȑșȧ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȚȈȒȚȐȒȐ, ȔȍȚȖȌȖȊ Ȑ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘ, ȕȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȦȚ, Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȐȌȍȚ ȘȍȟȤ. ǶǩǬȅ ȥȚȖ «ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ǹțȕȤ-Ǿȏȣ, Ȉ ȕȍ ȟȚȖ-ȚȖ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ <...> ȕȍ ȚȍȖȘȐȧ, ȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ Țȍ ȉȈȏȖȊȣȍ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȣ, ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȓșȧ țșȗȍȝ Ȋ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ “ǩțȘȧ Ȋ ȗțșȚȣȕȍ”». ǶȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȑ ǬȎȍȑȔșȈ ǴȈȚȚȐșȈ ǬȍȗȚțȓȈ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȓ, ȟȚȖ, ȝȖȚȧ ȚȖȚ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ șȖȒțȘșȕȐȒȖȔ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȖȔ, Ȗȕ ȕȍ șȖȋȓȈșȍȕ ș ȕȐȔ. «ǰ Ȗȕ, Ȑ ȧ șȖȋȓȈșȕȣ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ 2000-ȝ ȋȖȌȖȊ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȔȐ șȐȓȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȓȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȕȐȟȍȋȖ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ș ǶǩǬȅ». «ȇ ȌțȔȈȦ, ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȉȣ ȌȈȕȕȣȑ ȗȖȌȝȖȌ, ȔȍȚȖȌȖȓȖȋȐȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȓȈșȤ ȉȣ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ <...> șȒȈȎȍȔ ȠȍșȚȤ-ȌȍȊȧȚȤ ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ Ȋ ǰȘȈȒȍ Ȑ ǨȜȋȈȕȐșȚȈȕȍ, ȔȣȉȣțȎȍȌȖșȚȐȋȓȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ»1.

ǭȡȍ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ ȕȈ șȚȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ «ǭȎȍȒȊȈȘȚȈȓȤȕȐȒȈ ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ» ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȗȖȓȒȖȊȕȐȒȐ ǪǪǹ ǹȀǨ ǴȍȑșȖȕ DzȈȘȗȍȕȚȍȘ (Mason Carpenter) Ȑ ǻȐȓȤȧȔ ȅȕȌȘȦș (William Andrews)2. ǨȊȚȖȘȣ șȚȈȚȤȐ ȗȐȠțȚ, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ ș ȚȍȔ, ȒȈȒ ǶǩǬȅ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧȝ, ȓȍȋȒȖ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȔȣ. ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ, ȗȖȕȐȔȈȧ ȞȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ǶǩǬȅ, ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȊȣȏȣȊȈȍȚ ȉȍșȗȖȒȖȑșȚȊȖ, șȖȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȣȓȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊ ǶǩǬȅ Ȑ ȖȉȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȐȏȢȧȕȖȊ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ. Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, ȈȊȚȖȘȣ șȖȋȓȈȠȈȦȚșȧ, ȟȚȖ ȘȧȌ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔ ǶǩǬȅ șȊȧȏȈȕ ș ȕȍȖȚȘȈȉȖȚȈȕȕȖȑ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ, ȕȍȈȌȍȒȊȈȚȕȣȔ ȍȍ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ, ȋȓȈȊȕȖȍ, ș ȕȍȌȖȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȚȈȒȖȍ ǶǩǬȅ. ǵȈȐȓțȟȠȐȔ ȊȣȝȖȌȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȈ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȓȈ ȉȣ ǶǩǬȅ, ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȊȈȧ Ȗȉȡȍȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȧ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȣȓȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ ȌȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ DzǶǹ ǹȀǨ ȗȖȠȓȖ ȗȖ ȕȈȐȝțȌȠȍȔț ȗțȚȐ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ șȗȖșȖȉȈ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȣȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȓțȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖȔ ǹȀǨ, șȖȦȏȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȈȘȚȕȍȘȈȔȐ ȗȘȖșȚȖ «ȊȣȒȓȦȟȐȓȈ» Ȋșȍ ȖȗȞȐȐ, șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș ǶǩǬȅ.

1 Deptula, David A. “With EBO, You’d Be Home Now,” Air Force Magazine Daily Report, Tuesday August 03, 2010. 12 January 2011. http://www.airforce-magazine.com/DRArchive/Pages/default.aspx.

