книги студ / Color Atlas of Pharmacology

Index

371

bonds, types of, 58, 59

angina treatment, 308,

castor oil, 170, 174

botulinum toxin, 182

311

catecholamines

bowel atonia, 100, 102

hypertension treatment,

actions of, 84, 85

bradycardia, 92, 104, 134

312–313

structure-activity rela-

bradykinin, 34

calcium channel blockers,

tionships, 86, 87

brain, blood-brain barrier,

136, 234

see also epinephrine;

24

see also calcium antago-

norepinephrine

bran, 170

nists

catecholmin-O-methyl-

bromocriptine, 114, 126,

calcium chelators, 142

transferase (COMT), 82,

188, 242, 243

calcium homeostasis, 264,

86, 114

bronchial asthma, see

265

inhibitors of, 188

asthma

calmodulin, 84

cathartics, 170, 172

bronchial carcinoma, to-

cancer, 296–299

cefmenoxin, 270

bacco smoking and, 112

see also carcinoma

cefoperazone, 270

bronchial mucus, 14

Candida albicans, 282

cefotaxime, 270

bronchitis, 324, 328

canrenone, 164

ceftazidime, 270

chronic obstructive, 104

capillary beds, 24

ceftriaxone, 270

tobacco smoking and,

capreomycin, 280

cell membrane, 20

112

capsules, 8, 9, 10

membrane stabilization,

bronchoconstriction, 196,

captopril, 34, 124

94, 134, 136

198

carbachol, 102, 103

permeation, 26–27

bronchodilation, 84, 104,

carbamates, 102

cells, 20

127, 196, 326

carbamazepine, 190, 191,

cellulose, 170

bronchodilators, 126, 328

192, 234

cephalexin, 270, 271

brotizolam, 224

carbenicillin, 270

cephalosporinase, 270, 271

buccal drug administra-

carbenoxolone, 168

cephalosporins, 267, 268,

tion, 18, 19, 22

carbidopa, 188

270, 271

Buchheim, Rudolf, 3

carbimazole, 247

cerivastatin, 156

budesonide, 14, 250, 326

carbonic acids, 200

ceruletide, 180

bufotenin, 240

carbonic anhydrase (CAH),

cestode parasites, 292

bulk gels, 170, 171

162

cetrizine, 114–116

bumetanide, 162

inhibitors, 162, 163

chalk, 178

buprenorphine, 210, 214

carbovir, 288

charcoal, medicinal, 178

buserelin, 242, 243

carboxypenicillins, 270

chelating agents, 302, 303

buspirone, 116

carcinoma

chemotherapeutic agents,

busulfan, 298

bronchial, 112

266

N-butylscopolamine, 104,

prostatic, 242

chenodeoxycholic acid

126

cardiac arrest, 104, 134

(CDCA), 180

butyrophenones, 236, 238

cardiac drugs, 128–137

chirality, 62

butyryl cholinesterase, 100

antiarrhythmics,

chloral hydrate, 222

134–137

chlorambucil, 298

C

glycosides, 128, 130,

chloramphenicol, 267,

131, 132, 134

276–279

cabergolide, 126, 188, 242

modes of action, 128,

chlorguanide, 294

caffeine, 326

129

chloride channels, 226

calcifediol, 264

cardioacceleration, 104

chlormadinone acetate,

calcineurin, 300

cardiodepression, 134

254

calcitonin, 264, 265, 318,

cardioselectivity, 94

chloroquine, 294, 295, 320

322

cardiostimulation, 84, 85

chlorpheniramine, 114

calcitriol, 264

carminatives, 180, 181

chlorphenothane (DDT),

calcium antagonists,

carotid body, nicotine ef-

292, 293

122–123, 128

fects, 110

chlorpromazine, 208, 236,

case-control studies, 76

238

lack of selectivity, 70, 71

Clostridium botulinum,

corpus luteum, 254

chlorprothixene, 238

182

corticotropin, 242

chlorthalidone, 162

Clostridium difficile, 270

corticotropin-releasing

cholecalciferol, 264

clotiazepam, 222

hormone (CRH), 242,

cholecystokinin, 180

clotrimazole, 282

250, 251

cholekinetics, 180

clotting factors, 142

cortisol, 36, 248, 249, 250,

cholelithiasis, 180

clozapine, 238, 239, 240

251

choleretics, 180

co-trimoxazole, 272, 273

receptors, 250

cholestasis, 238

coagulation cascade, 142,

cortisone, biotransforma-

cholesterol, 154–157

143

tion, 36

gallstone formation, 180

coated tablets, 8, 9, 10

coryza, 90

metabolism, 155

cocaine, 88, 89, 208

cotrimoxazole, 178

choline, 100

codeine, 210, 212, 214,

cough, 324, 325

choline acetyltransferase,

324, 325

coumarins, 142, 144, 145

100

colchicine, 316, 317

covalent bonds, 58

cholinergic synapse, 100

colds, 324–325

cranial nerves, 98

cholinoceptors, 98, 100,

colestipol, 154

creams, 16, 17

184

colestyramine, 130, 154

