10. Answer the following questions

1. What keeps people warm, safe and in style?

2. What items are manufactured from textiles?

3. What are non-traditional uses of textiles?

4. What is the process of transforming yanks into cloth that has been known for centuries?

5. How can you characterize modern looms?

6. What can yarns be made of?

7. What machines is knitting performed on in the textile industry?

8. What has been made necessary by growing domestic and international competition?

9. What is advanced machinery boosting?

10. What can you say about flexible manufacturing in the textile industry?

11. Make a plan of the text

12. Translate the part of the text in italics in a written form

13. Retell the text according to your plan Text c. Computer infections

Glossary

instill [ɪnˈstɪl] – проникати

attach [əˈtætʃ] – пристосовувати

software [ˈsɒftweə(r)] – програмне забезпечення

run [rʌn] – працювати

reproduce [ˌriːprəˈdjuːs] – відтворювати

wreck [rek] – руйнувати

havoc [ˈhævək] – руйнування, спустошення

replicate [ˈreplɪkeɪt] – копіювати

worm [wɜːm] – черв'як

security hole [sɪˈkjʊərəti] [həʊl] – отвори в безпеці

claim [kleɪm] – заявляти, вимагати

erase [ɪˈreɪz] – стирати

trait [treɪt] – риса

14. Listen to the text “Computer infections” and define if the statements are true or false

1. An e-mail virus does not move around in e-mail messages and does not mail itself to dozens of people in the victim’s e-mail address book.

2. A worm is small piece of software that uses computer network and security holes to replicate itself.

3. A copy of the worm scans the network for another machine that a specific security hole and starts replicating form there.

4. Trojan horses have many ways to replicate automatically.

15. Listen to the text once more and give the answers to the questions

1. What is a computer virus?

2. What is a Trojan horse?

Unit 7 Text a. Systems for the textile and apparel industry

1. Read and translate the text using the glossary

Computer aided design (CAD) is industry specific design system using computer as a tool. CAD is used to design anything from an aircraft to knitwear. Originally CAD was used in designing high precision machinery, but slowly it found its way in other industries. In 1970's it made an entry in the textile and apparel industry. Most companies abroad have now integrated some form of CAD into their design and production process.

Automation is not only used for substituting the labour, it is also adopted for improving quality and producing quantity in lesser time. However, a CAD system is only as good (or as bad) as the designer working on it. Computer only speeds up the process of repeat making, colour changing, motif manipulation etc.

Textile Design Systems. Woven textiles are used by designers and merchandisers for home furnishing and for men-women-children wear. Most fabrics can be designed using a CAD system for textiles. Similarly embroideries are also developed at CAD workstations. Some systems specialise in knitwear production and final knitted design can be viewed on screen with indication of all stitch formation. For instance a CAD program will produce a pullover graph that will indicate information on amount of yarn needed by colour for each piece. Another example of the new technology in the industries using a yarn scanner which is attached to the computer scans a thousand meters of yarn and then simulates a knitted/ woven fabric on-screen. This simulation will show how the fabric will look like if woven from that yarn. The process of producing printed fabrics involves use of computers in design, development and manipulation of motif. The motif can then be resized, recoloured, rotated or multiplied depending on the designer's goal. Textures and weave structures can be indicated so that printout either on paper or actual fabric looks very much the way the final product will look.

Sketch Pad Systems. These are graphic programmes that allow the designer to use pen or stylus on electronic pad or tablet thereby creating freehand images which are then stored in the computer. The end product is no different from those sketches made on paper with pencil.

Texture Mapping (3D Draping Software). This technology allows visualisation of fabric on the body. Texture mapping is a process by which fabric can be draped over a form in a realistic way. The pattern of the cloth is contoured to match the form underneath it. The designer starts with an image of a model wearing a garment. Each section of the garment is outlined from seam line to seam line. Then a swatch of new fabric created in textile design system is laid over the area and the computer automatically fills in the area with new colour or pattern. The result is the original silhouette worn by original model in a new fabric.

Embroidery Systems. The designs used for embroidery can be incorporated on the fabric for making garment. For this special computerised embroidery machines are used. Designers can create their embroidery designs or motifs straight on the computer or can work with scanned images of existing designs. All they need to do is assign colour and stitch to different parts of the design. This data is then fed into an embroidery machine with one or multiple heads for stitching.

Glossary

aircraft [ˈeəkrɑːft] – літак

apparel [əˈpærəl] industry – швейна промисловість

assign [əˈsaɪn] – передавати (колір)

computer aided design – конструювання за допомогою комп'ютера

development [dɪˈveləpmənt] – розробка

electronic pad (tablet) – дошка

embroidery [ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri] – вишивка

feed [fiːd] – подавати

freehand [ˈfriːhænd] – зроблений від руки (рукою)

furnishing [ˈfɜːnɪʃiŋ] – обстановка

high precision [prɪˈsɪʒən] machinery [məˈʃiːnəri] – високо точне устаткування

involve [ɪnˈvɒlv] – включати

knitwear [ˈnɪtweər] – трикотаж

mapping [ˈmæpɪŋ] – схематичне зображення (відтворення)

merchandiser [ˈmɜːtʃəndaɪzər] – продавець

motif [məʊˈtiːf] – візерунок, орнамент

outline [ˈaʊtlaɪn] – малювати контур

pattern [ˈpætn] – лекало, візерунок

printout [ˈprɪntaʊt] – малюнок

quality [ˈkwɒləti] – якість

quantity [ˈkwɒntəti] – кількість

resize [rɪˈzɪz] – змінювати розмір

simulate [ˈsɪmjʊleɪt] – моделювати

sketch [sketʃ] – ескіз

speed up [ˈspiːd ˌʌp] – прискорити

stitch [stɪtʃ] – стібок; шити, зшивати

store [stɔː(r)] – зберігати

stylus [ˈstaɪləs] – гравірувальна голка

swatch [swɒtʃ] – взірець

wear [weə(r)] – одяг

weave [wiːv] structure – структура переплетіння

woven [ˈwəʊvən] textiles – ткані матеріали

yarn [jɑːn] – пряжа