Miologia_Greya

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

Gastrocnemius

1

Medial head—posterior surface of distal

Via calcaneal tendon,

Tibial nerve

Plantarflexes foot and flexes

femur just superior to medial condyle;

to posterior surface

[S1, S2]

knee

lateral head—upper posterolateral

of calcaneus

surface of lateral femoral condyle

Plantaris

2

Inferior part of lateral supracondylar line

Via calcaneal tendon,

Tibial nerve

Plantarflexes foot and flexes

of femur and oblique popliteal ligament

to posterior surface

[S1, S2]

knee

of knee

of calcaneus

Soleus

3

Soleal line and medial border of tibia;

Via calcaneal tendon,

Tibial nerve

Plantarflexes the foot

posterior aspect of fibular head and

to posterior surface

[S1, S2]

adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal

of calcaneus

shaft; tendinous arch between tibial and

fibular attachments

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

Popliteus

1

Lateral femoral condyle

Posterior surface of

Tibial nerve

Stabilizes knee joint (resists

proximal tibia

[L4 to S1]

lateral rotation of tibia on femur)

Unlocks knee joint (laterally

rotates femur on fixed tibia)

Flexor hallucis

2

Posterior surface of fibula and

Plantar surface of distal

Tibial nerve

Flexes great toe

longus

adjacent interosseous

phalanx of great toe

[S2, S3]

membrane

2

3

4

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

Tibialis anterior

3

Lateral surface of tibia and

Medial and inferior surfaces of

Deep fibular nerve

Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle

adjacent interosseous

medial cuneiform and

[L4, L5]

joint; inversion of foot;

membrane

adjacent surfaces on base of

dynamic support of medial

metatarsal I

arch of foot

Extensor

4

Middle one half of medial

Dorsal surface of base of

Deep fibular nerve

Extension of great toe and

hallucis longus

surface of fibula and adjacent

distal phalanx of great toe

[L5, S1]

dorsiflexion of foot

surface of interosseous

membrane

Fibularis tertius

6 Distal part of medial surface

Dorsomedial surface of base

Deep fibular nerve

Dorsiflexion and eversion of

of fibula

of metatarsal V

[L5, S1]

foot

Extensor

8 Superolateral surface of

Base of proximal phalanx of

Deep fibular nerve

Extension of

hallucis brevis

calcaneus

great toe

[S1, S2]

metatarsophalangeal joint

of great toe

7

8

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

Abductor

1

Medial process of

Medial side of base of

Medial plantar nerve from

Abducts and flexes great toe at

hallucis

calcaneal tuberosity

proximal phalanx of

the tibial nerve

metatarsophalangeal joint

great toe

[S1, S2, S3]

Flexor digitorum

2

Medial process of

Sides of plantar surface

Medial plantar nerve from

Flexes lateral four toes at

brevis

calcaneal tuberosity and

of middle phalanges of

the tibial nerve

proximal interphalangeal joint

plantar aponeurosis

lateral four toes

[S1, S2, S3]

Quadratus

4 Medial surface of

Lateral side of tendon of

Lateral plantar nerve from

Assists flexor digitorum longus

plantae

calcaneus and lateral

flexor digitorum longus

tibial nerve [S1, S2, S3]

tendon in flexing toes II to V

process of calcaneal

in proximal sole of the

tuberosity

foot

3

1

4

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

3

1

2

4

5

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

Infraspinatus

2

Medial two thirds of the

Middle facet on posterior

Suprascapular

Rotator cuff muscle; lateral

infraspinous fossa of the

surface of the greater tubercle

nerve [C5, C6]

rotation of arm at the

scapula and the deep fascia

of the humerus

glenohumeral joint

that covers the muscle

Teres minor

3

Upper two thirds of a flattened

Inferior facet on the posterior

Axillary nerve

Rotator cuff muscle; lateral

strip of bone on the posterior

surface of the greater tubercle

[C5, C6]