cromoglycate, 116

antacid effects, 166

colic, 104, 127

cromolyn, 14, 116, 326

antagonists, 188

common cold, 324–325

cross-over trials, 76

muscarinic, 100, 188,

competitive antagonists,

curare, 184

230

60, 61

Cushing’s disease, 220,

nicotinic, 64, 65, 100,

complement activation,

248, 300, 318

108, 182

72, 73

prevention of, 248

chronic polyarthritis, 320

compliance, 48

cyanide poisoning, 304,

chronotropism, 84

concentration time course,

305

negative, 134

46–47, 68, 69

cyanocobalamin, 138, 304,

chylomicrons, 154

during irregular intake,

305

cilazapril, 124

48, 49

cyclic endoperoxides, 196

cimetidine, 116, 168

during repeated dosing,

cyclofenil, 256

ciprofloxacin, 274

48, 49

cyclooxygenases, 196, 248

cisapride, 116

concentration-binding

inhibition, 198, 200, 328

cisplatin, 298

curves, 56–57

cyclophilin, 300

citrate, 142

concentration-effect

cyclophosphamide, 298,

clarithromycin, 168, 276

curves, 54, 55

300, 320

Clark, Alexander J., 3

concentration-effect rela-

cycloserine, 280

clavulanic acid, 270

tionship, 54, 55, 68, 69

cyclosporin A, 300

clearance, 44

conformation change, 60

cyclothiazide, 162

clemastine, 114

congestive heart failure,

cyproterone, 252

clemizole, 268

92, 128, 130, 158, 312

cyproterone acetate, 254

clindamycin, 267, 276

conjugation reactions, 38,

cystinuria, 302, 303

clinical testing, 6

39, 58

cystostatic antibiotics, 298

clinical trials, 76

conjunctival decongestion,

cytarabine, 298

clobazam, 192

90

cytochrome P450, 32

clodronate, 264, 318

constipation, 172, 173

cytokines, 300

clofazimine, 280, 281

atropine poisoning and,

cytomegaloviruses, 286

clofibrate, 156

106

cytostatics, 296, 297, 299,

clomethiazole, 192

see also laxatives

300, 320

clomiphene, 256

contact dermatitis, 72, 73,

cytostatics, alkylating, 298

clonazepam, 192

282

cytotoxic reactions, 72, 73

clonidine, 96, 182, 312

controlled trials, 76

clopidogrel, 150

coronary sclerosis, 306,

clostebol, 252

307

Index

373

D

dextran, 152

diphenoxylate, 178

diabetes mellitus

dipole-dipole interaction,

daclizumab, 300

hypoglycemia, 92

58

dantrolene, 182

insulin replacement

dipole-ion interaction, 58

dapsone, 272, 280, 281,

therapy, 258

dipyridamole, 150

294

insulin-dependent,

dipyrone, 198, 199

daunorubicin, 298

260–261

disinfectants, 290, 291

dealkylations, 36

non-insulin-dependent,

disintegration, of tablets

deamination, 36

262–264

and capsules, 10

decarbaminoylation, 102

diacylglycerol, 66

disopyramide, 136

decongestants, 90

diarrhea, 178

disorientation, atropine

deferoxamine, 302, 303

antidiarrheals, 178–179

poisoning and, 106

dehalogenation, 36

chologenic, 172

Disse’s spaces, 24, 32, 33

delavirdine, 288

diastereomers, 62

dissolution, of tablets and

delirium tremens, 236

diazepam, 128, 228

capsules, 9, 10

dementia, 102

diazoxide, 118, 312

distribution, 22–31, 46, 47

N-demethyldiazepam, 228

dicationic, 268

diuretics, 158–165, 313

demulcents, 178

diclofenac, 200, 320

indications for, 158

deoxyribonucleic acid

dicloxacillin, 270

loop, 162, 163

(DNA), 274

didanosine, 288

osmotic, 160, 161

synthesis inhibition, 298,

diethlystilbestrol, 74

potassium-sparing, 164,

299

diethylether, 216

165

dependence

diffusion

sulfonamide type, 162,

benzodiazepines, 223,

barrier to, 20

163

226, 228

membrane permeation,

thiazide, 132, 162, 163,

hypnotics, 222, 223

26, 27

312

laxatives, 172, 173

digitalis, 130, 131, 302

dobutamine, enantioselec-

opioids, 210–212

digitoxin, 132

tivity, 62

dephosphorylation, 102

enterohepatic cycle, 38

docetaxel, 296

depolarizing muscle relax-

digoxin, 132

docosahexaenoate, 156

ants, 184, 186, 187

dihydralazine, 118, 312

domperidone, 322, 330

deprenyl, 88

dihydroergotamine, 126,

L-dopa, 114, 188

depression, 226, 230

322

DOPA-decarboxylase, 188

endogenous, 230–233

dihydropyridines, 122, 308

dopamine, 88, 114, 115,

manic-depressive illness,

dihydrotestosterone, 252

132

230

diltiazem, 122, 136, 308

agonists, 242

treatment, 88, 230–233

