Arakin_1_kurs

XXIII. Think of situations using the following words and word combinations:

a)to take an exam (exams); to get a mark; to enter an institute; to take part in; not to make mistakes; to be lucky;

b)to get rid of; to be good at; to make a report on; they say.

XXIV. Make up sentences using the following word combinations:

to be angry with; to take part in; to give a mark; to get a mark in (a subject); to make progress; to be good at; to be lucky; to join smth.; to find out; to make up one's mind; to make mistakes; to do homework (lab work); to go in for; to take an exam in (a subject); to pass the exam; to get rid of; to be proud of; one can't help doing smth.; to master the language.

XXV. Think of stimulating phrases to which the following sentences are the replies. Work in pairs:

1. You are lucky. 2. Certainly. 3. Sure. 4. I hope to: 5. Willingly. 6. Rather. 7. Pardon! 8. All right. 9. It's high time to do it. 10. Nothing of the kind. 11. Never mind. 12. I should like to. 13. You don't say so. 14. Sorry. 15. It's out of the guestion. 16. No more, thank you. 17. Here you are. 18. I'm afraid, I am (was, did, have). 19. Just a moment. 20. I believe so. 21. So did (have, was, am) I. 22. Neither did (was, have, am) I. 23. How clever you are. 24. No at all.

XXVI. Respond to the following sentences:

1. Will you come to our party? 2 Is it late to go downstairs to the laboratory? 3. Have some more coffee, will you? 4. I am so thankful to you, you have helped me a lot. 5. It's so cold today. 6. Let's go to the museum together. 7. You don't know our new secretary, do you? 8. I've already invited their parents to our party. 9. I should like to join our English choir. 10. She is very good at swimming. 11. I find it rather difficult to study a foreign language. 12. Will you go to the Caucasus in summer? 13. We are going to have a test in oral practice this week. 14. He has passed his exam in Chemistry and got an excellent mark. 15. The girl has failed at her exam, you know. 16. Would you like to go to the skating-rink tonight? 17. He is very good at skating. 18. Will you put my fountain-pen right? 19. Will you turn off the tap? The bath is full of water. 20. Shall I turn on the radio? I should like to listen to the news. 21. I'm so sorry. I can't get this book. 22. It's so stuffy here. You should air the room. 23. How could you say such a thing?

XXVII. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. . .

, . , . 2.

1982 . , , . 3. -

. 4. . 5. , 10

. 6. .

? , . 7. ? 8. , . 9. ,

. 10. . 11. ,

, . 12. . . 13. , , .

3 , 7 8 . 14. .

. , . 15.

. 16. ,

. 17. ,

. 18. ? - . 19.

. 20. . . 21.

. ,

.

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XXVIII. Retell the following jokes, use indirect speech:

2.P r o f e s s o r : Can you tell me anything about the great scientists of the 17th century? S t u d e n t : They are all dead, sir.

3.F r i e n d : And what is your son going to be when he's passed his final exam?

F a t h e r : An old man.

4. Two men were talking in a train.

"Are you going to Milberry's lecture today?" said one. "Oh, yes, I am," replied the other.

"Take my advice and don't. I hear he is a very poor lecturer." "I am afraid, I must go," said the other. "I'm Milberry."

5. During a lecture a well-known lecturer on economics mentioned the fact that in some parts of the world the number of men was larger than that of women, and he added humorously:

"I can therefore recommend the ladies to emigrate to that part of the world."

A young lady who was sitting in one of the last rows stood up full of anger. She was leaving the room rather noisily, when the lecturer remarked.

"I don't mean that it must be done in such a hurry as that."

XXIX. a) Read the following text. Explain the usage of tenses in it. b) Render the text in indirect speech. c) Make up short bits of conversation on the analogy of those given below:

The Brown Family at Breakfast

Part I

A r t h u r : Has the post come yet, Robert?

R o b e r t : Yes. There were only two letters, one for you and mother, and one for me. E i l e e n : Nothing for me?

R : Of course not.

E : Why'of course not'?

R : Well, you never write to anyone. You've never written a letter in your life. E : I have.

R : You haven't.

J a n e : Now you two, stop arguing and get on with your breakfast.

