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1. …….. the form of government Americans have established for themselves.

2.….. written laws enacted by Congress, state legislatures, or local governing authorities in response to a perceived need to clarify the function of government.

3.…… Statutes enacted by a municipal (city) or county government.

4.…… legal action a person takes to resolve a private dispute with another person.

Exercise 4. Answer these questions

1. In addition to maintaining order, laws also serve to protect ownership of property, regulate certain businesses.

2.Criminal law must clearly describe the unacceptable behavior and set a punishment for it .

3.Court's interpretation of constitutional provisions, clarifying the meaning of a statute or rule as applied to a specific set of facts.

4.The person filing the lawsuit must have a recognized cause of action and sometimes, law enforcement's actions in enforcing a law.

TEXT 2. Basic Concepts of the U.S. Constitution

Exercise 1. Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)law enforcement officers

b)abuse of power

d)equal before the law

e)amendments to the Constitution

f)to resolve issues

g)supremacy clause

Exercise 2. Say if the sentences are true or false.

1.F

2.T

3.F

4.F

5.T

6.T

Exercise 3. Match these words and synonyms.

Exercise 4. Complete these sentences.

1. ....governmental abuse of power and defines law enforcement's authority to act.

2. ......in the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which are known as the Bill of Rights

3. ...... freedom of speech, protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, and prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment , etc.

4. ....form a contract between the people of the United States and the United States government that spells out the responsibilities and authority of the three branches of government.

5. ... that laws conflict, federal law generally overrules state and local law.

Exercise 5. Answer these questions

1.the limitations that the Constitution sets and the case law decisions that interpret those limitations. Certain amendments are particularly relevant to law enforcement.

2.law enforcement activities .

3.within which the government operates and establishes laws.

4.Yes, they can

TEXT 3. The Bill of Rights

Exercise 1. Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)officer liability

b)disorderly conduct

d)the right to bear arms

e)unreasonable search

f)indictment

g)double jeopardy

h)due process of law

Exercise 2. Fill in the appropriate prepositions.

1 of , to

2.by, for

3.with, over

4.for

5.without

6.within

7.to

Exercise 3. Match these terms and their definitions.

1.f

2.c

3.d

4.e

5.b

6.a

Exercise 4. Answer these questions.

1.the First, Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments.

2.freedom of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and religion and the right to bear arms.

3.unreasonable search and seizure.

4.prohibiting compelled self-incrimination

TEXT 4. Types of the US police

Exercise 1. Match the word combinations and their translation.

1 - e

2- a

3- b

4- g

5- i

6- c

7- d

8- f

9- h

Exercise 2. Say if the sentences are true or false.

1.F

2.T

3.F

4.F

5.T

6.T

Exercise 3. Answer these questions.

1.Policing in the United States is conducted by numerous types of agency at many different levels.

2.to enforce federal laws not only at the federal level, but also state, county, and local in many circumstances.

3.Once the fugitive crosses a state line he violates the federal law of interstate flight and is subject to federal jurisdiction.

4.by Sheriffs' Departments or Offices and County police.

5.Full-service , limited service and restricted service.

6.Municipal police range from one-officer agencies to the 40,000 men and women of the New York City Police Department.

7.transit police, campus police, airport police, park police or police departments responsible for protecting government property.

TEXT 5. Categories and Classes of Offenses

Exercise 1. Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)an offense

b)a felony

d)a misdemeanor

e)a violent career criminal

f)habitual felony offender

g)civil penalty .

Exercise 2. Complete these word partnerships.

1.h

2.g

3.f

4.e

5.d

6.c

7.b

8.a

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences.

1. ....... acts that are punishable under law.

2. ...... the severity of the offense's maximum or minimum penalty.

3. ...... defendants who have been classified as a violent career criminal, or habitual felony offender.

4. ......when the crime was committed and the type of crime committed.

5 . ...... any criminal offense with a maximum incarceration penalty in a county jail up to one year.

6....... a noncriminal violation.

Exercise 4. Answer these questions.

1.as either felony or misdemeanor.

2.5

3.a capital felony.

4.- violent offenses committed against law enforcement officers, correctional officers, State Attorneys, Assistant State Attorneys, and judges

- wearing a mask, hood, etc. to conceal identity while committing a felony or misdemeanor

- wearing a bulletproof vest while committing certain offenses -evidencing prejudice while committing a crime (hate crimes) -possessing a weapon while committing a crime

-unlawful taking, possessing, or using of a law enforcement officer's firearm during the commission of a crime

-committing a misdemeanor or felony that facilitated or furthered an act of terrorism.

5. A first-degree and a second-degree one.

TEXT 6. Proving a Criminal Offense

Exercise 1. Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)corpus delicti

b)probable cause to believe

d)omission

e)general intent

f)temporary presence g)transferred intent

h)criminal negligence

Exercise 2. Fill in the appropriate prepositions.

