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turns makes the magnetic field stronger. 7. Iron is covered with a thin layer of tin to prevent it from rusting, for tin does not rust on exposure to air. 8. The small physical size of the crystal in relationship to its input capacitance results in the resonant frequency of the input system being higher than when the tube is employed. 9. Most actual crystals are imperfect, owing to being grown under conditions in which solid material is somewhat impeded in reaching and being deposited on certain faces. 10. All alkali metals resemble each other in having low melting points.

70. Read the following -ing words and find the Participles:

Reading; shortcoming; about asking questions; the student’s asking; their asking questions; No smoking!; notwithstanding that; granting that; seeing that; considering that; supposing that; notwithstanding; following; barring; excepting; according to; considering; regarding; а 'reading 'student; a 'reading lamp; a 'dancing 'girl; a 'dancing girl; a 'drinking man; a 'drinking 'man.

71. Define the syntactic function of the Participle I.

1. The man is speaking with him. 2. The man speaking with him looks like Bob. 3. The man speaking with him is Bob. 4. Speaking with him is Bob. 5. The student opening the door is Bob. 6. Opening the door the student said, "Good morning!" 7. "Good morning!", the student said opening the door. 8. The student asking questions, we answer them. 9. The student asking questions speaks English. 10. We heard the student asking questions. 11. The student asking questions, we waited. 12. He was seen running. 13. He seemed to be dying.

72. Read the following words and find the Participles:

He worked; he has worked; the wounded; retireds; old-fashioneds; illustrateds; unwanteds; coloureds; disableds; young marrieds/newly weds; blue-eyed; provided (that); granted (that); granted.

73. Is the word in bold a Participle or a finite verb?

1. The student was asked a question. 2. The student has asked a question. 3. The student asked a question. 4. The student asked the question did not know the answer. 5. The question asked proved difficult. 6. Asked the question, the student did not know the answer. 7. The question asked was difficult.

74. Define the syntactic function of the Participle I.

1. The engines produced… 2. The engines are produced… 3. (When) asked the question, the student did not know the answer. 4. The student asked the question did not know the answer. 5. The work finished by him, we left. 6. The work finished by him was difficult. 7. I want the work finished. 8. The work finished, we left. 9. He was reported killed. 10. He looked scared. 11. You seem to be interested.

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75. Translate the following sentences with Gerunds and Participles.

1. Before going out I called Jim. 2. I got home feeling very tired. 3. Feeling tired, I went to bed early. 4. What did you do after leaving school? 5. Not knowing her address, I couldn't find her. 6. Jane left without finishing her dinner. 7. She was standing there reading a newspaper. 8. A plane carrying 360 passengers took off. 9. Bob ran three miles without stopping. 10. The police stopped everyone from leaving the bank. 11. The child came in crying. 12. Being unemployed, he has a lot of free time. 13. Taking a key out of her handbag, she opened the door. 14. The child fell asleep watching television. 15. Please forgive me for not writing to you. 16. Did you have any difficulty reading my writing? 17. Being a foreigner, you need a visa. 18. There is no point in buying this book.

76. Read aloud and translate the word phrases below:

1) building site, 2) sleeping boy, 3) sleeping bag, 4) whipping boy, 5) swimming match, 6) floating match, 7) dancing hall, 8) writing man, 9) writing desk, 10) listening man, 11) listening post, 12) dining student, 13) dining room, 14) smoking room, 15) washing machine, 16) answering machine, 17) sewing machine, 18) calculating machine, 19) reading glasses.

77. Give the translation of the following sentences.

1. Do you know the girl talking to Jim? 2. Can you hear someone singing? 3. We didn't know when to go shopping, each shop opening at a different time. 4. It was raining when I got up. 5. Not being able to understand English, the man didn't know what you said. 6. Is there anybody waiting to see me? 7. I've never seen her smoking. 8. The baby was lying on the bed crying. 9. The girl talking to John is American. 10. Mike is having a bath. 11. The bus drivers being on strike, many people had to get to work using other means of transportation. 12. I heard the bell ringing. 13. Who is that man standing near our house? 14. I've heard her playing the piano. 15. The man fell getting off the bus. 16. This time last year I was living in England. 17. We saw Nancy playing tennis. 18. There were some children swimming in the river. 19. The house being constructed poorly, it is repaired every year.

78. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the words ending by -ed.

