Вариант 2

Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму прилагательного.

1. My son is two years (old) than my daughter.

2. It was (bad) mistake I’ve ever made.

3. The Thames is (short) than the Volga.

Задание 2. Напишите следующие числительные и даты словами.

14, 671, 2794, 3-й, 91-й, 45-й, 22 декабря 1974, 7 июня 2001

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркнитемодальныеглаголы.

1. We need a month’s work to repair this track.

2. The design of a new aircraft may require the work of 1000 skilled men.

3. With the development of industry railways have to carry more freight.

Задание 4. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в нужном времени.

1. We (to visit) our friends next week?

2. He (to see) her in the office ten minutes ago.

3. Jane (to speak) to us every morning.

4. You (to be) at the concert yesterday.

5. They (to do) this work in 2 days.

Задание 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

RAILROAD

The railroad made it possible to carry goods and people overland for long distances at high speed. Railroads were first built in Great Britain and in the 19^th century, as the Industrial Revolution developed, the railroads were the most important and fastest growing form of transportation.

There were railroads long before there were railroad engines or locomotives. As early as the 16^th century, wagon-ways made of wooden rails were used to convey wagons loaded with coal from the mines in Durham and Northumberland in northeast England. It was found that horses could pull heavier loads along a smooth track than a rough road.

Later, iron plates were used to protect the wood and around 1800 L-shaped rails came into use for guiding the wagon wheels. These “plate-ways” and “tramways” were also used in South Wales and it was there in 1804 that the Cornish mine owner Richard Trevithick worked on a steam locomotive able to haul a load of 20 tons. With the development of steam engine, the way was open for the start of the railroad age.

In Russia the beginning of railway construction may be traced as far back as the second half of the 18^th century, when the country was awakening from the long slumber of the Middle Ages. Since capitalism was gaining ground in Russia, new industrial enterprises began to spring up all over the country and then the existing machines could not cope with the ever increasing demands of the mines. The first steam locomotive in Russia was constructed by the Cherepanovs, father and son, who were considered to be the most skilled and most talented workmen of their time.

Задание 6. Ответьте письменно на вопросы согласно тексту.

1. Where were the first railways used?

2. Why did Russia begin rapid construction of railways?

Вариант 3

Задание 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму прилагательного.

1. This road is about mile (long) than that one.

2. Their team is definitely (good) in the world.

3. Today the weather is (cold) than it was yesterday.

Задание 2. Напишите следующие числительные и даты словами.

19, 520, 4173, 8-й, 72-й, 36-й, 10 ноября 1892, 31 апреля 1956

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Подчеркнитемодальныеглаголы.

1. High-speed train “Sokol” can run 650 km for 3.5 hours.

2. The best route must be short and cheap without long tunnels.

3. Engineers have to apply this system to get better results.

Задание 4. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужном времени.

1. We (not to take) a vacation next month.

2. Mary often (to speak) to her friends about music.

3. I (to live) near the metro station 3 years ago.

4. His brother (to work) as a manager?

5. The students (to translate) this text the day after tomorrow.

Задание 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER TRAINS

The development of the modern inter-city passenger trains began in the 1869s, when George Pullman persuaded US railway companies to let him run his own sleeping cars, and later the dining cars in their trains. G. Pullman built his first car remodeling a stage-coach body for this purpose. This car didn’t look like the cars we are familiar with and was much simpler in design. However, it proved to be so much suitable for long distance travel that passengers gladly paid the extra money for travelling in it. These carriages, on which a supplementary Pullman fare was charged, set standards of comfort previously unknown on trains.

Pullman’s initiative was copied in Europe by a Belgian, Georges Nagelmakers, the founder in 1876 of the International Sleeping Car Company. As a result, by the century’s end the furnishing, facilities, and cuisine of long-haul US and some European international trains (such as the Orient Express) justified their description as “hotels on wheels”.

As the century ended, railways were driven by their passengers’ enthusiasm for travel to begin significant improvement in the comfort and speed of their ordinary trains, in all classes of accommodation.

Задание 6. Ответьте письменно на вопросы согласно тексту.

1. What is George Pullman famous for?

2. Why are European international trains called “hotels on wheels”?