Part II

A : Who was our letter from, Jane?

J: Edith. Here it is.

A : Have you read it?

J: Yes.

A: Well just tell me what she says.

J: Don't you want to read it?

A: I've left my glasses upstairs. Have they moved yet?

J: Yes. They moved last Tuesday.

A: How do they like the new house?

J: They love it.

A: Good.

J: They've bought one or two new pieces of furniture.

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A: Have they got rid of that awful old sofa?

J: Yes. And they've bought some new chairs for the kitchen.

Part III

A: Have they started on the garden?

J: Oh, yes. They started on that weeks ago, I suppose. They've done the front garden. They haven't touched the back at all.

A: Well, at least they've made a start.

J: They've been very lucky with their neighbours. A: In what way have they been lucky?

J: Well, they were very kind on the day Anne moved. A: What did they do?

J: Sarah (that's the wife's name) looked after the two boys the whole day...

A: How nice of her!

J: And Tom (that's the husband) helped Peter to lay the carpets. A: Hm, hm.

J: He's even offered to help Peter with the garden.

XXX. Listen to the text carefully. Pick out words and word combinations pertaining to the topic "Your Studies". Get ready to ask your fellow-students questions on the text. Retell the text.

XXXI. a) Watch Film Segment Three "Buying a Textbooks" for general content. b) Watch the film segment again to find English equivalents to the following:

( )?; ; ; ; ;

; ; .

) Answer your teacher's questions on the content of the film segment. d) Listen to the sound track recording of Segment Three. Say what happened in the bookshop.

XXXII. a) Make up a dialogue on the following situation:

You ask your friend what marks she got at the entrance exams and what subjects she studies at the University. You wonder how often she works in the laboratory and whether the work helps her to correct her pronunciation. You'd also like to know if she takes part in the work of the English club and what kind of work she does there.

b) Suggest a situation for your fellow-students to make up a dialogue on it. XXXIII. Describe situations illustrating the following proverbs:

1.All is well that ends well.

2.It is never late to learn.

3.Out of sight out of mind.

4.Where there's a will, there's a way.

XXXIV. Describe the procedure for telephoning.

XXXV. Imagine you are on the phone talking to a friend (asking for information) about 1) your studies; 2) your social activities.

XXXVI. Write a letter to a friend (to an English pen-friend, to your former English teacher) about your studies. Mind the layout of the letter.

Laboratory work

I. a) Repeat the sentences after the tape. b) Make them interrogative and negative.

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II. a) Answer the questions in the intervals. b) Listen to your record and correct the mistakes if you have any. III. Translate the words and word combinations into English. Spell and transcribe them.

IV. a) Translate the sentences into English using the given word combinations. b) Check your translation with the key.

V. Use the sentences in indirect speech. Make all the necessary changes.

VI. Listen to the disjunctive questions. They are not true to fact. Correct them

Lesson Fifteen

Study the following

T a b l e N o . 1

The future indefinite tense

T a b l e N o . 2

The future continuous tense

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T a b l e N o . 3

To be able in the future indefinite tense

T a b l e N o . 4

To have + infinitive in the future indefinite tense

T a b l e N o . 5

Adverbial clauses of time and condition

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Grammar exercises

I. Study Substitution Tables No. 1-5 and compose as many sentences as you can.

II. Change each of these sentences using the Future Continuous:

1. At 10 o'clock he was still working at the laboratory. 2. My friend was preparing for her written test when I came. 3. Were you waiting for me at the station at 8 o'clock in the morning? 4. Was his friend giving a lesson at 5 o'clock? 5. My nephew was repairing our vacuum-cleaner at 7. 6. My uncle was listening'to the news when I went to bed. 7. My aunt was knitting the whole morning.

III. Write questions to the parts of the sentences in bold type:

1. He will begin his lectures next month. 2. My brother will go to India for six months. 3. My sister will go to the South because of her child's illness. 4. It will take me 20 minutes to get to her house. 5. I shall be waiting for you at the station. 6. It will take two years to build this theatre. 7. It was snowing hard when I got up this morning. 8. I shall be able to translate this article next week. 9. He will see her at 9 o'clock tomorrow. 10. I shall get up tomorrow at 6 o'clock. 11. He will stay in the country for two months. 12. I shall be able to go to the canteen after the lesson. 13. I shall have to repair my aunt's iron tomorrow. 14. I shall be having dinner soon.

