Относительные местоимения

who	относится к одушевленному существительному (который, кто)	People who / that control oil control the world. – Люди, которые контролируют нефть, контролируют мир.
whom	относится к одушевленному существительному (которого, которому)	The man (whom / who / that) you are looking for is not here. – Мужчины, которого вы ищете, здесь нет. This is the woman to whom I spoke yesterday. – Вот женщина, с которой я вчера говорил.
which	относится к неодушевленному существительному (который)	The folders which / that are on the table are ours. – Папки, которые лежат на столе, наши. These are the documents to which they refer. – Вот документы, на которые они ссылаются.
which	относится ко всему предшествующему предложению (что)	I said nothing, which made him furious. – Я ничего не сказал, что привело его в бешенство.
whose	относится к одушевленному или неодушевленному существительному (чей, которого)	You are the only person whose opinion I value. – Вы единственный человек, чье мнение я ценю. It’s a company whose logo features a lantern. – Это компания, логотип которой похож на фонарь.
what	не зависит от существительного (то что)	This is not what we expected. – Это не то, что мы ожидали.

Примечания:

• Относительное местоимение that, which, whom и who может опускаться, если оно не является подлежащим в придаточном предложении: Olivia is the girl (whom / who / that) I met at the conference. – Оливия – это та девушка, которую я встретил на конференции. He didn’t want to share the data (which / that) he had obtained. – Он не хотел делиться данными, которые он получил.

• That может выступать в роли союза, соединяющего главное и придаточное предложение. В этом случае that относится не к существительному, а к глаголу-сказуемому в главном предложении и имеет значение «что»: Everybody knows that he is a great fan of tennis. – Все знают, что он большой поклонник тенниса. I’m sorry that I offended you. – Извини, что я тебя обидел.

I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:

A.

1. Good morning, Mr. Bradford. Is that (me / I / my) you are looking for?

2. Personal calls should be made in (you / your / yours) own time.

3. He is the boss, it’s up to (he / him / his) to take decisions.

4. Goods get into the hands of those who really want (them / theirs / their).

5. The secretary registered the letter and put (it / its / him) back into the envelope.

6. As long as you pay off the loan, the house will be (you / your / yours).

7. That discount store will lose (his / its / their) customers if it doesn't improve the service department.

8. Just between you and (me / I / my), I think Mr. Pitt is going to lose (he / him / his) job.

9. I had a meeting with (me / my / mine) subordinates to ensure they are reaching (theirs / them / their) goals.

10. Scarcity is the imbalance between (our / ours / us) desires and the means of satisfying (theirs / them / their).

B.

1. If I were you, I would have done everything (me / – / myself) already.

2. Have you two met (yourself / – / yourselves) before? ~ Yes, we have.

3. Michael must believe in (him / hisself / himself), or he will never succeed.

4. Stay patient and the conflict may resolve (it / its / itself).

5. Modern teenagers sometimes have difficulty in expressing (them / theirs / themselves).

6. Ms. Veil doesn’t want any advisors. She can solve the problem (her / hers / herself).

7. He considers (him / his / himself) to be in command of the situation.

8. Doctors advise us to exercise regularly in order to keep (us / yourselves / ourselves) healthy.

9. Nowadays more and more people can afford (them / – / themselves) to travel abroad for their holidays.

10. You worry (yourself / – / yourselves) too much about the exams. Try to relax (yourself / – / yourselves) and enjoy (you / – / yourself) at the party.

C.

1. (It / There) is half past eleven already.

2. Take a taxi. (It / There) is a long way to the station.

3. (It / There) was a look of strong disapproval on my superior’s face.

4. I’m very fond of my job, even though (it / there) means doing a lot of work.

5. (It / There) is impossible to read his handwriting.

6. (It / There) is much work still to be done.

7. The President thinks (it / there) is in his country’s best interests to increase taxes.

8. (It / There) were two defence witnesses but I wouldn’t trust either of them.

9. (It / There) is a new one-way traffic system in the city centre. (It / There) is very confusing.

10. Will (it / there) be any delays because of the strike? ~ Well, (it / there) would be a good idea to ring the airline and check.

D.

1. Do you remember (that / this) presentation I made in September?

2. Some day you will be sorry for (this / that).

3. (Those / These) who try hard deserve to succeed.

4. I’m working as a tourist guide (this / that) summer.

5. (These / Those) language options are open to our students: English, German, and Italian.

6. Fortunately, (this / that) was not the only naive mistake that I made.

7. At (that / this) time, I dreamed of becoming a scientist.

8. He was one of (that / those) men who devoted all their lives to science.

9. (These / Those) days, most young people have access to the Internet via their mobile phone.

10. There are some historic buildings in Belarus, but they are not as fascinating as (these / those) in Europe.