35. Economic development of the Soviet Kazakhstan in 1960s. Industrialization in Kazakhstan.

Industrialization in 30)

36. The formation and disintegration of the Kazakhstan Provisional Government. The role of the Kazakh intellectuals.

Provisional Government (1917 March-April) instead of the previous structures of power began to create the regional and district commissariats.

Commissioner Turgay region became Alikhan Bukeikhanov, Seven Rivers - Mukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev, Ural - Halel Dosmukhamedov. March 6, 1917 to all participants of the 1916 uprising amnesty was declared. In the spring of 1917 in all areas of the Kazakh Congress were held to discuss the fate of Kazakhstan. On major issues of socio-political development after the February period, the leaders of the national-liberal movement sided with the Provisional Government. Because of this, they had a negative attitude to the Soviets as the organs, opposition to the Provisional Government. Dual power in Kazakhstan had specific features, due to socio-economic and political situation of the region, its multinational and largely petty-bourgeois population, location Cossack troops.

In late August, LG Kornilov began uprising with the aim to wrest power from the hands of the Provisional Government. But Kerensky, the head of the provisional government, with the help of the Soviet of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, deformed the rebellion. However, the Provisional government was unable to solve this problem as a long-term social problems, lack of food. In October 25, 1917 The Provisional government fell as a result of the October Revolution. Soon came to power, the party of the Bolsheviks led by Lenin, and then began a civil war in the country.

37. Nomadic and sedentary lifestyles in Kazakhstan. Complete settling of the Kazakh people in the period f. Goloschekin. Tragedy.

The number of the total sedentary Kazakhs was higher in the communities where there were the Uzbeks, Sarts and Tajiks. Though the Kazakhs had limited arable lands, crop cultivation was the main source of their life. The Kazakhs who lived in the steppes and mountainous areas had their own ploughed lands. Both the rich and poor engaged in crop farming. Their crop fields covered only some desyatin of land, particularly in the winter camps. In case they failed in crop farming and had poor harvest, they eventually took up pasture-raised livestock. The group between the sedentary and nomadic societies was called semi nomadic. The shift from nomadic to sedentary lifestyle of the Kazakhs began with the arrival of the Russians to Central Asia. It is written: ‘There were some sedentary Kirgiz (Kazakh-Kirgiz) societies in the kishlaks (village in Central Asia) of Fergana oblast as well as sedentary kuramain Tashkent uyezd. Moreover, there was a sedentary Kazakh village in Tortkul volost of Samarkand uyezd. Nowadays, crop farming is the main source of wealth of the Kazakhs’. The decision of the Soviet authorities on the confiscation of farms bai from August 28, 1928 turned into a tragedy, it has led to the fact that the Soviet government took away the cattle even among the middle peasants. This campaign at the words was aimed to make nomadic populations settled. If the number of cattle in Kazakhstan, reached in 1929 to 40 million head, only four million animals left in 1933. It is believed that this amount has been achieved at the expense of outside assistance provided to Kazakhstan covered at the beginning of the 1930s by famine. Kazakh people already in the times of famine of 1921-1922 which lost 30 percent of its population from 1931 to 1932 was subjected to mass starvation and lost exactly half its citizens - died two and a half million people. Some researchers believe that the deaths of more than three million people. Kazakh nation has experienced a great evil - Jungars invasion in 1723, the Second World War, but in those days, was not subjected to such destruction, as it was in the 1931-1932 years. First Secretary of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan was Philip Goloshchekin in these years. Local people repeatedly rebelled against ridiculous Goloschekin policy. Philip Goloshchekin, known for his excessive cruelty even before his arrival in Kazakhstan, was one of those who, without any charge or trial in one night shot Tsar Nicholas II and his family who were arrested after the February revolution. Goloshchekin, enlisting the direct support of Stalin, on arrival in Kazakhstan subjected to repression and persecution of prominent people in the republic's leadership and representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia. Announced a large number of people "enemies of the people", Philippe Goloshchekin himself was arrested for that in 1939 "created an anti-Soviet organization, led the fight against the Central Committee." He was shot 27 November 1941. In 1961 Goloshchekin was rehabilitated. But in the memory of the Kazakh people, he was a man, whose name is associated with hunger and famine. Kazakhs called Goloschekin "Kuzhak", which means "The Naked cheek."