IV. Use the correct form of the verb in the adverbial clauses of time and condition:

1. If you (to translate) this article into Russian, I shall use it in my report. 2. If she (to be) in Moscow now, she will meet you. 3. If you don't (to hurry), you will miss the train. 4. If it (to rain), we shan't go to the country. 5. When my friend (to come) to Moscow we shall go to the Bolshoi Theatre. 6. What will you be doing when he (to come) to your place? 7. Don't forget to pay for your dinner before you (to leave) the canteen. 8. I shall be able to translate this article if you (to give) me a dictionary. 9. You will have to work hard at the laboratory if you (to miss) the lesson. 10. Where will you go when you (to come) to Moscow? 11. You will lay the table as soon as Mary (to wash) the dishes. 12. I shan't have dinner before mother (to come) home.

V. Use the following sentences in indirect speech. Make other necessary changes:

1. He says: "I am sure she will come in time." 2. She says: "I shall be able to read English newspapers without a dictionary in a year." 3. They say: "We shan't go to the Institute on Sunday." 4. Mr. Sandford says: "I shall have to pay much money for the house." 5. Peter says: "I'll be waiting for you at the station." 6. Mary says: "I'll be back soon." 7. She says: "What are you going to do when you come home?" 8. She says: "I hope I'll soon speak English as well as you do." 9. He says: "I am sure it will rain tomorrow." 10. They say: "We'll go for a walk if it is hot tomorrow." 11. She says: "I am busy today but I'll be much busier tomorrow." 12. Jane says: "I shall come earlier tomorrow." 13. John says: "I shan't be able to meet them tomorrow." 14. He says: "I'll come if I am free." 15. She says: "I'll go to the cinema in the evening if I am not very tired." 16. My mother says: "You'll be sleepy tomorrow if you don't go to bed at once." 17. My aunt says: "I shan't be thirsty if I have some grapes." 18. My mother says: "Don't serve dessert before I clear the table."

VI. Change the following sentences using the Past and Future Indefinite:

1. You must practise this text in the laboratory. 2. You must take your exam in English. 3. She can translate this article without a dictionary. 4. They can't meet them at the station. 5. The doctor must examine this child. 6. He must work systematically if he wants to know French well. 7. This child must spend more time out in the open air. 8. I can't recite this poem. 9. You must take part in this work. 10. He can t join the party, he is busy.

TEXT 1

Seasons and weather

When two Englishmen meet, their first words will he "How do you do?" or "How are you?" And after the

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reply "Very well, thank you: how are you?" the next remark is almost certain to be about the weather. "It's a lovely morning, isn't it?" or "Isn't it hot today?" and the other person will reply "Yes, it's wonderful weather we are having. I hope it will keep fine, it seems almost too good to last."

Or perhaps the day is dull, it is raining a little, the sky is grey, and everyone is wearing a mackintosh or carrying an umbrella. As the cars and buses go along the street, they splash the water and mud on the passersby.

Gradually it gets darker: a thick fog is spreading over London. The lamps are lit in the streets and in the shops and offices; cars and buses put on their lights and can only crawl along. As one friend bumps into another, he says, "Isn't it a beastly day?" - "Yes," replies the other, you can hardly see a yard in front of you."

Then comes winter. There has been a good fall of snow and a hard frost. It is just the day for a good country walk; let us have a tramp down the country lanes. The ground is like iron and rings under our feet, the frost sparkles on the branches, and icicles hang from the houses.

It is still freezing hard and the ponds are frozen over. There are crowds of people on them sliding and skating, and here is a merry group of schoolboys having a fight with snowballs. It is very pleasant while the frost lasts; the unpleasant time comes when the thaw begins.

A few months have passed and it is a beautiful spring day. The rain fell heavily last night, but now the soft white clouds are floating across the blue sky, and the sun is shining brightly. Raindrops and dewdrops shine on every small green leaf and every blade of young grass.

The farmer has ploughed his fields and the new corn is just beginning to appear above the ground. In a few months autumn and harvest time will come. When the corn has turned ripe and golden the farmer will reap it and put it in his barn.