rotation of arm at the

surface of the scapula

of the humerus

glenohumeral joint

immediately adjacent to the

lateral border of the scapula

Long head of

5 Infraglenoid tubercle on

Common tendon of insertion

Radial nerve

Extension of the forearm at

triceps brachii

scapula

with medial and lateral heads

[C6, C7, C8]

the elbow joint; accessory

on the olecranon process of

adductor and extensor of

ulna

the arm at the glenohumeral

joint

4

5

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

Pectoralis

1 Clavicular head—anterior

Lateral lip of

Medial and lateral

Flexion, adduction, and

major

surface of medial half of

intertubercular sulcus of

pectoral nerves;

medial rotation of arm at

clavicle; sternocostal head—

humerus

clavicular head

glenohumeral joint;

anterior surface of sternum; first

[C5, C6]; sternocostal

clavicular head—flexion of

seven costal cartilages; sternal

head [C6, C7, C8, T1]

extended arm; sternocostal

end of sixth rib; aponeurosis of

head—extension of flexed

external oblique

arm

Serratus

4

Lateral surfaces of upper 8–9

Costal surface of medial

Long thoracic nerve

Protraction and rotation of the

anterior

ribs and deep fascia overlying

border of scapula

[C5, C6, C7]

scapula; keeps medial border

the related intercostal spaces

and inferior angle of scapula

opposed to thoracic wall

Subscapularis 5 Medial two thirds of subscapular

Lesser tubercle of

Upper and lower

Rotator cuff muscle; medial

fossa

humerus

subscapular nerves

rotation of the arm at the

[C5, C6, (C7)]

glenohumeral joint

Latissimus

7 Spinous processes of lower six

Floor of intertubercular

Thoracodorsal nerve

Adduction, medial rotation,

dorsi

thoracic vertebrae and related

sulcus

[C6, C7, C8]

and extension of the arm at

interspinous ligaments; via the

the glenohumeral joint

thoracolumbar fascia to the

spinous processes of the lumbar

vertebrae, related interspinous

ligaments, and iliac crest; lower

3–4 ribs

Long head of

8 Infraglenoid tubercle on scapula

Common tendon of

Radial nerve

Extension of the forearm at

triceps brachii

insertion with medial and

[C6, C7, C8]

the elbow joint; accessory

lateral heads on the

adductor and extensor of the

olecranon process of ulna

arm at the glenohumeral joint

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

Biceps brachii

1

Long head—supraglenoid

Tuberosity of radius

Musculocutaneous nerve

Powerful flexor of the forearm at

tubercle of scapula; short

[C5, C6]

the elbow joint and supinator of

head—apex of coracoid

the forearm; accessory flexor of

process

the arm at the glenohumeral joint

Coracobrachialis

2

Apex of coracoid process

Linear roughening on

Musculocutaneous nerve

Flexor of the arm at the

midshaft of humerus

[C5, C6, C7]

glenohumeral joint; adducts arm

on medial side

1

3

8

10

Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Innervation

Function

Coracobrachialis

1

Apex of coracoid process

Linear roughening on

Musculocutaneous nerve

Flexor of the arm at the

midshaft of humerus

[C5, C6, C7]

glenohumeral joint

on medial side

Biceps brachii

2

Long head—

Radial tuberosity

Musculocutaneous nerve

Powerful flexor of the forearm

supraglenoid tubercle of

[C5, C6]

at the elbow joint and

scapula; short head—

supinator of the forearm;

apex of coracoid process

accessory flexor of the arm at

the glenohumeral joint

Brachialis

3

Anterior aspect of humerus

Tuberosity of the ulna

Musculocutaneous nerve

Powerful flexor of the forearm

(medial and lateral

[C5, C6]; (small contribution

at the elbow joint

surfaces) and adjacent

by the radial nerve [C7] to

intermuscular septae

lateral part of muscle)

Triceps brachii

4

Long head—infraglenoid

Olecranon

Radial nerve [C6, C7, C8]

Extension of the forearm at

tubercle of scapula; medial

the elbow joint. Long head

head—posterior surface of

can also extend and adduct

humerus; lateral head—

the arm at the shoulder joint

posterior surface

of humerus