V. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя указанные в скобках слова и употребляя глаголы-сказуемые в форме страдательного залога:

Например: When should we submit the report? (in two days)

The report should be submitted in two days.

1. Why did you spend so much time at the superior’s office? (point out some mistakes)

2. How is it possible to know a man? (the company he keeps)

3. What do we request customers to refrain from? (smoking)

4. You are receiving foreign visitors tonight. How many people are you waiting for? (seven people)

5. The boss was busy and Sally had to wait. How long had the boss kept her waiting before she managed to see him? (forty minutes)

6. How much have the police fined you for illegal parking? ($50)

7. Are you going to do the work together with your colleagues? (joint efforts)

8. Do they never say «no» to his suggestions? (object to)

9. How long were they holding the shareholders’ meeting yesterday? (all day long)

10. Both parties have been discussing the terms of the contract for two hours. When will they arrive at any agreement? (by midday)

8. Согласование времен. Косвенная речь

При переводе предложений из прямой речи в косвенную применяется правило согласования времен, которое заключается в следующем:

1. Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения имеет форму настоящего или будущего времени, то глагол-сказуемое придаточного предложения может употребляться в любой видовременной форме, требуемой по смыслу:

I think you are right. – Я думаю, что вы правы.

They have said that they will fulfill the order next week. – Они сказали, что мы выполнят заказ на следующей неделе.

I will explain to you why he was absent yesterday. – Я объясню вам, почему он вчера отсутствовал.

2. Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в форме прошедшего времени (обычно Past Simple), то глагол-сказуемое придаточного предложения не может иметь форму настоящего или будущего времени и должен употребляться в одной из форм прошедшего времени:

Прямая речь			Косвенная речь
Present Simple	→			Past Simple
He said, “I want to have a rest.”		He said he wanted to have a rest.
Present Continuous	→			Past Continuous
He said, “I am looking for a job.”		He said he was looking for a job.
Present Perfect	→			Past Perfect
She said, “I have sent you an e-mail.”		She said she had sent me an e-mail.
Present Perfect Continuous	→			Past Perfect Continuous
He said, “I have been waiting for ages.”		He said he had been waiting for ages.
Past Simple	→			Past Perfect
He said, “I graduated in 2012.”		He said he had graduated in 2012.
Past Continuous	→			Past Perfect Continuous
She said, “We were working at 10.”		She said they had been working at 10.
Past Perfect	→			Past Perfect
He said, “I had finished my work by 6.”		He said he had finished his work by 6.
Future Simple	→			Future-in-the-Past
They said, “We will call you soon.”		They said they would call us soon.
can / may / have to	→			could / might / had to
They asked, “Can we help you?” He asked, “May I come in?” She said, “I have to leave now.”		They asked if they could help me. He asked if he might come in. She said she had to leave then.

Обратите внимание, что кроме изменения формы глагола в придаточном предложении, при переходе прямой речи в косвенную происходит следующая замена указательных местоимений и наречий места и времени:

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
here	there
this	that
these	those
now	then
today	that day
tonight	that night
yesterday	the day before, the previous day
two days ago	two days before, two days earlier
a year ago	a year before, the previous year
last night	the night before, the previous night
tomorrow	the next day, the following day
next week	the next week, the following week
in a month	a month later

Например:

He said, “I bought this present for you.”

→ He said that he had bought that present for me. – Он сказал, что купил этот подарок для меня.

He said, “I saw her two days ago.”

→ He said that he had seen her two days before. – Он сказал, что видел ее за два дня до этого.

She said, “I will come tomorrow.”

→ She said that she would come the next day. – Она сказала, что приедет завтра.