dimenhydrinate, 114

antagonists, 114

dermatologic agents, 16,

dimercaprol, 302, 303

in norepinephrine syn-

17

dimercaptopropanesulfon-

thesis, 82

as drug vehicles, 16, 17

ic acid, 302, 303

mimetics, 114

dermatophytes, 282

dimethicone, 180, 181

Parkinson’s disease and,

descending antinocicep-

dimethisterone, 254

188

tive system, 194

2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethyl

dopamine receptors, 114,

desensitization, 66

amphetamine, 240

322

desflurane, 218

3,4-dimethoxyampheta-

agonists, 188

desipramine, 230, 232, 233

mine, 240

blockade, 236, 238

desmopressin, 164, 165

dimetindene, 114

dopamine-β-hydroxylase,

desogestrel, 254

dinoprost, 126

82

desulfuration, 36, 37

dinoprostone, 126

doping, 88, 89

dexamethasone, 192, 248,

diphenhydramine, 114,

dorzolamide, 162

249, 330

222, 230

dosage forms, 8

dexazosin, 90

diphenolmethane deriva-

dosage schedule, 50, 51

dexetimide, 62, 63

tives, 170, 174, 177

dose-linear kinetics, 68, 69

dose-response relation-

EC50, 54, 60

enterohepatic cycle, 38, 39

ship, 52–53

econazole, 282

enzyme induction, 32

dosing

ecothiopate, 102

ephedrine, 86, 87

irregular, 48, 49

ecstasy, 240

epilepsy, 190, 191, 226

overdosing, 70, 71

ectoparasites, 292

antiepileptics, 190–193

repeated, 48, 49

edema, 158, 159

childhood, 192

subliminal, 52

EDTA, 142, 264, 302, 303

treatment, 162

double-blind trials, 76

efavirenz, 288

epinephrine, 82, 83, 260

doxorubicin, 298

effervescent tablets, 8

anaphylactic shock treat-

doxycycline, 277, 278, 294

efficacy, 54, 60, 61

ment, 84, 326, 327

doxylamine, 22

Ehrlich, P., 3

β-blockers and, 92

dromotropism, negative,

eicosanoids, 196

cardiac arrest treatment,

134

eicosapentaenoate, 156

134

dronabinol, 330

electromechanical

local anesthesia and, 206

droperidol, 216, 236

coupling, 128, 182

nicotine and, 108, 109,

drops, 8, 9

electrostatic attraction, 58,

110

drug interactions, 30, 32

59

structure-activity rela-

anticonvulsants, 192

elimination of drugs,

tionships, 86, 87

drug-receptor interaction,

32–43, 46, 47

epipodophyllotoxins, 298

58–69

β-blockers, 94

epoxidations, 36

drugs

biotransformation,

epoxides, 36

active principle, 4

34–39, 42

Epsom salts, 170

administration, 8–19

changes during drug

eptifibatide, 150

adverse effects, 70–75

therapy, 50, 51

ergocornine, 126

approval process, 6

exponential rate pro-

ergocristine, 126

barriers to, 22–27

cesses, 44, 45

ergocryptine, 126

biotransformation, 32,

hydrophilic drugs, 42, 43

ergolides, 114

34–39

in kidney, 40–41, 44

ergometrine, 126, 127

concentration time

in liver, 18, 32–33, 44

ergosterol, 282, 283

course, 46–47, 48–49,

lipophilic drugs, 42, 43

ergot alkaloids, 126

68, 69

emesis, 330–331

ergotamine, 126, 127, 322

development, 6–7

emulsions, 8, 16

erythromycin, 34, 267,

distribution in body,

enalapril, 34

276, 277

22–31, 46, 47

enalaprilat, 34, 124

erythropoiesis, 138, 139

liberation of, 10

enantiomers, 62, 63

erythropoietin, 138

protein binding, 30–31

enantioselectivity, 62

ester hydrolysis, 34

retarded release, 10, 11

endocytosis, 24

estradiol, 254, 255, 257

sites of action, 20–21

receptor-mediated, 26,

estriol, 254, 255

sources, 4

27

estrogen, 254, 318

see also elimination of

endoneural space, 206

estrone, 254, 255

drugs; specific types

endoparasites, 292

ethacrynic acid, 162

of drugs

β-endorphin, 210, 211, 212

ethambutol, 280, 281

duodenal ulcers, 104, 166

endothelium-derived re-

ethanol, 202, 203, 224

dusting powders, 16

laxing factor (EDRF), 100,

elimination, 44

dynorphins, 210

120

ethinylestradiol (EE), 254,

dyskinesia, 238

enflurane, 218

255, 256

dysmenorrhea, 196

enkephalins, 34, 210, 211

ethinyltestosterone, 255

dystonia, 238

enolic acids, 200

ethionamide, 280

enoxacin, 274

ethisterone, 254

E

entacapone, 188

ethosuximide, 191, 192

Entamoeba histolytica, 274

ethylaminobenzoate, 324

Emax, 54

Enterobius vermicularis,

ethylenediaminetetraacet-

E. coli, 270, 271

292

ic acid (EDTA), 142

