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Today painted or built-in pavement markings are one of the most helpful instruments for traffic direction and control. Stripes are employed to delineate roadway center lines, lane boundaries, no-passing zones, pavement edges, roadway transitions, and the approach of obstructions, streetcar clearances, turns, stop lines, crosswalks, railroad crossings, and parking-space limits. Symbols, words, or numbers convey pertinent information such as that about speed limits and the nearness of schools.

Most agencies employ specialized mechanical equipment and trained crews for pavement striping. Some units are capable of covering 60 to 70 miles per day. Hand painting by spray or brush is necessary in tight quarters. Paints are fast drying, but almost all states use signs or protective devices to prevent vehicles from tracking them. In 15 states, motorists crossing newly painted lines are subject to arrest. Normal service life of stripes is 6 to 9 months.

A variety of paint mixtures are employed for striping. Worthy of particular notice is the strong trend toward the inclusion of glass beads to increase night visibility. In 1950 more than half of paint applied was beaded.

12. а) Найдите в тексте 4 предложения, содержащие глаголы в форме страдательного залога. Переведите их, определите время, число, лицо глагола;

б) Перестройте данные предложения в Passive Voice, сохраняя время глагола.

1. A few agencies employ continuous lines. 2. Most agencies employ specialized mechanical equipment and trained crews for pavement striping. 3. Almost all states use signs or protective devices to prevent vehicles from tracking them. 4. In 15 states, motorists crossing newly painted lines are subject to arrest.

13. Прочитайте, переведите и прореферируйте текст о некоторых правилах дорожного движения в нашей стране.

1.A car driver must possess a driving licence and a registration card of a car.

2.It is forbidden to drive in the left-hand lane if the right-hand lane is free.

3.The driver is responsible for the condition of his car; and in particular the reliability of his brakes; the steering; the tyres and the lights and indicators on his car.

4.While driving in traffic, the driver must observe and strictly adhere to road signs, signals and traffic lights.

5.Before making a left or right turn, a complete turn; accelerating, stopping, or making any other maneuvers which may alter his position in the lane, the

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driver must give warnings; by signaling not less than 5 seconds before he starts the particular maneuver.

6.Horn signaling may be used only outside city limits.

7.The speed of the machine is regulated by the driver according to the condition of the road, visibility; intensity of traffic and the number of pedestrians. The speed limit in cities, towns and villages is 60 km/h.

8.At non-regulated crossings, the traffic on the main street has the right of way. At street or road junctions of equal importance, the car coming from the right has the right of way.

9.At any street junctions of equal importance trams have the right of way irrespective of their direction.

10.If the traffic light contains additional lights (except those passing the pedestrians), a turn may be made only when the signal of a green arrow lit up. While waiting for this signal, the car must wait at the “stop” line.

14.Расскажите о своей специальности (traffic regulation).

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PART IV

THE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINERY FACULTY

1. Прочитайте и выучите.

winch – лебедка ripper – рыхлитель digger – экскаватор

revolving shovel – вращающийся экскаватор ditcher – экскаватор с обратной лопатой batcher – дозатор

spreader – разбрасыватель сыпучих материалов planner – ровнитель, планировщик

roller – каток

lock washer – замковая шайба lock wire – замковая проволока transmission case – коробка передач

drive gear case – ведущая шестерня коробки передач crank case – картер (коленчатого вала)

cotter pin – шплинт, разводная чека gasket – прокладка сальника impurity – грязь, примесь

utility – коммунальный linkage – сцепление

prevention – предупреждение, предотвращение resource inputs – сырьевые ресурсы

Составьте 3 предложения с новыми словами.

2.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What information about the transport technological machinery faculty did you get from the first text?

2.Is it interesting to study here?

3.What general-educational and specialized subjects do the students study?

4.What qualification will you get after graduation?

3.Обратите внимание на произношение следующих букв и буквосочетаний.

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4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

THE TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGICAL MACHINERY FACULTY

The students of this faculty are trained in the following qualifications: Construction Machinery, Road-making Machinery, Operations Management and Automation of Technological Processes. The students of the first two qualifications study the types and purposes of the machines, their structure, units and parts. They listen to the theoretical courses of lectures, fulfill lab works, and acquire practical experience in the workshops of the institute and in field conditions.