2 Carpenter, Mason P., Col. USAF and William F. Andrews, Col. USAF “Effects-based Operations: Combat Proven,” Joint Force Quarterly (JFQ), Issue 52, First Quarter 2009, pp. 78-81. 12 January 2011. https://digitalndulibrary.ndu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/ndupress&CISOPTR=20972&REC=7.

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ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

ǨȊȚȖȘȣ șȟȐȚȈȦȚ, ȟȚȖ ȕȍȌȖȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ǶǩǬȅ Ȋ ȖșȕȖȊȕȖȔ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ș «șȊȍȘȝȐȕȎȐȕȐȘȐȕȋȖȔ» (over-engineering), Ȉ ȕȍ șȈȔȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȈȔȐ ǶǩǬȅ1. ǬȈ, ȋȍȕȍȘȈȓ ǴȈȚȚȐș ȗȘȈȊ, ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȉȈȓȈȕșȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȔȍȚȖȌȈȔȐ ȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȐȘȘȍȋțȓȧȘȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȌȖșȚȐȋȈȚȤșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȓțȟȠȍȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ șȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȣ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȠȐȘȖȒȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚșȧ ȕȍȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ. ǵȖ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧ ǶǩǬȅ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȐȑ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȔț ȖȞȍȕȐȚȤ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ. ǶǩǬȅ ȐȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȌȐșȚȈȕȞȐȘțȍȚșȧ ȖȚ șȗȍȞȐȜȐȒȐ ȚȖȋȖ ȐȓȐ ȐȕȖȋȖ ǺǪǬ, ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȈ Ȑ ȗȘ. Ȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȚȈȚȤ ȚȍȔ ȜȘȍȑȔȖȔ, Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȖșȔȣșȓȧȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ. ǹ ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ, «ȏȈȒȘȣȊȈȕȐȍ» ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ, ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȦȡȍȑ ȊȈȎȕȖșȚȤ ȈȓȤȚȍȘȕȈȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȗȖȌȝȖȌȖȊ, ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȕȍȖȉȢȧșȕȐȔȣȔ Ȑ ȕȍȓȖȋȐȟȕȣȔ. Ǫ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȈȊȚȖȘȣ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȚ, ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧ ǶǩǬȅ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȏȕȍȚ. ǭȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȍȌțȚ Ȓ ȚȖȔț, ȟȚȖ ǶǩǬȅ ȉțȌȍȚ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ. ǰșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȈ ǶǩǬȅ Ȑȏ ȓȍȒșȐȒȖȕȈ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȖȎȍȚ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ, ȗȍȘȍȌ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔȐ șȚȖȐȚ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȍ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖ.

Ǫ ȘȈȏȊȍȘȕțȊȠȍȑșȧ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȐ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȐ țȟȈșȚȐȍ Ȑ ȖȜȐȞȍȘȣ ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕȣ Ȑ ȖȉțȟȍȕȐȧ ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ (Joint Staff J7 Joint Doctrine and Education Division Staff)2. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȕȐ ȏȈȡȐȡȈȓȐ ȗȘȖȌȊȐȎȍ-

ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒț «ǹȐșȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȍȒȞȐȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȣ» (Systems Perspective of the Operational Environment)3. ǹȐșȚȍȔȕȈȧ ȗȘȖȍȒȞȐȧ «ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȍȚ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ țșȐȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ, ȒȈȒ ȞȍȕȚȘȣ ȋȘȈȊȐ-

1 ǷȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ ȐȕȎȐȕȐȘȐȕȋȈ Ȑ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ (technoscientific) ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ Ȋ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȐ ǹȀǨ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȋȓțȉȖȒȐȍ ȒȖȘȕȐ. «ǶȉȖȘȖȕȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ țȚȐȓȐȚȈȘȕȈ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ, ȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȘȍȈȓȐșȚȐȟȕȈ Ȑ ȏȈȚȖȟȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȌȍȌțȒȚȐȊȕȖȍ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȍ. ǹțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȍ ȒȖȋȕȐȚȐȊȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍ ȔȍȎȌț ȐȔȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȖȔ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȋȘȧȏȕȖȑ, ȉȍșȗȖȘȧȌȖȟȕȖȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȜȘȍȑȔȈ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ, Ȑ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȚȤ ȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕțȦ ȋȐȉȒȖșȚȤ, ȟȚȖȉȣ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ ș ȕȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȈ. Dz șȖȎȈȓȍȕȐȦ, ȕȍșȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ țȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤ ȌȈȕȕȣȔ ȕȈȗȘȧȎȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȚțȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȊȣȠȍȕȐȦ ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȈȘȈȌȐȋȔȣ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ» (șȔ.