Index

375

etilefrine, 86, 87

fleas, 292, 293

gallopamil, 122

etofibrate, 156

flecainide, 136

gallstones, 180

etomidate, 220, 221

floxacillin, 270

dissolving of, 180, 181

etoposide, 298

fluconazole, 282

ganciclovir, 285, 286

etretinate, 74

flucytosine, 282

ganglia

euphoria, 88, 210

fludrocortisone, 248, 314

nicotine action, 108, 110

expectorants, 324, 325

flukes, 292

paravertebral, 82

exponential rate processes,

flumazenil, 226, 302

prevertebral, 82

44, 45

flunarizine, 322

ganglionic blockers, 108,

extracellular fluid volume

flunisolide, 14, 250

128

(EFV), 158

fluoride, 318

gastric secretion, 196

extracellular space, 28

5-fluorouracil, 298

gastric ulcers, 104, 166

extrapyramidal distur-

fluoxetine, 116, 230, 232,

gastrin, 166–168, 242

bances, 238

233

gastritis, atrophic, 138

eye drops, 8, 9

flupentixol, 236, 238, 239

gelatin, 152

fluphenazine, 236, 238,

gels, 16

F

239

gemfibrozil, 156

flutamide, 252

general anesthetics,

factor VII, 142

fluticasone dipropionate,

216–221

factor XII, 142

14, 250

inhalational, 216,

famcyclovir, 286

fluvastatin, 156, 157

218–219

famotidine, 116, 168

fluvoxamine, 232

injectable, 216, 220–221

fatty acids, 20

folic acid, 138, 139, 272,

generic drugs, 94

felbamate, 190, 191

273

gentamicin, 276, 278, 279

felodipine, 122

deficiency, 138

gestoden, 254

felypressin, 164, 206

follicle-stimulating hor-

gingival hyperplasia, 192

fenestrations, 24

mone (FSH), 242, 243,

Glauber’s salts, 170

fenfluramine, 88

254

glaucoma, 106

fenoldopam, 114, 312

deficiency, 252

treatment, 92, 102, 162

fenoterol, 86, 87

suppression, 256

β-globulins, drug binding,

allergic disorder treat-

follicular maturation, 254

30

ment, 326

foscarnet, 286, 287

glomerular filtration, 40

asthma treatment, 328

fosinopril, 124

glucagon, 242

tocolysis, 84, 126

Frazer, T., 3

glucocorticoids, 200,

fentanyl, 210, 212–216

frusemide, 162

248–251

ferric ferrocyanide, 304,

functional antagonism, 60

allergic disorder treat-

305

fungal infections, 282–283

ment, 326

ferritin, 140

fungicidal effect, 282

asthma treatment, 328

fever, 202, 203, 324

fungistatic effect, 282

cytokine inhibition, 300

fexofenadine, 114–116

furosemide, 162, 264

gout treatment, 316

fibrillation, 122

hypercalcemia treat-

atrial, 130, 131, 134

G

ment, 264

fibrin, 34, 142, 146

rheumatoid arthritis

fibrinogen, 146, 148, 149

G-protein-coupled recep-

treatment, 320

fibrinolytic therapy, 146

tors, 64, 65, 210

glucose metabolism, 260,

Fick’s Law, 44

mode of operation,

261

finasteride, 252

66–67

see also diabetes mellit-

first-order rate processes,

G-proteins, 64, 66

us

44–45

GABA, 190, 224, 226

glucose-6-phosphate de-

first-pass hepatic elimina-

GABA receptors, 64, 226

hydrogenase deficiency,

tion, 18, 42

gabapentin, 190, 191, 192

70

fish oil supplementation,

Galen, Claudius, 2

glucuronic acid, 36, 38, 39

156

gallamine, 184

β-glucuronidases, 38

half-life, 44

HMG CoA reductase, 154,

glucuronidation, 38

hallucinations, atropine

156, 157

opioids, 212

poisoning and, 106

Hohenheim, Theophrastus

glucuronides, 38

hallucinogens, 240, 241

von, 2

glucuronyl transferases,

halofantrine, 294, 295

homatropine, 107

32, 38

haloperidol, 236, 238, 239

homeopathy, 76, 77

glutamate, 64, 190

halothane, 218, 219

hookworm, 292

receptors, 190

haptens, 72, 73

hormone replacement

glutamine, in conjugation

hay fever, 326

therapy, 254

reactions, 38

HDL particles, 154

hormones, 20

glyburide, 262

heart

hypophyseal, 242–243

glyceraldehyde enantiom-

β-blockers and, 92

hypothalamic, 242–243

ers, 62

cardiac arrest, 104, 134

see also specific hor-

glycerol, 20

cardiac drugs, 128–137

mones

glycine, 64, 182, 183

cardioacceleration, 104

human chorionic gonado-

in conjugation reactions,

cardiodepression, 134

tropin (HCG), 252, 256

38

cardiostimulation, 84, 85

human immunodeficiency

glycogenolysis, 66, 84

see also angina pectoris;

virus (HIV), 288–289

glycosuria, 162

myocardial infarction;

