(Настоящее Завершенное)
Present Perfect употребляется для выражения законченного действия, но РЕЗУЛЬТАТ этого действия непосредственно связан с настоящим, причём в этом случае для нас важно совершение этого действия.
I have broken my pencil! I can not write the dictation. BY – к какому-то моменту |
Just – только что
Would you like something to eat? – No, thanks. I have just had lunch.
Already – уже
Don’t forget to post the letter. – I have already posted it.
Yet – еще (в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях, стоит в конце предложения)
She has not read the article yet.
Has Mr. Smith left his house yet?
Также: ever - всегда, never - никогда, so far – давно, lately – недавно, recently – недавно
today, this week, this day, this morning, this evening – периоды времени не закончились
It is the first (second) time something has happened
It is the first time he has driven the car. He has not driven the car before.
Present Perfect Continuious
(Настоящее Завершено-Продолженное)
Мы используем Present Perfect Continuous, чтобы спросить или сообщить о том, КАК ДОЛГО что-то длилось:
Действие началось в прошлом и закончилось к настоящему моменту, важно показать, КАК ДОЛГО действие длилось
(НЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТ)Действие началось в прошлом, продолжается в данный момент и завершиться в будущем, важно показать, КАК ДОЛГО действие длиться к настоящему моменту
FOR – в течение какого-то времени
SINCE – с какого-то времени
HOW LONG – как долго
I have been writing for more than an hour.
We’ve been staying here nearly a week.
You have been making excuses for him all your life.
She has been having English lessons since she was five.
How long have you been playing tennis?
Ex. 9. Complete the sentences using Present Perfect
► I (to buy) a new car. - I have bought a new car.
1. Mary (to move) to a new house.
2. Fred and Frank (to start) a company.
3. My parents (to go) to Greece.
4. Sue (to get married).
5. Granny (to celebrate) her 80th birthday.
Ex.10. Write a sentence using Present Perfect Continuous
► John is sunburnt. (sit / in the sun) - He has been sitting in the sun.
1. The ground is wet (rain).
2. Jack has no money left (shop).
3. Fred is covered in paint (paint / the kitchen).
4. Maisy is tired and irritable (drive / for 4 hours).
5. Harry is very hot and dirty (dig / the garden).
Ex. 11. Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous
1. (to build) The Browns … a house for some time. They … all the main walls now.
2. (to write) John … his novel since last year. He … the first three chapters.
3. (to paint) The painters … the town hall since February. They … nearly half of it now.
4. (to save) The Cooks … to go on holiday next summer. They ... €2000 up to now.
5. (to watch) I … cartoons on TV. I … 4 cartoons already.
Ex. 12. Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous
1. You look tired. You (to study) hard?
2. Mr. Brown is new here, isn't he? How 1ong he (to work) for the company?
3. I (to lose) my wallet. Have you seen it anywhere?
4. I (to read) the magazine you lent me, but I (not / finish) yet.
5. You (to hear) the bad news? Simon (to break) his leg!
6. How many articles you (to write)?
7. What you (to do)? I (to wait) for you for an hour!
8. Bob and his friends (to play) golf since this morning.
9. I (to know) Louise for ten years.
Ex. 13. Change Present Continuous to Present Perfect
1. I am eating my breakfast. 2. We are drinking water. 3. He is bringing them some meat and vegetables. 4. They are having tea. 5. The children are putting on their coats. 6. The pupils are writing a dictation. 7. My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem. 8. I am learning a poem. 9. She is telling them an interesting story. 10. She is opening a box of chocolates.
Ex. 14. Present Continuous or Present Perfect
1.What you (to talk) about now? 2. We just (to talk) about it. 3. He just (to say) something about it. 4. She (to tell) them some interesting story now. 5. We (to have) two lessons today. 6. They (to have) a meeting now. 7. They just (to ask) me several questions. 8. He already (to learn) the rule. 9. I (to write) an exercise now. 10. You already (to read) any stories by Jack London? 11. Who (to write) already the article? 12. What languages you (to study) now? 13. You (to find) the book? 14. What you (to look) for?
Ex. 15. Present Perfect or Past Simple
1. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 2. My father (to know) much because he (to travel) a lot. 3. I (to see) Peter today. 4. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 5. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 6. I just (to meet) our teacher. 7. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother. 8. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 9. She (to live) there last year. 10. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 11. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago. 12. Mary (to buy) a new hat. 13. I (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday. 14. The weather (to change), and we can go or a walk. 15. The wind (to change) in the morning.
16. I already (to do) my hometask. Now I can go for a walk. 17. I (to do) my hometask yesterday. 18. He just (to come) home. 19. He (to come) home a minute ago. 20. Nick (to play) football yesterday. 21. I (to read) this book last year. 22. I (to read) this book this year. 23. I never (to be) in Washington. 24. You ever (to be) to New York? 25. I (not to eat) today. 26. He (not to eat) yesterday. 27. You (to play) the piano yesterday? 28. You (to play) the piano today? 29. What you (to prepare) for today? 30. Where you (to put) my pen? I cannot find it. 31. You (to see) Ann today? 32. When you (to see) Ann? – I (to see) her last week. 33. He is not at school today, he (to fall) ill. – When he (to fall) ill? – He (to fall) ill yesterday.
Ex.16. Present Perfect, Present Continuous, Present Simple or Past Simple
1. Please, give me a pencil, I (to lose) mine. 2. I (not to meet) Peter since Monday. 3. Nina just (to finish) work. 4. Where Sergey (to be)? – He (to go) home. He (to leave) the room a minute ago. 5. My watch (to stop). There (to be) something wrong with it. 6. You (to see) Jack today? – Yes, I (to see) him at the institute. 7. You (to change) so much. Anything (to happen)? 8. What you (to do) here at such a late hour? You (to write) your composition? – No, I (to write) it already. I (to work) at my report. – And when you (to write) your composition? – I (to finish) it two days ago. 9. I say, Tom, let’s have dinner. – No, thank you, I already (to have) dinner. 10. What the weather (to be) like? It still (to rain)? – No, it (to stop) raining.
Past Simple