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Федеральное агентство по образованию Сибирская государственная автомобильно-дорожная академия

(СибАДИ)

МОЯ АКАДЕМИЯ

Методические указания по английскому языку

Составитель М. А. Сидорова

Омск Издательство СибАДИ

2006

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УДК 811.111 ББК 81.432.1 М 54

Рецензент канд. филол. наук, проф. ОмГУ М.П.Одинцова

Работа одобрена редакционно-издательским советом академии в качестве методических указаний по английскому языку для студентов II курса всех специальностей.

Моя академия: Методические указания по английскому языку / Сост. М. А. Сидорова – Омск: Изд-во СибАДИ, 2006. – 81 с.

Методические указания содержат упражнения и тексты для студентов II курса всех специальностей. Тексты и упражнения способствуют знакомству с будущей специальностью студентов и направлены на развитие навыков профессионального говорения.

Библиогр.: 11 назв.

Составитель М. А. Сидорова, 2006

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PART I

HIGHER EDUCATION

1.Ответьте на вопросы.

1.What does the term “Higher education” mean?

2.What education institutions are there in Russia?

3.What academy do you study at?

4.What other educational institutions are there in your region?

5.What faculty do you study at?

6.Why is higher education so important?

2.Прочитайте и выучите.

compulsory – обязательный

vocational school – профессиональное учебное заведение high school – среднее учебное заведение

higher education institution – высшее учебное заведение (вуз) range – ряд, набор

comrehensive curriculum – всесторонний учебный план general-educational subjects – общеобразовательные предметы specialized subjects – специальные предметы

academic year – учебный год

extra-mural department – заочное отделение opportunity – возможность

free of charge – бесплатный benefits – достоинство, выгода

to get scholarship – получать стипендию graduate – выпускник вуза post-graduate courses – аспирантура

Составьте 3 предложения с новыми словами.

3. Обратите внимание на произношение следующих букв и буквосочетаний.

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4. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA

Higher education in Russia is not compulsory. After leaving secondary school young people enter vocational schools, high schools or higher education institutions. The latter include institutes, academies and universities. As a rule, studying at the institute is connected with one sphere of education: technical, medical, humanitarian, military or service. Universities usually offer wider range of specialities. Recently, the following system has been developed: institute – academy – university. That means that each establishment of higher education can change its status which depends on the quality of teaching staff and educational process as well as on the number of faculties and specialities.

Usually the course of study lasts 5 or 6 academic years (and from 3.5 to 6 academic years at the extra-mural department). Each academic year is divided into 2 terms, at the end of each term students take exams. If you have passed your entrance exams well, you’ve got an opportunity to study free of charge. Otherwise, you’ll have to pay for education.

Russian higher schools have a comprehensive curriculum, which includes general-educational and specialized subjects. Students attend lectures and fulfil lab works. At the end of study they take final exams and defend graduation projects.

Higher education in Russia still has some benefits. If you study hard, you can get scholarship and an institute organizes free holidays for its students. There are a lot of student clubs, students have celebrations, visit theatres, cinemas, concerts and take part in scientific conferences. Everybody has the opportunity to get a second education or continue their first, through post-graduate courses that are offered at higher education institutes.

5. Соотнесите вводные слова и союзы из предложений с их переводом. Составьте 3 предложения с любыми из этих слов.

1.As a rule, studying at the institute is connected with one sphere of education.

2.Recently, the following system has been developed: institute – academy

–university.

3.Each establishment of higher education can change its status which depends on the quality of teaching staff and educational process as well as on the number of faculties and specialities.

4.Usually the course of study lasts 5 or 6 academic years.

5.Higher education in Russia still has some benefits.

Впоследнее время; обычно; так же, как; все-таки; как правило.

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6.C какими фактами из текста “Higher education in Russia”

соотносятся следующие цифры? Прочитайте соответствующие отрывки из текста.

1)3.5 – 6. 2) 2. 3) 5 or 6.

7.Прочитайте текст и заполните таблицу о системе образования в разных странах.

HISTORY OF EDUCATION

As long as we live we continue to learn, and the education we receive when we are young helps us to continue learning. We are taught to read and write, and are taught many of the essential facts about, the world and shown how to sort them out so that later in life, we shall be able to find out things ourselves and not to ask other people.

The first teachers were fathers and mothers, but very early in the history of man children began to be taught by people other than their fathers and mothers. It is thought that schools first started in Egypt 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, and that it was the invention of writing which made them necessary. Reading and writing were quite different from the skills used in everyday life, and writing made it possible to store up knowledge which grew with each generation. Specially trained people were therefore needed to teach it.

Only the sons of nobles attended the first Egyptian schools, which taught reading, physical education and good behaviour. In ancient India the priestly caste decided what should be taught to each of the four castes, or groups, into which people were divided. Only thepriestly caste was allowed to learn the Hindu, scriptures. In China, until the 19th century, education was organized according to social classes, and consisted largely of learning the scriptures by heart.

A clear example of the way in which even neighboring peoples produce different types of education comes from ancient Greece. Sparta and Athens were two Greek states. The Spartans, hard and warlike people, gave a purely military education to their children. At the age of seven all boys of noble families were taken from their homes arid sent to live in schools. They were kept under a very strict discipline and were taught hunting, military scouting, swimming and the use of weapons. The Spartans despised literature, and some people think they could not even read. At the very .game time, also for the nobles only, the building what we call a liberal education4- one that helps a man to all sides of his nature, helps him to make and appreciate beautiful things and helps him to, find the best way of life. They thought it important to educate the

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body as well as the mind, and had a programme of physical, training which consisted of running, jumping, wrestling and throwing the discus. As time went on Athenian education paid special attention to reading, writing and literature and these were taught by a special teacher, known as the "grammatist". Common people were not educated; they were trained in craftsmanship, workmanship, trades.

