7. The 1905 Russian Revolution, its impact on Kazakhstan.

The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire, some of which was directed at the government. It included worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies. It led to Constitutional Reform including the establishment of the State Duma, the multi-party system, and the Russian Constitution of 1906.

Influence:

Labor movement in Kazakhstan in 1905 — 1907 entered a new stage of the development. These years there was a number of large political and economic speeches of the workers who have been closely connected with the general course of revolutionary processes in Russia: strikes on Uspensky copper mine in December, 1905, Spassky copper-smelting plant, in Karaganda and on Uspensky mine in June, 1907, at the enterprises of Semipalatinsk, Uralsk, Aktyubinsk, True, Kustanai and other cities. The greatest scope of a strike and strike of workers in Kazakhstan received on railway transport. In the years of revolution on edge lines movement of trains repeatedly stopped, railroad workers attendance order entered the 8-hour working day, achieved a string of concessions from administration, created labor unions, took control of stations, sites, and sometimes the whole roads; organized fighting teams etc. The revolutions which have arisen in the period of the highest lifting in October-December, 1905 railway committees of Perovsk, Petropavlovsk, Uralsk and other stations of edge, on an equal basis with Councils of working deputies "actually were rudiments of new revolutionary power.

8. Socio-economic development of the Soviet Kazakhstan in the 1960s. Policy of Tselina (1954).

There was a task of the further development of the national economy after the end of the Great Patriotic war in Kazakhstan.

General Secretary of CPSU(Communist Party of the Soviet Union) N. Khrushchev’s decision in late 1953 to create a new breadbasket out of allegedly underutilized lands of southern Siberia and Kazakhstan affected the Kazakhs more than any other Soviet policy decision, with the possible exception of collectivization. The Kazakh economy was again forced to adapt.

September (1953) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU discussed and adopted program of measures of the further development of agriculture.

the basic part of a fertile virgin soil was in Kazakhstan in marginal lands. Besides, there were no human resources for acquisition of virgin economy.

50 000 builders, about 3000 medical workers, almost 1500 teachers and others professionals arrived in total to the republic at the first stage of mass development of a virgin soil.

Thanks to mass labour heroism of the Soviet people in the big areas of the new soils ploughed in 1954-1956 allowed to expand sharply 18 million hectares of virgin lands or 60,6 % to the general under crops, it was essential to increase the delivery of bread to the state.

In 1956 Kazakhstan had over the first billion poods of grain. During 1956-1968 in republic the areas under the crops increased in Kazakhstan in to 28,6 million hectares.

Such grandiose project as the development of several millions hectares of the virgin lands in Kazakhstan had the hugest value: either positive, either so and negative.

It is possible to mark some positive results:

• The inflow of a labor sources, vehicles, the machinery equipment in territory of Kazakhstan;

• Strengthening of material base of agriculture industries;

• High rates of development of an agricultural production and population growth;

The negative ones:

• Infringement of ecological balance, aeration fertile soils;

• Reduction of pastures;

• A damage to animal husbandry industries (low rate of meat and diary production).

It is possible to learn a lesson from any example from the history. The development of virgin lands will serve as an instructive lesson for the future generations of the necessity to watch the nature of the Native land besides the grandiose economic outputs and profits.