Each student should study the following types of machinery: transporting facilities (tractors and trucks); materials handling equipment (cranes, hoists, conveyers, winches, loading and unloading machines); earthmoving machines (bulldozers, scrapers, graders, rippers, diggers, revolving shovels, ditchers); stone-processing equipment (boring machines, pneumatic rock drills, stone crushers and mills, screens); machines for preparing, transporting and placing of concrete and asphalt-concrete mixes (mixers, batchers, pumps, spreaders, rollers); machines for motor-road maintenance and repair (planners, ditch cleaners, sweepers, water-trucks); pile driving machines, and repair of the machinery. Each operator should keep in mind that for a long period of use it is wise to have any machine in its best possible condition. It is considered that repairs are only made when occasion arises. The machinery will work properly if when making repairs you replace all locks, lock washers, lock wires, cotter pins and gaskets with new ones. Thereby a great deal of unnecessary work and trouble will be eliminated.

Besides, each operator should know how to prepare machinery for use. He should give the machine a detailed inspection to reveal defects, which have to be remedied before the machine is put into operation; then he fills the fuel tank, taking care that no dirt, water or other foreign substances are admitted with the fuel; then he fills the radiator with clear water, or with the proper anti-freeze compound if temperatures below freezing. Mind, that water without any impurities should be used; then he examines the oil level in the crank case, transmission case and final drive gear cases and if necessary supplies the deficiency.

The students of the faculty have the possibility to get acquainted with:

1) the service and management of technical maintenance of hoist-transporting and utility machines;

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2)complex mechanizations of road-construction works;

3)complex mechanizations and management of road-construction works;

4)automation of road-making and construction machines;

5)hoist-transporting machines, and

6)hydro-linkage of mechanization facilities.

5. Существительные, обозначающие профессии и занятия человека, образуются при помощи прибавления к глаголу или существительному суффиксов -r, -er, -or, -ist, -ian:

Manage – manager, farm – farmer, act – actor, type – typist, music – musician.

Образуйте подобные наименования из следующих слов, пользуясь словарем.

Drive, teach, physics, build, lecture, engine, inspect, art, politics.

6. Подберите к каждому слову подходящее определение.

7.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

1.(There be) several proliferations at our faculty.

2.Each student (to acquire) good theoretical and practical knowledge.

3.All road-making machinery (to divide) into several types.

4.Road-making machinery (to study) by the third-year students.

5.Knowing road-making machines (to constitute) the foundation of their speciality.

6.Each mechanics (to know) how to prepare the machine for use.

7.It is well know fact that the proper maintenance of machinery (to contribute) to the long period of its use.

8.When the need arises, engineer (to know) how to repair the machine.

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8.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What qualification do the students of your faculty acquire? 2. What specializations are given to the students of this faculty? 3. What is your specialization? Why did you choose it? 4. What types of machinery do you study? 5. What is it necessary to do for the proper service of machinery? 6. With what machinery do you prefer to work?

9.Прочитайте и переведите диалог о поломке машины, обращая внимание на специальные термины.

plug – свеча зажигания

gauge – измерительный прибор to charge – заряжать батареи to adjust – регулировать

–Donald, I know you are a driver of long standing. I would like you to have a look at my car.

–What’s wrong with your car?

–I don’t know yet. I can’t trace the fault.

–Let me have a look. When did you have your plugs checked?

–Three days ago. I thought I had run out of gas but the tank is half full.

–Have a look at the patrol gauge once more.

–All right. The tank is half full, as I have already said.

–The carburetor is in order. The engine is misfiring.

–So it is.

–I guess the battery has run down. It needs recharging.

–Too bad.

–Don’t get upset about it. It won’t take you long to have your battery recharged.

–Do you really think so?

–I am sure of it. The other day I went to the gas station to have the brakes adjusted. They did it in no time.

–Where is the gas station?

–It’s three miles south of the supermarket. Do you know the place?

–I think so. In my car the brakes are a bit slack. I hope they can easily be adjusted.

–I advise you to have the engine greased.

–I’ll follow your advice. Thank you, Donald.

–Don’t mention it, Paul. I’m very sorry I couldn’t help you.

–Well, you have helped me to trace the fault. I wish I had bought a new car…

–Well, this one is much cheaper. It hasn’t got too many miles on it. It’s practically new.

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–I must admit it runs smoothly. It was in good condition when I bought it.

–When was it?

–A year ago.

10.Составьте диалог о неисправностях машины, используя лексику из предыдущего диалога.

11.Выучите следующую специальную лексику. Найдите данные слова в текстах «Little squirt» и «Petrol power for Bosh and Ford», выпишите по 3 предложения с ними и переведите на русский язык.

injection – впрыск petrol – бензин

fuel delivery system – топливная система performance – характеристика combustion – сжигание

pressure – давление accuracy – точность

to generate – производить, вырабатывать stroke – такт (ход поршня), цикл engine – двигатель

torque – вращающий момент

fuel consumption – потребление топлива combustion chamber – камера сгорания spark – искра

pump – насос

12. Прочитайте текст и подготовьте его реферирование (см. приложение).