Elkus, Adam. “Complexity, Defense Policy, and Epistemological Failure,” Small Wars Journal, 28 August, 2009).

DzȖȓȐȕ ǫȘȍȑ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗȉ «ȐȕȎȐȕȐȘȐȕȋȍ» ȒȈȒ ȚȐȗȍ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȚȘȍȔȐȚșȧ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȊȖ ȊșȍȔ Ȑ ȊȍȘȐȚ, ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ ǹȀǨ Ȋ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȐ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔ (șȔ. Gray, Colin S.

“Strategy in the Nuclear Age” in Williamson Murray, MacGregor Knox, Alvin Bernstein (eds.), Making of Strategy: Rulers, States, and War, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 592). ǩȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȖȓȖȋ ǨȕȚțȈȕ ǩȖșȒȍȚ (Antoine Bousquet) Ȋ ȒȕȐȋȍ «ǵȈțȟȕȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉ ȊȖȑȕȣ» (The Scientific Way of Warfare) ȌȈȍȚ ȝȘȖȕȖȓȖȋȐȦ țșȗȍȝȈ «ȕȈțȟȕȖ-ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȝ» ȘȍȎȐȔȖȊ – ȗȈȘȈȌȐȋȔ ȚȍȝȕȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȑ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ – Ȑ Ȑȝ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȊȖȍȕȕțȦ ȚȍȖȘȐȦ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȦ. ǾȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȊȣȊȖȌȖȔ Ȑ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ ǩȖșȒȍȚȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ «Ȋ ǯȈȗȈȌȕȖȔ ȔȐȘȍ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȥȘȣ ȌȖȔȐȕȈȕȚȕȣȑ ȒȖȘȗțș ȕȈțȟȕȣȝ ȐȌȍȑ ȖȚȘȈȎȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕ-

ȕȣȝ ȚȍȖȘȐȧȝ Ȑ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ ȊȖȑȕȣ» (șȔ. Bousquet, AntoineȦ The Scientific Way of Warfare: Order and Chaos on the Battlefields of Modernity. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, p. 3).

2 Joint Staff J7 Joint Doctrine and Education Division Staff. “Effects-based Thinking in Joint Doctrine,” Joint Force Quarterly (JFQ), Issue 53, Spring 2009, p. 60. 12 January 2011. https://digitalndulibrary.ndu.edu/cdm4/ document.php?CISOROOT=/ndupress&CISOPTR=21106&REC=6.

3 U.S. Joint Chiefs Staff. Joint Operations. Joint Publication 3-0. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Defense, 17 September 2006, Incorporating Change 1, 13 February 2008, ch. II , IV. 12 January 2011. http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/new_pubs/jp3_0.pdf.

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ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

ȚȈȞȐȐ, ȓȐȕȐȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, ȘȍȠȈȦȡȐȍ ȚȖȟȒȐ. ȅȚȖ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȔ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȠȚȈȉȈȔ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȖȗȞȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȜȖȒțșȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȍșțȘșȖȊ, șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ, ȖȉȝȖȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ Ȑ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ Ȟȍȓȍȑ»1.

ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȉțȌțȡȍȑ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȐ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȊȈȎȕȣȔȐ ȌȊȈ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȈ. ǷȍȘȊȣȑ șȊȧȏȈȕ ș ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤȦ ȌȐșȒțȘșȈ ȊȖȒȘțȋ țȎȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕțȦ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕț ȚȍȘȔȐȕȈ «ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ». ǷȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ șȚȈȚȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧ ǶǩǬȅ, ȕȖ Ȑ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȐ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ «ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ» Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȈ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ. ǨȕȈȓȖȋȐȟȕȣȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȣ Ȑ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ «șȐșȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȍȒȞȐȐ». ǹȗȖșȖȉșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ ȊȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȍȒȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȞȍșșț ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȞȍȕȒȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ? DzȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȣȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȧ Ȋ șȐșȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȚȍȖȘȐȐ, șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ș șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȏȈȒȘȣȚȣȝ, ȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȝ șȐșȚȍȔ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ, ȕȍȓȐȕȍȑȕȣȝ. ǵȍ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ Ȓ țȔȍȕȤȠȍȕȐȦ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȐȔȖșȚȐ șȐșȚȍȔȕȖȑ ȗȘȖȍȒȞȐȐ? ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȈȒȒțȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȖȊȍȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȏȕȈȕȐȧ – ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ, ȒȈșȈȦȡțȦșȧ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖșȕȖȊ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȚȘȖȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ. ǺȈȒȈȧ ȔțȌȘȖșȚȤ ȊȗȐȚȣȊȈȍȚ șȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȍȔ ȖȗȣȚ, șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȑ șȖ șȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ, ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍȔ ȐȓȐ ȏȈȒȈȚȖȔ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȌȍȑ. «ǨȘȋțȔȍȕȚȣ, șȊȧȏȈȕȕȣȍ ǩǬȅ-ȐȌȍȧȔȐ, <...> șȖșȓțȎȐȓȐ ȝȖȘȖȠțȦ șȓțȎȉț Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȍȔȖȑ ȊșȍȔȐ ȞȍȓȐ ȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȑ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȘȍȓȍȊȈȕȚȕȖȑ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕȣ»2. ǺȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ǻȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȑ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕȣ Ȑ ȖȉțȟȍȕȐȧ ǶȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ ȗȘȐȏȣȊȈȍȚ Ȓ șȌȍȘȎȈȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȋȓțȉȖȒȖȔț ȌȐșȒțȘșț, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȚ ȖȚȊȍȚȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ, ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖșȕȖȊ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓ ǹȀǨ. ǰ ș ȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓ Ȑ ȕȈȘȈȉȖȚȒȐ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ Ȑ ǩǬȅ-ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȝȖȘȖȠȐȔ ȗȖȌșȗȖȘȤȍȔ.

1 Joint Staff J7, Effects-based Thinking in Joint Doctrine, p. 60. 2 Ibid.

294

II. ǶǹǵǶǪǵȃǭ ǷǶǵȇǺǰȇ, ǶǷǸǭǬǭdzǭǵǰȇ ǰ DzǶǴǷǶǵǭǵǺȃ DzǶǵǾǭǷǾǰǰ ǶǩǬȅ

ǵȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ȐȔȍȍȚșȧ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȊȍȘșȐȑ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ ǶǩǬȅ, ȗȖȒȘȣȊȈȦȡȐȝ ȌȐȈȗȈȏȖȕ ȖȚ ȖȜȖȘȔȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȋȕȐȚȐȊȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ ȌȖ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȈ ȖȗȍȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ țȘȖȊȕȍȑ. ǪȖȗȘȖș, ȗȖȟȍȔț ȏȈȗȈȌȕȣȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȑ ȐșȚȍȉȓȐȠȔȍȕȚ ȗȖȠȍȓ ȕȈ ȊȕȍȌȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ, ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȡȍȑ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȗȘȍȚȈȞȐȑ, ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȍȕ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȗȘȖșȚȖ ȒȖȕșȚȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ, ȒȈȒ ȔȐȕȐȔțȔ, ȓȍȒșȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ, șȊȧȏȈȕȕȈȧ ș ǶǩǬȅ1. ǵȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȑ ȌȍȕȤ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ șȓȖȊȈȘȧ, șȗȐșȒȈ șȖȋȓȈșȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȑ, ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ, ȚȍȘȔȐȕȖȊ. ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȌȖȒȚȘȐȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ ǴǶ ǹȀǨ ȕȍ ȌȈȦȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȣȝ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȖȊ ǶǩǬȅ ȐȓȐ ȖȕȐ ȘȈȏȕȧȚșȧ.