Greek philosophers, or thinkers, always discussed what education should try to do and what it should include. Plato wrote a book called The Republic, which is one of the best books ever written on education, and since those days Greek ideas have influenced European education, especially secondary and university education.

The Romans were very good at organizing, and they were the first people to have schools run by the government free of charge. Throughout their great empire there was a network of these schools which provided for three stages of education.

At six or seven all boys (and some girls) went to the primary school, where they learned "three R's": reading, writing, and arithmetic. Most children were not taught more than this, but at 12 or 1-3, boys of the rich families went on to the "grammar" school to study the Greek and Latin languages and literatures, that is, what had been written in those languages. At 16, young nobles who wanted to enter politics or the service of their country went to the schools of rhetoric to be trained in rhetoric, or public.

In Great Britain the first teachers we read about were craftsmen. They taught children to read, write and count, to cook and mend their own shoes. In the early 19thcentury the main system of teaching was the "Monitor" system. The teacher could manage a class of 100 or more by using older pupils or "monitors" to help him. The schools had long desks which were sometimes arranged in tiers so that the teacher could see every child in a large class.

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9. Перескажите текст, пользуясь планом реферирования (см. приложение). Обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов.

a definition – определение to list – перечислять according to – согласно to grant – присуждать

a division – отделение

recreational – предназначенный для отдыха и развлечения facilities – условия, возможности

a teaching assistant – доцент competitive – конкурсный to accept – принимать

to apply – подавать заявление о приеме an applicant – абитуриент

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A COLLEGE AND A UNIVERSITY

This is a difficult question because there is more than one correct answer. In fact, there are 3 definitions for the word 'college' (as it refers to a college in the USA) listed in the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.

According to the dictionary, a college is:

a)a school of higher learning that grants a bachelor's degree in arts or sciences orboth;

b)an undergraduate division of a university that offers courses and grants undergraduate degrees ina particular field of study; or

c)a technical or professional school that grants a bachelor's or master's degree in that field.

A university is a school of higher learning that grants a bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctorate through different colleges within the university.

Many international students ask if a university is better than a college. The answer is that a university has advantages and disadvantages for an international student, and a college has advantages and disadvantages too.

The advantages of a university are that there are usually more research and recreational facilities, and more different kinds of courses offered. The disadvantages of a university are that courses taught to first-year students are often taught by teaching assistants who are graduate students themselves, and that the classes can be very large.

All colleges and universities in the USA are divided into:

–most competitive (admit only fewer than one third of those who apply);

–highly competitive;

–very competitive;

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–competitive;

–less competitive;

–noncompetitive (accept all their applicants).

Colleges

BA = Bachelor of Arts, BS = Bachelor of Science, MA = Master of Arts, MS = Master of Science, PhD = Doctorate (Professor), MD = Doctor, DDS = Dentist, JD = Lawyer.

10. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

SOME ASPECTS OF BRITISH UNIVERSITY LIFE

Of the full-time students now attending English Universities three quarters are men, and one quarter women. Nearly half of them are engaged in the study of arts subjects such as history, languages, economics or law, the others are studying pure or applied sciences such as medicine, dentistry, technology, or agriculture.

The University of London, for instance, includes internal and external students, the latter coming to London only to sit for their examinations. Actually most external students at London University are living in London. The colleges in the University of London are essentially teaching institutions, providing instruction chiefly by means of lectures, which are attended mainly by day students. The colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, however, are essentially residential institutions and they mainly use a tutorial method which brings the tutor into close and personal contact with the student. These colleges, being residential, are necessarily far smaller than most of the colleges of the University of London.

Education of University standard is also given in other institutions such as colleges of technology and agricultural colleges, which prepare their students for degrees or diplomas in their own fields.

The three terms into which the British University year is divided are roughly eight to ten weeks. Each term is crowded with activity and the

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vacations between the terms - a month at Christmas, a month at Easter, and three or four months in summer - are mainly periods of intellectual digestion and private study.

A person studying for a degree at a British University is called a graduate. B.A. or B.Sc. stands for Bachelor of Arts, or of Science, the firs degree. M.A. or M.Sc. denotes Master of Arts, or of Science. One can become a B.A. after three years of hard study, and an M.A. at the end of five years.

11.Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1.What is the percentage of men and women students in British universities? Of students studying arts subjects and sciences?

2.What is a graduate?

3.Whatisthedurationoftermsandvacations ina Britishuniversity?

4. What do the abbreviations B.A., B.Sc., M.A. and M.Sc. stand for? When can these degrees be received by a student?

12.Составьте диалог по следующим темам.

1.Explain why, in your opinion, women constitute only one-quarter of fulltime students in Great Britain.

2.Discuss differences insystems ofeducationprovidedbyLondonUniversity and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

13.Прочитайте текст, обращая внимание на перевод следующих слов.

the May Balls - Майский бал relaxation – отдых, расслабление

undergraduate – cтудент (обычно старших курсов) spirit of release – духсвободы

race – гонки, соревнования

skill– мастерство, умение, сноровка festivity – празднества, торжества climax– кульминация

to glide – скользить punt – лодка

MAY WEEK AT CAMBRIDGE

The most interesting time of year in which to visit Cambridge is during May Week. This is neither in May nor a week. For some reasons which nobody remembers, May Week is the name given to the first two weeks in June, the very end of the University year.

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