(Abridged from "Modern English Course for Foreign Students" by Eckerseley)

TEXT 2

Dialogue

Weather talk

L e o n : Lovely day today, isn't it?

G e r g e : It is. There's hardly a cloud in the sky in fact.

L e o n : We'll have a heat wave, I fear. It must be 25 degrees in the shade. G e o r g e : It is very close today. Not a leaf is stirring.

L e o n : There's hardly a breath of air.

G e o r g e : By the way, I've just read the weather-forecast in my newspaper here. L e o n : What does it say?

G e o r g e : (reading) "Pressure will remain high to the southwest of the British Isles. There will be occasional rain or drizzle, but bright weather with a few scattered showers will spread to England and Wales."

L e o n : I fear a thunderstorm is coming.

G e o r g e : The sky is overcast and the sun is going in.

L e o n : It looks like rain. Actually it's beginning to rain. And I have left my umbrella at home. It never rains but it pours!

G e o r g e : Fortunately enough, I've got my folding umbrella with me. Let me put it up. L e o n : What a tremendous clap of thunder!

G e o r g e : And what a flash of lightning!

L e o n : But the English have a saying about the weather: If you don't like it now, just wait a bit. G e o r g e : Look! It's clearing up. The clouds are lifting.

L e o n : It has stopped raining. Look at this wonderful rainbow!

G e o r g e : Bright sunshine again. Now I know why English weather is something worth talking about.

(After "English by Radio")

Vocabulary notes

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keep (kept, kept) vt/i ; ( ); to keep fine, e. g. The weather kept fine.

dull adj ; Ant. bright

splash vt , ), . g. The driver splashed mud on the passers-by. fog n ; a thick fog ; foggy adj , e. g. It is foggy.

spread (spread, spread) vt/i , , e. g. A green valley spread before us; to spread over smth., e. g. The water spread over the floor.

light (up) (lit, lit/lighted) vt/i ), , e. g. The lamps are lit in the streets. Our houses are lighted by the electricity.

beastly adj , ; Syn. nasty; beast n , ; . animal hardly adv , , e. g. I could hardly understand her.

hard adv ; Syn. heavily, e. g. It is raining hard (heavily); hard adj , as a hard frost

frost n ; frosty adj ; freeze (froze, frozen) vt , ; . g. It's freezing hard.

sparkle vi ; Syn. shine icicle n

slide (slid, slid) vi/t ;

thaw n

float vi/t ( , ), . g. A lot of red and green balloons floated in the air. harvest n , ;

degree n , e. g. We had 25 degrees above (below) zero yesterday. close adj , . g. Open the window. It's very close here. Syn. stuffy

breath n ; . , . g. At last we felt a breath of fresh air; breathe vt/i , . g. The child was breathing hard.

weather-forecast n

remain vi , . g. In England the fields and the parks remain green even in winter; Syn. stay drizzle n , ; drizzle vi, e. g. It's drizzling.

thunderstorm n ; thunder n ; a clap of thunder

overcast adj ; ( )

pour vt/i , ; , . g. It's pouring. . Pour yourself a cup of milk. fortunately adv ; Ant. unfortunately

tremendous adj , ; Syn. awful, terrible lightning n , e. g. A flash of lightning lit up the sky.

worth predic. adj , ; to be worth doing smth., e. g. It's not worth thinking about.

Topical vocabulary

season, to shine brightly; to be out-of-doors; to be in blossom (to be in bloom); flower-bed; to cycle; to boat; to fish; to go cycling (boating, fishing); to bathe, to swim; to lie in the sun; to play with a ball; to play tennis (football); to play a game of chess (tennis); to pick flowers, to pick (gather) berries and mushrooms; to travel by car; at the seaside; on the beach; on the bank of the river

to blow; to go skating; skating-rink; to toboggan; flakes of snow; sleet; sledge; slush; to get wet through; melt

Conversational phrases

Weather remarks: What a marvellous (shocking) day! It seems to be getting more settled (clearing up), doesn't it? It's very windy (mild, wet, stormy) today. I'll be glad when the rain's over (the fog's cleared), won't you? It's nice (cold, warm, chilly, hot), isn't it?