human menopausal gona-

cGMP, 120

myocardium

dotropin (HMG), 252,

goiter, 244, 245, 247

heart failure

256

gold compounds, 320

β-blockers and, 92

hydrochlorothiazide, 162,

gonadorelin superagonists,

congestive, 92, 128, 130,

164

242

158, 312

hydrocortisone, 248

gonadotropin-releasing

treatment, 118, 124, 132,

hydrogel, 16, 17

hormone (GnRH), 242,

158

hydrolysis, 34, 35

243,

Helicobacter pylori, 166

hydromorphone, 210, 214

252, 256

eradication of, 168, 169

hydrophilic colloids, 170,

goserelin, 242

hemoglobin, 138

171

gout, 316–317

hemolysis, 70, 72

hydrophilic cream, 16

GPIIB/IIIA, 148, 149, 150

hemosiderosis, 140

hydrophilic drug elimina-

antagonists, 150

hemostasis, 142, 148

tion, 42, 43

granisetron, 116, 330

heparin, 142–146, 309,

hydrophobic interactions,

Graves’ disease, 246, 247

310

58, 59

griseofulvin, 282, 283

hepatic elimination, 18,

hydroxyapatite, 264, 318

growth hormone (GH),

32–33, 44

4-hydroxycoumarins, 144

242, 243

exponential kinetics, 44

hydroxyethyl starch, 152

growth hormone recep-

hepatocytes, 32, 33, 154

hydroxylation reactions,

tors, 64

heroin, 212

36, 37

growth hormone release

Herpes simplex viruses,

17-β-hydroxyprogesterone

inhibiting hormone (-

284, 286

caproate, 254

GRIH),

hexamethonium, 108

5-hydroxytryptamine

242

hexobarbital, 222

(5HT), see serotonin

growth hormone-releasing

high blood pressure, see

hypercalcemia, 264

hormone (GRH), 242

hypertension

hyperglycemia, 162, 258,

guanethidine, 96

hirudin, 150

260

guanylate cyclase, 120

histamine, 72, 114, 115,

hyperkalemia, 186

gynecomastia, 164, 168

166, 326

hyperlipoproteinemia,

gyrase inhibitors, 274, 275

antagonists, 114

154–157

inhibitors of release, 116

treatment, 154

H

receptors, 114, 230, 326

hyperpyrexia, 202

see also antihistamines

hypersensitivity, 70

Hahnemann, Samuel, 76

Index

377

hypertension therapy,

indinavir, 288

deficiency, 244

312–313

indomethacin, 200, 316,

iodized salt prophylaxis,

α-blockers, 90

320

244

ACE inhibitors, 124, 312

infertility, 242

ionic currents, 136

β-blockers, 92, 312

inflammation, 72, 196, 326

ionic interaction, 58

calcium antagonists, 122,

asthma, 328, 329

ipratropium, 14, 107

312

glucocorticoid therapy,

allergic disorder treat-

diuretics, 158, 312

248, 249

ment, 326

in pregnancy, 312

rheumatoid arthritis, 320

bronchodilation, 126,

vasodilators, 118, 312

inflammatory bowel dis-

328

hyperthermia, atropine

ease, 272

cardiaoacceleration, 104,

poisoning and, 106, 202

influenza virus, 286, 287,

134

hyperthyroidism, 244,

324

iron compounds, 140

246–247

infusion, 12, 50

iron deficiency, 138, 140

hypertonia, 226

inhalation, 14, 15, 18, 19

iron overload, 302

hyperuricemia, 162, 316

injections, 12, 18, 19

isoconazole, 282

hypnotics, 222–225

inosine monophosphate

isoflurane, 218

dependence, 222, 223

dehydrogenase, 300

isoniazid, 190, 280, 281

hypoglycemia, 92, 260

inositol trisphosphate, 66,

isophane, 258

hypokalemia, 162, 163,

84

isoprenaline, 94

172, 173

inotropism, 92

isoproterenol, 14, 94, 95

hypophysis, 242–243, 250

negative, 134

structure-activity rela-

hypotension, 118, 119, 314

insecticides, 292

tionships, 86, 87

treatment, 90, 314–315

poisoning, 304, 305

isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN),

hypothalamic releasing

insomnia, 224, 226

120, 308, 311

hormones, 242, 243

insulin, 242, 258–259

5-isosorbide mononitrate