1. I want this watch repaired. 2. Is that a four-legged animal? 3. You will soon see his published work. 4. John started school in 1980. 5. The living, the wounded, and the dead flew together in the same plane. 6. There was a truck full of wounded men. 7. Parliament was discussing the problem of the unemployed. 8. Yesterday he called three times. 9. He has called twice today. 10. Her brother is called Jim. 11. Called early, he ate a quick breakfast. 12. There came in a blonde-haired woman. 13. The discussion finished, we went home. 14. He came out of prison a changed man. 15. This substance, discovered almost by accident,

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has revolutionized medicine. 16. When questioned, she said she did not know the man.

79. Find the participles in the sentences below.

1. Hydrogen is the lightest element known. 2. The technique employed uses a single probe. 3. The quantity of electricity flowing is directly related to the amounts of material transformed at the electrodes. 4. Everything depends on the proportion of the two substances being distilled. 5. The complexity of the technique involved increased considerably. 6. The rate of a reaction depends on the specific nature of the substances involved. 7. Energy loss has been considered in Chapter II. The processes involved are ionizing collision and atomic excitations. 8. This half life is a characteristic only of the particular nucleus concerned. 9. None of the authors concerned had based his experiment on the method discussed.

80. Analyze the tables below.

PARTICIPLE CONSTRUCTIONS

PARTICIPLE CONSTRUCTION

BEFORE THE WORD IT IS REFERRED TO

Reading this book the student found Читая эту книгу, студент обнаруout many interesting things. жил много интересного.

Having made the measurements the Проведя измерения, эксперимента- experimenter then processed the data. тор затем обработал данные.

PARTICIPLE CONSTRUCTION

AFTER THE WORD IT IS REFERRED TO

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COMPLEX SUBJECT

They were seen leaving the station. Видели, как они уходили со станции.

The class of regulators can be Можно сказать, что этот класс ре- thought of as composed of three гуляторов состоит из трех частей. parts.

Remarks (which were) considered Замечания, которые, как считалось, as being wrong are in fact correct. были ошибочными, на деле оказыва-

ются правильными.

ABSOLUTE PARTICIPLE CONSTRUCTION

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"PARTICIPLE I + AS IT DOES (DID)" or "PARTICIPLE II + AS IT IS (WAS)"

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81. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Participle.

1. Coming events cast their shadows before them. 2. What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies (Aristotle). 3. Another factor influencing the level of

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detail (степень детализации) is the progress reporting requirements. 4. Using the energy of the atom, we produce electric energy at atomic power plants. 5. The empirical evidence is lacking here. 6. This requirement is not restricting, however. 7. The linking of the molecules is much more flexible, consisting of ad hoc bilateral or multilateral interfaces. 8. It is quite possible that goodness, being a property of a man, is not conditioned by nature. 9. At 210° nitro-diphenyl is formed, indicating that phenyl elimination (выгорание) does take place at this temperature. 10. Electronic computers perform both arithmetic and logical operations, making it possible to control the process under rather complicated conditions. 11. System design progresses through several stages, becoming more detailed in each stage. 12. Growing science accumulates examples of quantitative relations. 13. The yield (выход) was 12% of the dried wood, varying with the amount of hydrochloric acid (соляная кислота) used. 14. When being pure, water is a colourless liquid. 15. This tube is very similar to others, save being a bit wider. 16. Considering the limited scope of the method, it has yet been used by comparatively few workers. 17. The syntax and semantics of these languages are very sophisticated, making the translation to machine language a complex process. 18. The chemical and physical properties of these dimers (димер) are being studied. 19. Sometimes such experiments, even if performed only in the imagination, are convincing even to mathematicians. 20. Strictly speaking, this finding (полученные данные) means that this hypothesis cannot be rejected.

82. Explain the usage of particle forms.

1. This procedure was dropped, having given low yield of end products. 2. Algol is a system being developed and intended to become a universal programming language. 3. The compound being treated for several hours turned dark red. 4. The experiment having been made, everybody was interested in the results. 5. The approach being based on mathematical methods is concerned with structural considerations. 6. Having introduced a purely mathematical definition of a system, let us now make precise (точный) another intuitive concept — that of a process. 7. Having been employed abundantly (широко) in many industrial processes electronic computers show a notable example of progress contributing to the development of industry. 8. Having taken everything into consideration he decided not to go there.

83. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Секретарь отправил подписанные директором письма. 2. Мы внимательно прочли присланную Ивановым статью. 3. Мы удовлетворены качеством представленных образцов. 4. Сообщите нам, когда вы намерены поставить заказанные товары. 5. В этом кабинете есть несколько сломанных компьютеров. 6. К сожалению, предложенный товар не удовлетворяет нашим требованиям. 7. Он показал нам фотографию здания музея. 8. Разбитый стакан

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лежал на столе. 9. Все полученные товары были немедленно отправлены на склад. 10. Платеж за поставленные машины будет произведен в июне. 11. Он принес мне несколько иллюстрированных журналов. 12. Мы послали каталоги по указанному адресу. 13. Его неожиданный ответ удивил нас всех. 14. В настоящее время мы имеем очень ограниченное количество этих деталей на складе.

