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9. The February bourgeois-democratic revolution in 1917, its causes and consequences.

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10. Main battles in the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1945. The heroes of Kazakhstani at the battle fields

Brest - the city in the South - the West of Belarus. On June 22, 1941 the city and fortress one of the first underwent the attack of the German troops. Defense of the Brest fortress became a symbol of firmness, courage and military valor.

Fight for Moscow of 1941-1942 in the night of December 5 on the 6th. The beginning of a battle of Moscow and active approach of the Soviet troops became surprise for fascists. Results of a battle of Moscow inspired the Soviet soldiers.

During the Kursk fight, near Prokhorovka (56 km. from Belgorod) there was the greatest tank battle. On both sides about 1200 tanks and self-propelled tools took part in it. Tank battle on the Kursk arch became one more example of heroism of the Soviet soldiers.

The battle of Stalingrad (on July 17, 1942 — on February 2, 1943) — the large battle between the Soviet troops and forces of the countries of the Axis developed in the city of Stalingrad, and also Entre Rios of Don and Volga during the Great Patriotic War.

The Berlin operation was conducted in the territory of Europe from April 16 to May 9, 1945 during which the territories occupied by Germans were freed and Berlin is taken under control. The Berlin operation became the last in the Great Patriotic War and World War II.

497 persons were awarded for the feats in the Great Patriotic War the ranks of the “Hero of the Soviet Union” (including 97 ethnic Kazakhs - the 5th place among all the Soviets)). Among them M.Mametova and A.Moldagulova, the only two heroine girls from the Soviet East and many others. 110 people were awarded the Order of Glory of three degrees. 410,000 Kazakh people perished on the war-field of the Germany-Italy-Japan war.

Every fourth of the republic’ citizen, or 1 196 164 Kazakhstani was drafted to the Red Army. In Kazakhstan since the very beginning of the war 7 shooting brigades, about 50 separate regiments, 12 shooting and 4 cavalry divisions were formed. Other Kazakhstan divisions, brigades and regiments entered into the Soviet Army in 1942. Among this number three cavalry divisions and two shooting brigades were generated as the Kazakh national ones.

11. The policy of "Militarism Communism" during the Civil War (1918-1920). Its impact on Kazakhstan

The policy of military communism was a policy of nationalization of all the industries virtually, centralization of administration in the maximum, surplus-appropriation system, provision of the card system, compulsory labor conscription. The policy included: override of market and financial relations, substitution of economic stimulus to non-economic directive, distribution of hard state control in all areas.

The main idea was to set the “dictatorship of proletariat”.

Communist party just accepted the Marxist scientific theory as a sort of religion – believing that the life could be changed through the human’s will.

Military communism was adopted by the Bolsheviks with the aim of keeping towns and the Red Army supplied with weapons and food.

War communism included the following policies:

  1. All industry was nationalized and strict centralized management was introduced.

  2. State monopoly on foreign trade was introduced.

  3. Discipline for workers was strict, and strikers could be shot.

  4. Obligatory labor duty was imposed onto "non-working classes".

  5. Prodrazvyorstka – requisition of agricultural surpluses from peasants in excess of absolute minimum for centralized distribution among the remaining population.

  6. Food and most commodities were rationed and distributed in a centralized way.

  7. Private enterprise became illegal.

  8. Military-like control of railroads was introduced.

The number of starving men in Kazakhstan reached 1,508,000 people by November 1920. 1,750,000 people or 42% of all Kazakh population was the victims of the famine and its painful consequences. 1,010,000 of Kazakhs abandoned the boundaries of their historic motherland.

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