687

4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

THE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT FACULTY

The students of this faculty are trained in the following qualifications: Automobile Transport, Electrical Equipment, Internal Combustion Engines, Cargo Transportation, Professional Education and Traffic Regulation.

The students of the first four qualifications study the structure of vehicles and their parts. Each motor vehicle consists of a number of units and parts: body chassis, steering system, engine, gearbox and electrical equipment. The students also study the parts of these units: different steering gears, brakes, bearings, tires, axles, springs, valves and lubrication system.

All these are studied both theoretically while, listening to the lectures, and practically in workshops of the academy. Besides, the students have practice at automobile enterprises and in field conditions. They are taught to drive cars and trucks. Each student should know not only the models of homemade automobiles but also those of foreign ones.

In order to train competent engineers, the latter are taught motor-car maintenance and operation and repair. The students also study various kinds of fuels and greases used in operation of vehicles. The graduates with these qualifications work at various motor-car enterprises, maintenance departs, service stations, vehicle repair shops as engineers, mechanics and technologists. Some graduates work as managers at motor–car enterprises therefore the students listen to the course of lectures on principles of organization, planning and management.

One cannot work successfully in sphere of transport without knowing the principles of organization of safety traffic. Traffic Regulation concerns with planning the direction and control of vehicular and pedestrian traffic on highways and streets. The traffic engineers also concern with traffic characteristics, regulations, traffic-control devices and environmental improvements.

The students of this qualification should know classification of motorways and streets, traffic rules, numerous types of intersections and junctions and road signs. The latter are divided into four groups: warning, prohibitory, directional and indicator signs. The students of this qualification are also acquainted with operation and maintenance of the motor vehicles and after graduating from the academy work as state traffic inspectors.

Professional Education is the speciality of future teachers, lecturers and scientists who will work in the sphere of higher education and train future automobile engineers. That’s why the students of this qualification should know all theoretical and practical subjects studied at this faculty very well.

20

5.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What qualifications are the students of the automobile transport faculty trained in?

2.What automobile parts do the students of the faculty study?

3.Where do the students have their lectures and practice?

4.What models of automobile should each student know?

5.What does traffic regulation concern with?

6.What groups are road signs divided into?

7.What profession can one get after graduating the automobile transport faculty?

8.Where do the graduates work after graduating from the academy?

6.Распределите слова в три столбика в зависимости от произношения окончания «ed».

Trained, stopped, studied, looked, divided, successed, acquainted, graduated, transported, booked, regulated, lined, shortened, planned, registered, dropped, slowed, translated.

7. Вставьте в предложения из текста пропущенные словосочетания.

Safety traffic, workshops of the academy, state traffic inspectors, homemade automobiles, the structure of vehicles, traffic engineers.

1.The students of the first qualification study ... and their parts.

2.All these are studied both theoretically while listening to the lectures and practically in... .

3.Each student should know not only the models of ... but also those of foreign ones.

4.One cannot work successfully in sphere of transport without knowing the principles of organization of....

5.The ... also concern with traffic characteristics, regulations, traffic-control devices and environmental improvements. 6. After graduating from the academy the students of the second qualification work as....

21

8.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму.

1.The automobile transport faculty (to train) the students in two qualifications.

2.Each motor vehicle (to divide) into a number of units and parts.

3.The structure of motor vehicle (to study) by the students in details.

4.Each motor vehicle (to consist) of steering gears, body, chassis, axles, wheels, brakes, springs and so on.

5.The students (to study) the structure of automobile both theoretically and practically.

6.Each student (to know) foreign and homemade models of automobile.

7.Besides, the students of the faculty (to study) motor-car maintenance and operation and repair.

8.After graduating from the academy the graduates (to offer) the work at various motor car enterprises.

9.The faculty (to train) also the specialists for traffic regulation.

10.It (to deal) with planning and control for traffic.

11.Traffic characteristics, regulations and traffic-control devices (to teach) at the faculty.

12.Knowing classification of roads and streets, traffic rules and road signs (to connect) with the qualification.

13.(there be) different types of road signs.

14.The students of this qualification also (to concern) with operation and maintenance of motor vehicles.

9.Прочитайте и кратко перескажите истории, используя план реферирования (см. приложение). Обратите внимание на незнакомые слова.

lane – полоса движения reverse – обратный ход polite – вежливый

offence – нарушение, проступок to commit – совершить что-либо rate – тариф, расценка

licence – лицензия, водительские права

1. Two drivers

Two motorcars met in a very narrow lane in London. Neither of the drivers wanted to reverse and clear the road. The driver of the first car took out the

22

newspaper “Times” and began reading. In an hour the second driver asked politely: “When you finish reading, won’t you give the newspaper to me? “

2. They will have to go in reverse

It is suggested that a speed limit for a motorist should be reduced for every offence he commits. Then some drivers would soon have to go in reverse.

3. Much more difficult

A famous doctor was protesting to the owner of a garage about the large sum of money he had to pay for repairs to his car. “All this for a couple of hours’ work”, he exclaimed. “Why your people are paid at a higher rate then we are”. “Well, you see; replied the garage man; “you’ve been working on the same model since the beginning of time; but we have to learn all about a new model every year.”