hypothalamus, 242, 250,

diabetes mellitus treat-

(ISMN), 120

251

ment, 260–261, 262

isotretinoic acid, 74

hypothermia, 238

preparations, 258, 259

isoxazolylpenicillins, 270

hypothyroidism, 244

regular, 258

itraconazole, 282

hypovolemic shock, 152

resistance to, 258

insulin receptors, 64

J

I

insulin-dependent dia-

betes mellitus, 260–261

josamycin, 276

ibuprofen, 198, 200

interferons (IFN), 284, 285

juvenile onset diabetes

idiopathic dilated cardio-

interleukins, 300

mellitus, 260

myopathy, 92

interstitial fluid, 28

idoxuridine, 286

intestinal epithelium, 22

K

ifosfamide, 298

intramuscular injection,

iloprost, 118

18, 19

K+ channels, see potassium

imidazole derivatives, 282,

intravenous injection, 18,

channel activation

283

19

kanamycin, 276, 280

imipramine, 208,

intrinsic activity, 60

kaolin, 178

230–232, 233

enantioselectivity, 62

karaya gum, 170

immune complex vascu-

intrinsic factor, 138

ketamine, 220, 221

litis, 72, 73

intrinsic sympathomimetic

ketanserin, 116

immune modulators,

activity (ISA), 94

ketoconazole, 282

300–301

intubation, 216

ketotifen, 116

immune response, 72, 73,

inulin, 28

kidney, 160, 161

300

inverse agonists, 60, 226

drug elimination, 40–41,

immunogens, 72

inverse enantioselectivity,

44

immunosuppression,

62

kinetosis, 106, 330, 331

300–301, 320

iodine, 246, 247

kyphosis, 318

L

lipid-lowering agents, 154

lymphokines, 72

lipocortin, 248

lynestrenol, 254

β-lactam ring, 268, 270

lipolysis, 66, 84

lypressin, 164

β-lactamases, 270

lipophilic cream, 16

lysergic acid, 126

lactation, drug toxicity, 74,

lipophilic drug elimina-

lysergic acid diethylamide

75

tion, 42, 43

(LSD), 126, 240, 241

lactulose, 170

lipophilic ointment, 16

lamivudine, 288

lipoprotein metabolism,

M

lamotrigine, 190, 191

154, 155

Langendorff preparation,

lipoxygenases, 196

macrophages, 300

128

liquid paraffin, 174

activation, 72

Langley, J., 3

liquid preparations, 8, 9

magnesium sulfate, 126

lansoprazole, 168

lisinopril, 124

maintenance dose, 50

laryngitis, 324

lisuride, 114, 188

major histocompatibility

law of mass action, 3, 56

lithium ions, 234, 235, 246,

complex (MHC), 300

laxatives, 170–177

247

malaria, 294–295

bulk, 170, 171

liver

malignant neuroleptic syn-

dependence, 172, 173

biotransformation, 32,

drome, 238

irritant, 170, 172–174,

42

mania, 230, 234, 235

175, 177

blood supply, 32

manic-depressive illness,

lubricant, 174

drug elimination, 18,

230

misuse of, 170–172

32–33, 44

mannitol, 160, 161, 170

osmotically active, 170,

drug exchange, 24

maprotiline, 232

171

enterohepatic cycle, 38,

margin of safety, 70

LDL particles, 154–157

39

mass action, law of, 3, 56

lead poisoning, 302, 303

lipoprotein metabolism,

mast cells, 72

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome,

154–157

inhibitors of histamine

192

loading dose, 50

release, 116

leprosy, 274, 280

local anesthetics, 128, 134,

stabilization, 326, 328

leuenkephalin, 212

204–209

matrix-type tablets, 9, 10

leukotrienes, 196, 320,

chemical structure,

maturity-onset diabetes

326, 327, 328

208–209

mellitus, 262–264

NSAIDS and, 200, 201

diffusion and effect,

mazindole, 88

leuprorelin, 242, 243

206–207

mebendazole, 292, 293

levetimide, 62, 63

mechanism of action,

mebhydroline, 114

levodopa, 188

204–206

mecamylamine, 108

levomepromazine, 330

lomustine, 298

mechlorethamine, 298