LITTLE SQUIRT

Delphi has unveiled the next-generation of its Multec common rail technology, which now uses a unique solenoid injector design to optimize fuel rate, spray shape and accuracy. The new system provides the smallest injection quantities, highest precision fuel delivery and, along with closed loop strategies, results best-in class emission and acoustics performance, claims Delphi.

It can deliver up to 5 injections per cycle, allowing high flexibility for combustion optimization. In addition, it is capable of 1,800 bar system pressure, although initial Euro 5 applications are at 1,600 bars.

Delphi has also introduced a unique, piezo-based injector that compared to current piezo common rail technologies is expected to generate a 25 – 30 per

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cent reduction in emission in its first implementation and possibly leading to better results with further combustion optimization.

This Piezotec injection system will help OEMs meet Euro 5 emissions regulations on heavier vehicles and stringent new US emissions regulations, claims Delphi. It can deliver up to 7 or more injection events per cycle with extremely high fuel quantity accuracy for pilot, main and post events. The design breakthrough allows dramatically reduced spacing between events, giving engine designers full freedom to shape the flow of fuel throughout the combustion stroke.

Delphi has several diesel technologies including catalysed particulate traps, oxidation catalysed and NOx traps. It is currently developing a combined diesel NOx and particulate trap.

13. Обратите внимание на перевод английских слов, близких по значению к русским.

Technology, unique, design, spray, system, strategy, to result, acoustics, cycle, diesel, oxidation, catalysed.

14. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Кратко передайте его содержание на английском языке.

PETROL POWER FOR BOSH AND FORD

Bosh has boldly claimed that its newly developed DI-Motronic petrol direct injection technology, which was showcased at this year’s Frankfurt Show, will lead the petrol fight back against ever-increasing diesel sales in Europe.

Already used in Ford’s Duratec SCi 1.8 litre engine that drives the Mondeo, the new technology – Bosh claims – ensures greater torque, higher performance and lower fuel consumption.

The all-aluminums, in-line 4-cylinder petrol engine makes use of a unique Smart Charge Injection feature that, when combined with Bosh’s direct fuel injection system, results in a fuel consumption saving of 8 per cent in normal driving conditions.

With the Smart Charge Injection feature, the Ford engine takes full advantage and cuts down on fuel consumption during the lean-burn phase of the operation that occurs when the car is idling or cruising at low engine speeds. Instead of filling the entire combustion chamber with fuel and air, it allows for a small cloud to be directed at the spark.

A variable single cylinder high-pressure pump in the engine further generates the required fuel injection pressure of up to 120 bars. Once the pressure level in the reservoir has reached the electrically specified setting, a control valve in the

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pump allows the excess fuel to be fed back into the low-pressure fuel circulation. Electro-magnetically controlled valves spray the fuel at exactly the desired moment directly into the combustion chambers.

Compared with an engine of the same capacity using throttle-body fuel injection, engine power increased by 4 per cent to 130 ps (96 k W), while torque output is enhanced by 10 per cent at lower engine speeds.

Bosh predicts a bright future for its DI-Motrinic technology, with the German tier one hoping for an annual sales goal of one million direct injection units by 2008.

15. Расскажите о своей специальности (road-making machinery engineering).

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PART V

V.1. THE HIGHWAY ENGINEERING FACULTY

1. Прочитайте и выучите.

subgrade – земляное полотно, основание дорог subbase – нижний слой покрытия

pavement – покрытие crushed stone – щебень

artificial – искусственный, готовый overpass – переход, путепровод retaining wall – подпорная стена portland cement – портландцемент cement concrete – цементобетон limestone – известняк

cinder – зола

patching –ямочный ремонт rut – борозда

corrugation – рифление, волнообразование

blading – обработка (выглаживание) дороги грейдером mowing – скашивание (травы)

right-of-way – полоса отвода дороги, полоса отчуждения deflection – прогиб

culvert – водопропускная труба

Составьте 3 предложения с новыми словами.

2. Какой звук слышится в конце каждого слова? Распределите слова в три столбика.

Thing, sink, plan, cleaning, thank, classification, think, corrugation, blading, sin, blank, thin, sing, following, operation, construction, tank, foundation, frank, building, link, mowing, common, interesting, tunneling, crank, keeping, deflection, clean.

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