1. ǩȈȏȐșȕȣȍ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌȈ

DzǶǹ ǹȀǨ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȥȜȜȍȒȚ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ: «ȅȜȜȍȒȚ – ȥȚȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȟȍșȒȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ șȐșȚȍȔȣ, ȧȊȓȧȦȡȍȍșȧ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȐȓȐ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈ»2. Ǫ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȝ DzǶǹ ǹȀǨ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȔȖȎȕȖȕȈȑȚȐșȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȚȍȘȔȐȕȖȊ, ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔȣȝȊȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ3.

ǻȏȍȓ – ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ, ȔȍșȚȖ ȐȓȐ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȢȍȒȚ, ȧȊȓȧȦȡȐȍșȧ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȒȖȔȗȖȕȍȕȚȖȔ șȐșȚȍȔȣ.

ǬȍȑșȚȊȐȍ – ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ, ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȑ țȏȍȓ.

DzȖȕȍȟȕȖȍ șȖșȚȖȧȕȐȍ – ȒȈȒȖȑ ȝȖȚȧȚ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ șȐȚțȈȞȐȦ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚ Ȑ ȔȐȕȐșȚȘ ȖȉȖȘȖȕȣ ǹȀǨ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȉțȌțȚ ȏȈȊȍȘȠȍȕȣ – ȒȈȒ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ Țȍ, Ȋ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȦȚ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȐȕșȚȘțȔȍȕȚȣ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ. ǴȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȚȘȍȉțȍȔȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȦȚ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȐȔȐ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȈȌȈȟ.

ǹȐșȚȍȔȈ – ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖ, ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐ Ȑ/ȐȓȐ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȟȍșȒȐ șȊȧȏȈȕȕȈȧ ȋȘțȗȗȈ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ ȌȘțȋ ș ȌȘțȋȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȍȌȐȕȖȍ ȞȍȓȖȍ. ǿȚȖȉȣ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ «șȐșȚȍȔȈ șȐșȚȍȔ»-ȕȖȔț ȈȕȈȓȐȏț, ǶǩǬȅ Ȋ ȕȈșȚȖȧȡȍȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȐșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ șȘȍȌȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ, ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ, ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȟȍșȒȐȝ, șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ, ȐȕȜȘȈșȚȘțȒȚțȘȕȣȝ Ȑ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ șȐșȚȍȔ

1 Davidson, Culture and Effects-Based Operations in an Insurgency, p. 47. 2 U.S. Joint Chiefs Staff. Joint Operations. Joint Publication 3-0, p. IV-9. 3 Admiral, Effects-Based Operations, pp. 26-27.

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ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

(ǷǪȅǹǰǰ-șȐșȚȍȔ). ǨȕȈȓȐȏ ȌȈȕȕȣȝ șȐșȚȍȔ Ȑ Ȑȝ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȧȧ ȊȏȈȐȔȖșȊȧȏȤ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȊȈȍȚ «ȝȖȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ», țȗȖȔȐȕȈȍȔȖȍ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȐ.

ǹȐșȚȍȔȈ șȐșȚȍȔ – ȋȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȈȕșȈȔȉȓȍȑ ȘȍșțȘșȖȊ (ȉȈȕȒȖȊșȒȈȧ șȐșȚȍȔȈ ȐȓȐ șȐșȚȍȔȈ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ) Ȑ ȗȘȖȞȍȌțȘ, ȘȍȋțȓȐȘțȦȡȐȝșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȧ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȗȍȞȐȜȐȟȕȣȝ ȜțȕȒȞȐȑ.

ǶȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȈȧ șȘȍȌȈ – ȒȖȔȗȖȏȐȞȐȧ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ, țșȓȖȊȐȑ Ȑ ȊȓȐȧȕȐȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȚ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȘȍșțȘșȖȊ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȑ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȦ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȋȖ1.

ǬȈȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȍ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ ȚȘȍȉțȍȚ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȚȈȒșȖȕȖȔȐȐ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȦȡȍȑ ȖȗȐșȈȚȤ Ȑ ȒȓȈșșȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȐȘȖȌț ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȣ Ȑȝ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ. ǯȈȌȈȟȈ ȘȍȠȈȍȚșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȉȈȏȐșȕȣȝ ȒȓȈșșȖȊ – ȊȐȌȖȊ, ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȖȊ Ȑ ȚȐȗȖȊ2.

ǪȐȌȣ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ. ȅȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȔȐ.

ǷȘȧȔȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ – ȥȚȖ ȕȍȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ/ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȣ ȗȖȉȖȟȕȣȔȐ șȖȉȣȚȐȧȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȈȔȐ. ǶȕȐ ȓȍȋȒȖ ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȦȚșȧ Ȑ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ. ǷȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȧȔȣȔ ȗȖȗȈȌȈȕȐȍȔ. ǵȍȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȚȘțȌȕȖ ȘȈșȗȖȏȕȈȦȚșȧ, ȟȈșȚȖ șȔȍȡȍȕȣ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȌȘțȋȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ. ǶȉȣȟȕȖ ȖȕȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧȔȐ ȊȚȖȘȖȋȖ Ȑ ȚȘȍȚȤȍȋȖ ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ ȖȚ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȧȚȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ Ȑ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȑ ȗȘȐȘȖȌȍ ȒȈȒ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ. ǷȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȟ ȊȖȓȐ ȥȒȐȗȈȎȍȑ Ȑ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȚȈȕȒȖȊȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ, ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȚȈȕȒȈ ȒȖȔȈȕȌȐȘȈ ȋȘțȗȗȣ.

ǷȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȐȏțȦȚ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚ ȗȘȧȔȣȍ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ. ǶȕȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȒțȔțȓȧȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ, ȒȈșȒȈȌȕȣȔȐ ȐȓȐ șȖȗțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȔȐ.

DzțȔțȓȧȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ – ȥȚȖ «ȈȋȘȍȋȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȑ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȗȘȧȔȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ»3. ǶȕȐ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȕȐȎȕȐȝ țȘȖȊȕȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȓ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȔ Ȑ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȦ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤșȧ șȓȖȎȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȞȍȓȖșȚȕȣȔȐ, ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȧșȤ ȕȈ ȊȣșȠȐȝ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ. ǷȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ȒțȔțȓȧȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȈȘȈȓȐȟ ȊȖȓȐ ȊȣșȠȍȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȘțȒȖȊȖȌșȚȊȈ

1 U.S. Joint Forces Command. “Operational Implications of Effects-based Operations (EBO),” Joint Doctrine Series:Pamphlet 7, Suffolk, VA: Joint Warfighting Center, Nov. 17, 2004, p. 2.

2 Mann, Edward C. III, Gary Endersby, and Thomas R. Searle. Thinking Effects: Effects-Based Methodology for Joint Operations, CADRE Paper No. 15. Maxwell Air Force Base, AL: Air University Press, October 2002, pp. 30-36. 12 January 2011. http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cadre/mann.pdf.

3 Ibid, p. 96.

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ǹdzǶǮǵǶǭ ǴȃȀdzǭǵǰǭ ǰ ǹǭǺȄ: ǷǨǸǨǬǰǫǴǨ ǵǭdzǰǵǭDZǵǶǹǺǰ ǰ ǹǸǭǬǨ ǩǭǯǶǷǨǹǵǶǹǺǰ 21 ǪǭDzǨ

Ȑ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȒȈȗȐȚțȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȚȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ țȘȖȊȕȍ, ȗȘȐȕȧȊȠȍȋȖ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ, Ȉ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȒȈȚȈșȚȘȖȜȣ.

DzȈșȒȈȌȕȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ – «ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȝȖȌȧȚ ȏȣȉȤȦ ȗȖ șȐșȚȍȔȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ, ȟȈșȚȖ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȧ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȍ șȐșȚȍȔȣ»1. ǶȕȐ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȧȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȊȍȘȝȕȐȝ țȘȖȊȕȍȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ Ȓ ȕȐȎȕȐȔ, ȗțȓȤșȐȘțȧ Ȋ șȐșȚȍȔȈȝ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊțȧ ȗȖ ȔȍȘȍ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȌȘțȋȐȍ țȏȓȣ șȐșȚȍȔȣ. ǷȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ȒȈșȒȈȌȕȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȔȖȋțȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȖȚ țȕȐȟȚȖȎȍȕȐȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȋȖ ȠȚȈȉȈ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ, ȒȈșȒȈȌȖȔ șȗțșȒȈȦȡȐȍșȧ ȕȈ ȕȐȎȕȐȍ țȘȖȊȕȐ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȍ ȠȚȈȉȣ, ȎȍșȚȒȖ șȒȈȏȣȊȈȧșȤ ȕȈ Ȑȝ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȐ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤ țȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȑșȒȈȔȐ.

ǹȖȗțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ – ȥȚȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȣ, ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌțșȔȖȚȘȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȔȣȔȐ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧȔȐ. ǹȖȗțȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȖȎȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȐȓȐ ȖȚȘȐȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȟȈȡȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȦȚ șȍȉȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ țȘȖȕ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȈȔ, țȏȓȈȔ șȐșȚȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ, ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȍ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȗȘȖȊȖȌȐȔȖȑ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ. ǷȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ȔȖȋțȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȗȖȚȍȘȐ șȘȍȌȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȉȖȍȊ Ȋ ȕȈșȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗțȕȒȚȈȝ.

ǺȐȗȣ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ. ȅȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ, ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ, șȐșȚȍȔȕȣȔȐ Ȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ.

«ǼȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ șȖȏȌȈȦȚșȧ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȧȔȖȍ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ, ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȈ ȐȓȐ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȍșțȘșȖȊ»2. ǶȕȐ ȒȖȕȞȍȕȚȘȐȘțȦȚșȧ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȐ Ȑ ȗȖȘȈȎȍȕȐȐ șȐȓ Ȑ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȐ.

ǼțȕȒȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȧȔȣȔȐ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȔȐ Ȑ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ (ȉȖȍȊȣȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ, ȈȚȈȒȈ ȐȓȐ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȧ) ȕȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȞȍȓȐ/ȖȉȢȍȒȚȣ, țȏȓȣ Ȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȚȤ ȕȈ Ȑȝ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȤȕȖȍ ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ3.

ǹȐșȚȍȔȕȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ – ȥȚȖ «ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ, ȐȔȍȦȡȐȍ ȞȍȓȤȦ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȊȖȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȕȈȘțȠȐȚȤ ȘȈȉȖȚț ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȐȓȐ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ șȐșȚȍȔ»4. ǷȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ șȐșȚȍȔȕȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȓțȎȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȍ ȥȕȍȘȋȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐșȚȍȔȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ.

ǷșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ «ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȖȔ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȊȓȐȧȦȡȐȝ ȕȈ ȔȖȚȐȊȈȞȐȦ, ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȦ, ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȍ, Ȑ, Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ șȟȍȚȍ, ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȓȐȌȍȘȖȊ, ȗȘȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊ, ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȑ, șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȋȘțȗȗ Ȑ ȖȚȌȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȓȐȟȕȖșȚȍȑ»5. ȅȚȖ ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕȣȍ Ȑ ȚȘțȌȕȣȍ Ȍȓȧ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ6.

1 Ibid, p. 95.

2 Ibid, p. 37.

3 Ibid, p. 37, 97.

4 Ibid, p. 38.

5 Ibid, p. 98.

6 Ibid, pp. 38-39.

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ǸȈȟȤȧ ǨǸǯǻǴǨǵȇǵ

ǷȘȧȔȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȦ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȒȈșȒȈȌȣ ȗȍȘȍȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȕȍȗȘȧȔȣȝ, ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ. ǼȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȔȖȋțȚ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚȤ Ȓ ȥȜȜȍȒȚț ȗȈȌȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȌȖȔȐȕȖ, Ȉ ȗșȐȝȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȦ ȊȍșȚȐ șȍȉȧ ȊȏȘȣȊȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȖ Ȑ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȒȖȘȖșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȘȈȏȔȈȝȖȔ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȑ1. ǺȈȒȈȧ ȊȏȈȐȔȖșȊȧȏȤ Ȑ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȊȓȐȧȕȐȍ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȗȓȈȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏȈȕȐȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ șȓȖȎȕȖȑ ȏȈȌȈȟȍȑ.