lice, 292, 293

loop diuretics, 162, 163

meclizine, 114, 330

lidocaine, 134, 136, 208,

loperamide, 178, 212

medicinal charcoal, 178

209

loratidine, 116

medroxyprogesterone ace-

biotransformation, 36,

lorazepam, 220, 330

tate, 254

37

lormetazepam, 224

mefloquine, 294, 295

digitoxin intoxication

lotions, 16, 17

megakaryocytes, 148

treatment, 130

lovastatin, 156, 157

megaloblastic anemia, 192

myocardial infarction

low blood pressure, see

melphalan, 298

treatment, 309, 310

hypotension

membrane permeation,

ligand-gated ion channel,

LSD, see lysergic acid di-

26–27

64, 65

ethylamide

membrane stabilization,

ligand-operated enzymes,

Lugol’s solution, 246

94, 134, 136

64, 65

luteinizing hormone (LH),

memory cells, 72

lincomycin, 276

242, 243, 252, 254

menstrual cycle, 254

lindane, 292, 293

deficiency, 252

menstruation, 196

linseed, 170

lymphocytes, 72

Index

379

meperidine, 126, 210, 214,

migraine treatment, 116,

muromonab CD3, 300

215

126, 322–323

muscarinic cholinoceptors,

mepivacaine, 209

milieu interieur, 80

100, 188, 230

6-mercaptopurine, 298

milrinone, 132

muscimol, 240

mesalamine, 272

mineralocorticoids, 248,

muscle relaxants, 182,

mescaline, 116, 240

249

184–187, 226

mesterolone, 252

minimal alveolar concen-

myasthenia gravis, 102

mestranol, 254, 256

tration (MAC), 218

mycobacterial infections,

metamizole, 198

minipill, 256, 257

274, 280–281

metastases, 296

minocycline, 278

M. leprae, 280

metenkephalin, 212, 213

minoxidil, 118, 312

M. tuberculosis, 280

metenolone, 252

misoprostol, 126, 168, 169,

mycophenolate mofetil,

meteorism, 180

200

300

metformin, 262

mites, 292, 293

mycoses, 282–283

l-methadone, 210, 214,

mixed-function oxidases,

mydriatics, 104

215

32

myocardial infarction, 128,

methamphetamine, 86, 87,

mixtures, 8

148, 226, 309–310

88

moclobemide, 88, 232, 233

myocardial insufficiency,

methemoglobin, 304, 305

molsidomine, 120, 308

92, 132

methimazole, 247

monoamine oxidase

myocardium

methohexital, 220

(MAO), 82, 86, 88, 114

contraction, 128, 129

methotrexate, 298, 300,

inhibitors of, 88, 89, 188,

oxygen demand, 306,

320

230, 232

307

methoxyflurane, 218

monoclonal antibodies,

oxygen supply, 306, 307

methoxyverapamil, 122

300

relaxation, 128, 129

4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-

mood change, 210

myometrial relaxants, 126

amphetamine, 240

morning-after pill, 256

myometrial stimulants,

methylation reactions, 36,

morphine, 4, 5, 178,

126

37

210–215, 310

myosin kinase, 84

methyldigoxin, 132

antagonists, 214

methyldopa, 96, 114, 312

increased sensitivity, 70

N

methylenedioxy metham-

metabolism, 212, 213

phetamine (MDMA), 240

overdosage, 70, 71

Na channel blockers, 128,

methylergometrine, 126

Straub tail phenomenon,

134–137, 204

methylprednisolone, 330

52, 53

nabilone, 330

17-α-methyltestosterone,

Morton, W.T.G., 216

NaCl reabsorption, kidney,

252

motiline, 276

160, 161

methylxanthines, 326

motion sickness, 106, 330,

nadolol, 322

methysergide, 322

331

naftidine, 282

metoclopramide, 322, 330

motor endplate, 182

nalbuphine, 212, 215

metoprolol, 94, 322

nicotine and, 110

nalidixic acid, 274

metronidazole, 168, 274

motor systems, drugs act-

naloxone, 210, 211, 214,

mexiletine, 134, 136

ing on, 182–193

215, 302

mezclocillin, 270

mountain sickness, 162

naltrexone, 214

mianserin, 232

moxalactam, 270

nandrolone, 252