1.towards

2.under

3.with

4.over, above

5.for, between

6.to

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences.

1. .....determine whether elements of a criminal act are present.

2...... that the person had a legal duty to act and not simply a moral duty. 3. ......purposely doing what the law declares to be a crime.

4. ......most criminal offenses, which require some forbidden act by the offender.

5. ......a special mental element of intention to cause a particular result, which is required over and above any mental state required for the offender to commit the act.

6. ...... an intentional act harms an unintended second victim .

7. ....... he or she did not intend for his or her behavior to cause the resulting harm at all .

TEXT 7 . The Probable Cause Affidavit

Exercise 1. Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)probable cause affidavit

b)to file formal charges

c)under oath

d)a narrative of the offense

e)tangible evidence

f)to write legibly

g)truthfulness

Exercise 2. Say if the sentences are true or false.

1.T

2.F

3.T

4.F

5.T

6.F

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences.

1...... sworn, written statement by a law enforcement officer establishing certain facts and circumstances to justify an arrest.

2. .......date, time, place, reason for the contact and/or seizure; if and why a search occurred; name and address of all parties present; name, address, identifying information, and description of the accused; any statement of the accused; name of victim ; city or county where offense occurred; offense charged; correct Statute number or county or municipal ordinance; any other information .

3........ sign as required and affix any official seal.

to secure not only the co-operation of the conflicting parties, but also of the international community, including regional and non-governmental organizations, donors, and member states.

3....... write legibly, use the appropriate term designated by the officer's agency or jurisdiction, and ensure that the offense occurred within the officers jurisdiction.

4. ...... witness statements, offense and supplemental reports, and collected evidence.

5...... department policy for approval and submission of paperwork.

Exercise 4. Answer these questions.

1.It is a sworn, written statement by a law enforcement officer establishing certain facts and circumstances to justify an arrest.

2.to determine if there was sufficient probable cause to detain the individual.

3. to decide whether to file formal charges for the alleged crime.

4.Yes, it may.

TEXT 8. Statement

Exercise 1. Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)occurrence

b)to notarize.

c)to preserve as evidence in the court

d)multiple witnesses

e)to provide sworn statements

f)to require medical attention

g)at the scene

Exercise 2. Fill in the appropriate prepositions.

1.from, about

2.as , in

3.for

4.of

5.from

6.at

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences.

1. .......a permanent, verbal, or written record of a person's account of an incident or occurrence that may or may not be made under oath.

2......... information about any crime, incident, occurrence, witnesses, suspects, and victims.

3. ...... complete a report, offer probable cause, file an affidavit, or obtain a warrant.

4. ........ be sure to explain the reason for the request and should be clear about what information (who. what, when, where, how, and why of the incident) is needed.

5. ...... "Can you tell me what happened?"

6. ...... who say they saw and heard nothing unless the officer believes that they are not being truthful.

TEXT 9. Report

Exercise 1. Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)to submit a report

b)to complete an assignment

c)to document the facts

d)pertinent information

e)to consider the circumstances

f) runaway juvenile

g to evaluate performance.

Exercise 2 . Match these words and synonyms.

1. f)

2. c)

3. b)

4. e)

5. d)

6. a)

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences.

1.......a written document prepared by a law enforcement officer that gives information about an event, situation, or person encountered by the officer.

2........ writing effective, clear, concise reports.

3....... the writer's competence and professionalism not only in writing but also in all aspects of police work.

4....... it results in better police work and more convictions, reduces legal liability for both the officer and the department, and save the department time and expense.

5......all crimes, use of force by an officer, suicide, natural death, found property, runaway juvenile, traffic crashes, miscellaneous noncriminal or suspicious incidents, additional or supplemental information.

Exercise 4. Answer these questions.

1. A criminal could go free and threaten the safety of the community as result of a poor-quality report.

2.Agency forms and the pertinent information required to complete each one.

3.If the information pertains a previously documented incident.

4.examining past events, keeping other law enforcement officers informed, continuing investigations, preparing court cases, coordinating law enforcement activities, planning future law enforcement services, and evaluating law enforcement officers' performance.

TEXT 10. Global Police Cooperation

Exercise 1 Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)the United Nations

b)the Group of Seven

d)uncertain status

e)to detract from authority and legitimacy

f)in the face of changing patterns of crime

g)an indispensable communications system

Exercise2. Complete these word partnerships.

1. h)

2. g)

3. b)

4. f)

5. c)

6. d)

7. e)

8. a)

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences.

1. ... the key agency for global law enforcement cooperation.

2. ... the United Nations, the Customs Cooperation Council, the G7. 3. .... a system of multilateral communication of police information. 4. … time and according to region of the world.

5. ...... a forum in which international treaties can be negotiated, a repository for statistical and legal information about criminal matters, and provider of aid to improve the capacity for criminal law enforcement in less developed countries.

6. ........ national financial intelligence units.