Hesitation devices: um, er, well, actually, in fact, you see, you know, the thing is, it's like this, how shall I put it, thee (lengthening of the), ayyy (lengthening of a), tooo (lengthening of to), I think..., I believe ..., I suppose.

Memory Work:

When the weather is wet

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We must not fret, -

When the weather is cold

We must not scold.

When the weather is warm

We must not storm, -

But be thankful together

Whatever the weather.

Exercises

I. a) The material below is to be prepared for reading. Mark the stresses and tunes. Concentrate your attention on sounds. b) Let your fellow-student read the sentences for you to detect his errors in sounds and tell him what must be done to eliminate them:

[e]1. Get ten eggs ready for breakfast.

2.Every day in every way.

The weather is getting better and better.

3.East or West home is best.

4.All is well that ends well.

5.Better late than never.

6.Health is above wealth.

II. Before you start working at the texts practise the sounds in the following word combinations from the texts:

A.1. [ ] raining a little, wearing a mackintosh, carrying an umbrella, spreading over London, floating across the sky, having a flight;

2.[ :] their first words, almost certain, the other person, turned ripe;

3.[ - - ] almost, can only crawl along, the ponds are frozen over, a fight with snowballs.

B.1. Alveolars replaced by dentals: read the weather-forecast, and the sun, but the English, about the weather, look at this.

2.Nasal plosion: it must be, it never, let me, like it now.

3.Loss of plosion: must be, what does it, but bright, spread to, it pours.

III. 1. a) Listen to the recording of the text "Seasons and Weather". Mark the stresses and tunes. b) Practise the text for test reading. Listen to it carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way.

2. a) Listen to the dialogue. Mark the stresses and tunes. b) Practise the dialogue for test reading. Listen to it very carefully until you can say it in exactly the same way. c) Memorize and dramatize it.

IV. Copy out of Text 1 all the words with digraphs ai, ei, , , on, ow and transcribe them.

V. Give the four forms of the following verbs:

come, blow, drive, fall, prefer, freeze, ski, put, sweep, hang, show, sew, awake, sleep, build, stop, sit, read, write, play, leave, begin, become.

VI. Give the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives and transcribe them:

dark, heavy, hard, large, old, severe, pleasant, bad, good, strong, weak, little, far, near, late, clear, hot, warm, beautiful.

VII. Ask questions covering the contents of Text 1 for your fellow-students to answer them.

VIII. Look at the picture (p. 224) and answer the following questions:

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1. Which of the four seasons is it? 2. Is the sky overcast with heavy clouds or is it clear and bright? 3. Has the sun gone in or is it shining brightly? 4. What is the ground covered with? 5. Are the fruit trees in blossom? 6. Do you see any flower-beds in the picture? 7. Who do you see in the picture? 8. What are the grown-up people doing? 9. What are the children doing? 10. Do people stay at home in spring or do they prefer to go out into the garden? 11. How do you like to spend your time in spring?

IX. Look at the right-hand picture and ask one another questions using the words and word combinations given below:

season; summer; hot, cold; the sun; to shine brightly; on the bank of the river; to bathe, to swim; to boat, to fish (to go boating, to go fishing); to lie in the sun (on the sand); to pick flowers; to pick (to gather) berries and mushrooms; in the woods; to spend one's vacation (holiday) at the seaside; to travel by car; to go cycling; in a rest-home; on the shore.

X. Describe the picture (p. 225) using the following words and word combinations:

autumn; weather; nasty; the sky; to be overcast; cold, wind, to blow; low clouds, to drive across the sky; to rain heavily (hard); to hurry along the streets; to wear raincoats; to carry an umbrella; to get wet through; cars, trolley-buses, buses; to go (run) along the streets; to splash; mud; passers-by.

XI. Look at the right-hand picture and make up a dialogue. Use the Topical Vocabulary, Conversational Phrases and Hesitation Devices.

XII. a) Make the following sentences interrogative and negative:

1. It is as chilly today as it was yesterday. 2. The frost will be as hard tomorrow as it is today. 3. She is as fond of frosty weather as her brother is. 4. It has stopped raining. 5. She will be working when you come. 6. Pressure will remain high.

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