mibefradil, 122, 308

mucociliary transport, 14

naphazoline, 90, 326

miconazole, 282

mucolytics, 324, 325

naproxene, 200

Micromonospora bacteria,

mucosal administration,

nasal decongestion, 90

276

12, 14, 18, 22

Naunyn, Bernhard, 3

micturition, 98

mucosal block, 140

nausea, 330–331

midazolam, 220, 221, 228

mucosal disinfection, 290,

see also antiemetics;

mifepristone, 126, 256

291

motion sickness

murein, 268

nazatidine, 116

nebulizers, 13, 14

nimodipine, 122, 234

O

Necator americanus, 292

nitrate tolerance, 120

nedocromil, 116

nitrates, organic, 120–121

obesity, diabetes mellitus

negative bathmotropism,

nitrazepam, 222

and, 262, 263

134

nitrendipine, 122

obidoxime, 304, 305

negative chronotropism,

nitric acid, 120

octreotide, 242

134

nitric oxide (NO), 100, 116,

ofloxacin, 274

negative dromotropism,

120, 148

ointments, 12, 13, 16, 17

134

nitroglycerin, 120, 308,

olanzapine, 238

negative inotropism, 134

311, 312

omeprazole, 168

nelfinavir, 288

nitroimidazole, 274, 275

ondansetron, 116, 330

nematode parasites, 292

nitrostigmine, 102

opioids, 178, 210–215, 302

neomycin, 278, 279

nitrous oxide (N2O), 218,

effects, 210–212

neoplasms, see cancer;

219

metabolism, 212, 213

carcinoma

nizatidine, 168

mode of action, 210

neostigmine, 102, 103, 184

nociceptors, 194, 196

tolerance, 214

nephron, 160, 161

non-insulin-dependent di-

opium, 4

netilmicin, 278

abetes mellitus,

tincture, 4, 5, 178

neurohypophyseal (NH)

262–264

oral administration, 8–11,

hormones, 242

noncovalent bonds, 58

18, 19, 22

neurohypophysis, 242, 243

nondepolarizing muscle

dosage schedule, 50

nicotine effects, 110

relaxants, 184, 185

oral contraceptives, 254,

neuroleptanalgesia, 216,

nonsteroidal antiinflam-

256–257

236

matory drugs (NSAIDS),

biphasic preparations,

neuroleptanesthesia, 216

38,

256, 257

neuroleptics, 114, 216, 240

198, 200–201

minipill, 256, 257

epilepsy and, 190

gout treatment, 316

monophasic prepara-

mania treatment, 234

pharmacokinetics, 200

tions, 256, 257

schizophrenia treatment,

rheumatoid arthritis

morning-after pill, 256

236–238

treatment, 320

oral rehydration solution,

thermoregulation and,

noradrenaline, see norepi-

178

202, 203

nephrine

orciprenaline, 86, 87

neuromuscular transmis-

nordazepam, 228

organ preparation studies,

sion, 182, 183

norepinephrine, 82, 83, 88,

54

blocking, 184

118

organophosphate insecti-

neurotic disorders, 226

biotransformation, 36,

cide poisoning, 304, 305

neutral antagonists, 60

37

organophosphates, 102

neutrophils, 72

local anesthesia and, 206

ornipressin, 164, 165

nevirapine, 288

neuronal re-uptake, 82,

osmotic diuretics, 160, 161

nicotine, 108–113

230

osteomalacia, 192

effects on body func-

release of, 90, 91

osteopenia, 318

tions, 110–111

structure-activity rela-

osteoporosis, 264,

ganglionic action, 108

tionships, 86, 87

318–319

ganglionic transmission,

synthesis, 82, 88

ouabain, 132

108, 109

norethisterone, 254

overdosage, 70, 71

nicotinic acid, 118, 156

norfloxacin, 274

ovulation, 254

nicotinic cholinoceptors,

nortriptyline, 232

inhibition, 256

64, 65, 100, 108, 182

noscapine, 212, 324

stimulation, 256

nifedipine, 122, 123, 126,

nose drops, 8, 9

oxacillin, 270, 271

308

nucleoside inhibitors, 288,

oxalate, 142

hypertension treatment,

289

oxatomide, 116

312

nystatin, 282, 283

oxazepam, 228

mania treatment, 234

oxiconazole, 282