Контрольные задания Вариант 1

Efficient energy use

1. Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. Improvements in energy efficiency are most often achieved by adopting a more efficient technology or production process.

2. There are many motivations to improve energy efficiency. Reducing energy use reduces energy costs and may result in a financial cost saving to consumers. Reducing energy use is also seen as a solution to the problem of reducing emissions. Improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and transportation could reduce the world's energy needs in 2050 by one third, and help control global emissions of greenhouse gases.

3. Industry uses a large amount of energy to power a diverse range of manufacturing and resource extraction processes. Many industrial processes require large amounts of heat and mechanical power, most of which is delivered as natural gas, petroleum fuels and as electricity. In addition some industries generate fuel from waste products that can be used to provide additional energy.

4. Various industries generate steam and electricity for subsequent use within their facilities. When electricity is generated, the heat that is produced as a by-product can be captured and used for process steam, heating or other industrial purposes. Conventional electricity generation is about 30% efficient, whereas combined heat and power converts up to 90 percent of the fuel into usable energy.

5. Advanced boilers and furnaces can operate at higher temperatures while burning less fuel. These technologies are more efficient and produce fewer pollutants. Electric motors usually run at a constant speed, but a variable speed drive allows the motor’s energy output to match the required load. This achieves energy savings ranging from 30 to 60 percent, depending on how the motor is used. Motor coils made of superconducting materials can also reduce energy losses.

Задание первое. Выполните анализ лексического состава текста.

I. Найдите значение следующих слов по словарю:

To reduce, to provide, improvements, consumers, solution, emissions, power, heat, by-product, to convert, steam, pollutants.

II. Руководствуясь контекстом, дайте русские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

Energy efficiency, production process, energy costs, world's energy needs, greenhouse gases, resource extraction, waste products, electricity generation, superconducting materials, energy losses.

Задание второе. Выполните грамматический анализ текста.

1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на сложное дополнение и сложное подлежащее.

1. Experiments have shown this device to be very efficient.

2. Energy efficiency is expected to reduce energy needs.

3. Superconducting materials prove to be very effective.

4. Water is known to be a universal solvent.

5. We know steam to be used for heating.

6. The new method appears to be more efficient.

4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастный и герундиальный обороты.

1. The work being finished, we went home.

2. Some industries generating fuel from waste products, it can be used to provide additional energy.

3. I heard of your coming to us.

4. The engineer testing the engine, the workers watched his work.

5. Motor coils being made of superconducting materials, they can reduce energy losses.

6. By our increasing time for work we achieve better results.

5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Известно, что электродвигатели работают с постоянной скоростью.

2. Они предполагают, что эти технологии будут более эффективны.

3. Считается, что обычное производство электроэнергии не очень эффективно.

4. Мы знаем, что для многих промышленных процессов необходимо большое количество тепла и энергии.

5. Мы знаем, что это производство полностью автоматизировано.

6. Говорят, что современные котлы потребляют меньше топлива.

6. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is efficient energy use?

2. How can improved energy efficiency reduce the world's energy needs in 2050?

3. What does industry use a large amount of energy for?

4. How can the heat produced as a by-product be used?

5. What equipment can reduce energy losses?

7 . Переведите на русский язык 3-й и 4-й абзацы текста.

8. Передайте содержание текста в виде аннотации на английском языке, используя речевые формулы, данные в разделе «Информационные задания».