2. ǩǬȅ-ȗȖȌȝȖȌ Ȋ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓȈȝ, ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧȝ ǹȀǨ

ǹȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔ ȠȈȋȖȔ Ȋ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȐ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ǶǩǬȅ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ șȚȈȚȤ ȖȉȏȖȘ ȐȌȍȑ, ȉȈȏȖȊȣȝ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗȖȊ Ȑ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ, ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔȣȝ Ȋ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȖȒțȔȍȕȚȈȝ ȘȖȌȖȊ ȊȖȑșȒ, ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ Ȑ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȝ Ȑ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȧȝ.

2.1 ǶǩǬȅ Ȋ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȣȝ șȐȓȈȝ ǹȀǨ

ǪȖȍȕȕȖ-ȔȖȘșȒȐȍ șȐȓȣ. ǬȖȒȚȘȐȕȈ ǪǴǹ ǹȀǨ ȕȍ ȌȈȍȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǶǩǬȅ, ȕȖ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȦ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ (maneuver warfare) Ȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȕȈ ȐȏȕțȘȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ. ǴȈȕȍȊȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȚșȧ șȒȖȘȍȍ ȒȈȒ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȧ, ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘțȦȡȈȧșȧ ș ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ȊȖȑȕȣ ǹțȕȤ-Ǿȏȣ Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȍȘȒȐȊȈȦȡȈȧ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȔȈȕȌțȦȡȍȔț șȊȖȉȖȌȣ ȗȘȐ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȐ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȑ, ȟȚȖȉȣ țșȗȍȠȕȖ șȗȘȈȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ș ȉȖȍȊȖȑ ȖȉșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ. «ǴȈȕȍȊȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȖȑȕȈ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȐȍȑ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȉȖȘșȚȊȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȣȚȈȍȚșȧ ȘȈșșȚȘȖȐȚȤ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ șȗȓȖȟȍȕȕȖșȚȤ (cohesion) ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȍȘȐȦ ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ, ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȖȏȌȈȦȚ ȚțȘȉțȓȍȕȚȕțȦ Ȑ ȉȣșȚȘȖ țȝțȌȠȈȦȡțȦșȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȦ, ș ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȗȕ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ șȗȘȈȊȐȚȤșȧ»2. DzȓȦȟȍȊȣȔ ȔȖȔȍȕȚȖȔ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ, ȚȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ, ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȜȖȒțșȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ șȓȈȉȖșȚȧȝ Ȑ țȧȏȊȐȔȖșȚȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ șȍȘȐȍȑ șȐȓȤȕȣȝ, ȉȣșȚȘȣȝ Ȑ ȕȍȖȎȐȌȈȕȕȣȝ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȑ ȍȋȖ șȗȖșȖȉȕȖșȚȤ ȊȍșȚȐ ȒȈȔȗȈȕȐȦ.

ǪȖȍȕȕȖ-ȊȖȏȌțȠȕȣȍ șȐȓȣ. ǿȚȖȉȣ ȌȖșȚȐȟȤ ȎȍȓȈȍȔȣȝ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȖȊ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ țȘȖȊȕȧȝ ȊȖȑȕȣ, ǪǪǹ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȦȚ șȖȟȍȚȈȕȐȍ ȐȔȍȦȡȐȝșȧ Ȋ ȘȈșȗȖȘȧȎȍȕȐȐ șȐȓ Ȑ șȘȍȌșȚȊ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȒȓȦȟȍȊȣȝ țȏȓȖȊ șȐșȚȍȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȕȐȒȈ, ȖȗȐȘȈȧșȤ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȕȈ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȈȥȘȖȒȖșȔȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȖ. ǬȖȒȚȘȐȕȈ ǪǪǹ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȊȖȍȕȕȖȑ ȔȖȡȐ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ ȉȣȚȤ ȉȈȏȐȘțȦȡȐȔșȧ ȕȈ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȈȝ, ș ȠȐȘȖȒȐȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȕȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȈȘȈȓȓȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȑ. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ ȔȍșȚȖ Ȋ ȗȘȖ-

1 Smith, Effects Based Operations, pp. XIV – XVII. 12 January 2011. http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Smith_EBO.pdf.

2 U.S. Marine Corps. Fleet Marine Force Manual 1 (FMFM1), Warfighting. Washington, DC: Department of the Navy, Headquarters United States Marine Corps, 20 June 1997. 12 January 2011. http://www.marines.cc/downloads/ FMFM1/FMFM1-1.pdf.

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