4. She has no licence

“Have you got the licence?” asked the police patrol driver.

“Don’t be funny, officer.” Said the woman-motorist who had just hit a lamppost. “Who would give me a licence for the way I drive? “

5. Wasn’t she afraid?

The old lady was going to take a taxi. “Driver,” she said, “I want you to take me to the station.” “Yes, madam”, said the driver. “And you must drive slowly and carefully. Don't go until the policeman lowers his arm, and, please, don't rush round the corners as the road is very wet.” The driver was getting angry. “All right, madam,” he said. “But if we do have an accident, what hospital would you like to be taken to?”

10. Найдите в текстах автомобильные термины и приведите их русские эквиваленты. Переведите тексты. Обратите внимание на незнакомые слова.

23

1. A nation of auto lovers

We are a nation of auto lovers. We know all about cars. If you don't believe it stop your car in a city street. Two fellows will get out of a truck and lift your hood. The first will say: “What do you think, Bill?” “I don't know,” the other will answer, “what do you think?”

Another fellow will advise you to try stopping on the starter. The next fellow will carefully examine the fenders and want to know if you have gas.

Another truck will stop. The driver will step down, wipe your windshield and lights and ask if you’d like a push.

Then a policeman will appear and advise you to “get your car out of there.” Then he will pound all the tires with his club. The engine; which was flooded, will immediately start, and you will say a grateful goodbye to all the happy mechanics.

2. Road safety

Every year several thousand people are killed on the roads in Great Britain. These people are injured in road accidents; mainly they are knocker down at the junctions. Accidents are often caused by carelessness in respect to the road signs. Mind, that the road safety mainly depends on obeying the traffic rules.

3. If the driver is tired

The French engineer Jan Guebelen has invented a new device for drivers. The “signalizer” registers the physical state of the driver tiredness, nervousness and use of strong drinks. The device in the form of a bracelet worn on the hand is connected to the intensifier mounted on the control board of the cars; its signals put in action the servoengine which controls feeding of fuel to the carburetor, thus reducing the speed or bringing the car to a full stop.

If the driver is tired a bell is sounded to make him stop the car. In case he does not do it the car will stop by itself. It will not start until the driver has rested. If the driver is drunk, the bracelet will not “allow” him to start the car. A very useful device, especially, if we take into consideration the number of accidents on the roads caused by drivers being tired or drunk.

11. Расскажите о своей специальности (automobile engineering).

24

III.2. TRAFFIC REGULATION

1.Прочитайте и выучите.

vehicular traffic – движение транспорта pedestrian traffic – пешеходное движение pavement markings – разметка на покрытии (дорог) traffic markers – дорожные указатели

sign – знак

arterial route – магистральная дорога

one-way street – улица с односторонним движением assign – назначать, поручать

traffic volume – интенсивность движения

hourly pattern – часовой расчет интенсивности движения ordinance – постановление

right-of-way – полоса отвода дороги

off-centre lane – центральная разделительная полоса

Составьте 3 предложения с новыми словами.

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

TRAFFIC REGULATION

Traffic engineering deals with the direction and control of vehicular and pedestrian traffic on existing highways and streets. Thus it is concerned with the planning, design, and operation of all devices that aid the flow of traffic. Among these are pavement markings, traffic markers, signs, and traffic signals. Traffic engineering also deals with means for improving the efficiency of the existing system by the designation of arterial routes and one-way streets, and by controlling the use of these and other facilities. The integration of street and highway lighting into the over-all highway plan generally is considered a traffic engineering responsibility too. Interwoven into all the functions is accident reduction; and traffic engineers usually are assigned the responsibility for accident records and statistics. Parking likewise falls within the province of the traffic engineer because of the impact that parking problems have on street and highway operation.

The scope of aspects the traffic engineer deals with: traffic characteristics, traffic regulations, traffic-control devices, and environmental improvements. Traffic characteristics include such aspects as: physical factors, traffic volume, volume counting, speed characteristics, traffic stream flows, accidents, vehicular limitations and human characteristics.

25

As for traffic volume, the traffic engineer must be acquainted with some volume characteristics: hourly pattern, day-of-week variation, classification of vehicles, trends in volumes and the methods of volume counting. Traffic regulations cover traffic laws and ordinances, various types of traffic controls: speed control and curb-parking control. Traffic-control devices consist of traffic signs, markings, signals, islands and street and highway lighting.

Traffic regulations contribute to safety and decrease accidents. A most favourable effect on efficiency and the incidence of traffic accidents is dual highway. A dual highway separates opposite-direction traffic by a median divider. The separation of opposite-direction traffic by a median reduces the possibility of head-on collisions and sideswipe accidents. The width of the dual highway is varied for reasons of topography. Of necessity, the dual highway has not less than four traffic lanes. This number is efficient for traffic safety, because the driver has only one car alongside to watch.

Although the traffic engineer is concerned primarily with the traffic regulation and control, he must take into account the roadway elements, because sometimes, traffic-engineering functions are expanded to deal with problems in geometric design and highway planning.