84.How is the Absolute Participle Construction formed? Give the translation of the following sentences.

1.My task having been finished, I went home. 2. John being away, Peter had to do his work. 3. It being very cold, they made a fire. 4. It being very stormy, they stayed at home. 5. All this having been settled, he went home. 6. The preparations being completed, they began to climb up the mountain. 7. The moon being bright, everything was clearly visible. 8. Our petrol being exhausted, we could go no further. 9. The game having ended, the crowd went home. 10. It was dark, the sun having set an hour before. 11. The performance being over, everyone went away. 12. Nobody being there, I went away. 13. My father having taken the key, I could not enter the house. 14. The negotiations between the American and British representatives were conducted behind closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information. 15. Dinner being over, we went into the garden. 16. At last the excitement died down, the captain having assured the passengers, that there was no longer the slightest danger. 17. The letter having been delayed, the news reached us too late. 18. The key having been lost, they could not enter the cottage. 19. The weather being fine, all the windows were opened. 20. The film being very popular, it was difficult to get tickets.

85.Find the Past Participle. What is its function in the sentence?

1. Danger foreseen is half avoided. 2. One cannot shut one's eyes to things not seen with eyes (Ch. Morgan). 3. The results obtained disagreed with earlier data. 4. Statements, in turn, are strings of symbols from a given alphabet, composed of letters, digits and special characters. 5. The set of basic operations provided is not, in general, suited to the execution of commonly needed procedures. 6. The strategies available in the dynamic situation are complicated functions of information received and actions undertaken in the preceding stages. 7. It was a standpoint shared by many philosophers. 8. Syntax is another major difference, as indicated in the proceeding paragraphs. 9. Ethics is concerned with moral duties of a man. 10. Nearly all the assembly line problems as documented in the literature were solved by this method. 11. Science accumulates examples foreseen and verified through practice. 12. A natural consequence of such behavior should be decreased time for problem solution. 13. Ethics is closely connected with feeling. 14. A "plist" is a list of column names in the order required en-

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closed in square brackets [ ]. 15. This expedition failed because undertaken in winter. 16. Thus influenced, the author yielded. 17. That lesson, once learned, was never forgotten. 18. Logicians are concerned with inductive logic. 19. The only evidence (we can have) consists of the reports yet unpublished. 20. When properly carried out, microwave determination of depole moment should be of considerable reliability. 21. The model suggested described adequately the thermodynamic peculiarities studied by Dr. D. 22. The child lacks the experience required for practical action. 23. Once designed and if designed properly a relational database is very flexible. 24. The difficulties posed by this problem are generally recognized. 25. Stated bluntly, a different set could be selected for this purpose. 26. The basic solvent used prevented lactone information. 27. We also discuss experiments connected with some related questions.

86.Work in two groups. What participle constructions are there in the text? Translate the text.

When considered dynamically, the biosphere appears an arena of complex interactions among the essential natural cycles of its major constituents, with continuous fluxes of these constituents entering the biosphere, or being released by it. Once brought into being by evolution from an inorganic environment, the living matter has profoundly altered the primitive lifeless earth, gradually changing the composition of the atmosphere, the sea, and the top layers of the solid crust both on land and under the ocean. Since then, if one were to ascribe a single objective to evolution, it would be the perpetuation of life. This is the single end which the entire strategy of evolution is focused on, with evolution dividing the resources of any location, including its input of energy, among an ever increasing number of different kinds of users, which we recognize as plant and animal species.

87.Translate the sentences paying attention to the Complex Object with the Participle.

1.We have already mentioned this method as affording good results. 2. Bohr recognized the substance as having a condensed-ring system. 3. He conceived valence as being a property of atoms and to be a constant for each element. 4. We may think of this molecule as being just like one of benzene. 5. We know the small NH2 group as conjugated with the ring in durene. 6. Faraday never considered bodies as existing with nothing between them but distance, and acting on one another according to some function of that distance. 7. The caller can rely on the service promised by the statement as having been performed. 8. He regards this concept as being not a simple one. 9. We have the program debugged. 10. He had our research group presented at the last symposium. 11. He has got himself fooled. 12. I had others consider my opinion.

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