3. Распределите слова в три столбика в зависимости от произношения окончания «s» («es»).

Drives, watches, goes, looks, studies, talks, listens, builds, works, consists, regulates, falls, deals, takes.

4.Закончите предложения.

1.Traffic engineering deals with …

2.It is concerned with …

3.Interwoven into all the functions is …

4.Traffic engineering usually are assigned …

5.Traffic characteristics include …

6.Traffic engineer must be acquainted with some volume characteristics …

7.Traffic regulations cover various types of traffic controls …

8.Traffic-control devices consist of …

9.Traffic regulations contribute to …

10.Traffic engineer must take into account …

26

5. Подберите к английским словосочетаниям соответствующий русский перевод.

6.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What does traffic engineering deal with? 2. What is traffic engineers assigned? 3. What falls within the province of the traffic engineer? 4. What do traffic characteristics include? 5. What are traffic volume characteristics? 6. What do traffic regulations cover? 7. What does traffic engineer supervise? 8. What do traffic-control devices consist of? 9. What is the role of traffic regulation? 10. What must every traffic engineer take into account?

7.Определите лишнее слово в каждой цепочке, используя информацию из текста.

-planning, design, operation, cleaning of all devices that aid the flow of traffic;

-physical factors, traffic volume, speed characteristics, traffic stream flows, automobile characteristics, accidents, vehicular limitations, human characteristics;

-hourly pattern, day-of-week variation, parking problems, classification of vehicles, trends in volumes, the methods of volume counting;

-traffic laws and ordinances, speed control, traffic signs, curb-parking control.

8.Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1.Организация дорожного движения – важная часть дорожного строительства.

2.Правильная установка дорожных знаков и разметок способствует безопасности движения.

3.В зависимости от функции дорожные знаки делятся на предупреждающие, запрещающие, направляющие и указывающие.

27

4.Правильное проектирование дороги также способствует снижению несчастных случаев.

5.Дорожные знаки и указатели очень важны на дорогах с интенсивным движением.

6.Важная функция разметок – направлять потоки движения.

9.Прочитайте текст, составьте его план и кратко передайте его содержание, пользуясь планом реферирования текста (см. приложение).

SAFETY POLICY

The continuing acquisition and analysis of accident statistics confirm great need to reduce accidents. A potential overall reduction is possible with road environment features: improvements at road junctions and intersections provide major opportunities for accident savings. On current sections the use of rumble strips and edgelining seems to improve driver’s behaviour. A check on driving in foggy conditions shows that drivers reduce speed but not down to that indicated to them on signs.

To study drivers’ behaviour in fog in relation to vehicle speed and visibility, equipment was installed on a duel 3-lane motorway during the winter which photographed vehicles from the rear and recorded their speed. A fog detector was used to switch on the equipment when the visibility dropped below 200 m and all vehicles in a selected lane passing the equipment at more than 8km/h were then photographed.

The results show that drivers did not reduce speed a great deal until visibility dropped to 100-150 m. At 50 m visibility, although speeds were substantially lower, more than half the drivers were exceeding the speed at which they could stop within this visibility distance.

10. Прочитайте тексты и найдите автомобильные термины и фразы, связанные с организацией дорожного движения. Обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов.

phosphorescent – фосфоресцирующий, светящийся tape – лента, полоса, полоска

fair – ярмарка buckle – пряжка tag – ярлык lens – линза

dipped headlamp – фара ближнего света

28

Stepping to safety

Italian shoe manufactures have come up with new idea to give pedestrians more safety at night. Strips of phosphorescent tape are placed on the shoe bottoms to serve as safety reflectors. Every time a walker picks up a foot to step forward, his sole will grow in the dark, giving drivers warning. The device will be introduced at the Shoe Fair at Vigevano, Italy, center of the Italian Shoemaking industry.

Safe bags

Life-saving bags for children are orange and have fluorescent buckles. Children also carry reflective tag to keep them safe on the roads in the dark. Little “lenses” on the surface of the tag reflect light from a vehicle’s headlamps back to the driver. With dipped headlamps a pedestrian with a tag is visible to a driver at 148 yards. Without a tag he is only visible at 29 yards, especially if he wears dark clothing.

11. Прочитайте и переведите текст об истории дорожной разметки. Обратите внимание на незнакомую лексику.

HISTORY OF ROAD MARKING

longitudinal – продольный

reputedly – как известно, как предполагается substantial – существенный, важный delineate – очерчивать

roadway transitions – переходы obstructions – затруднения, препятствия pertinent – уместный

inclusion – включение bead – капля, шарик, бусина

Among the earliest pavement markings was the longitudinal center stripe which reputedly appeared first in Wayne County, Michigan, in 1911. The most common design of the stripe has 15-ft dashes separated by 25-ft spaces. Other dash-space combinations range from 9-15 to 70-70. A few agencies employ continuous lines. Width of line usually is 4in., although 3-6-in. stripes appear. Colour generally is recommended white, but some agencies use yellow. Patterns and colour for pavement markings differ among highway agencies, but there is substantial progress toward uniformity.

29