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1 Answer the following questions:

  1. What do people attach the names of leaders to?

  2. What impression do leaders try to create of themselves?

  3. What is the difference between procedural rationality and instrumental rationality?

  4. Prove that the human factor in making decisions is very important.

  5. What do leaders say about their own role in the world history?

  6. What factor modify the impact of leaders?

  7. What circumstances can enhance a leader’s influence?

  8. How can public opinion affect a leader’s decisions?

  9. How do leaders act, if the situation is stable/unstable?

  10. What role does information play in a leader’s behaviour?

2 Give Russian equivalents for the following word-combinations:

history-making individuals, to reinforce the image, decisive determinants, to seek to create, to make assumptions, personalities of counterparts, to pose a dilemma, wide divergences, cost-benefit calculation, to yield the preferred outcome, to goad smb. into a military strike, fourth-rate military power, preeminent superpower, reminder of smth., to get people to do smth., variety of constraints, venturesome leaders, disconcerting experience, to blur designs, to dull purposes, question at issue, influential characteristics, to enhance influence, conventional approach, complex situation, the range of permissible options, to govern decision making, to favor a leader, to meet a desire, to be at stake, to tend to respond, pertinent information, assumption of power, the “honeymoon“ period, assassination of a predecessor, constituency criticism, potent circumstance, to handle decision making, crucial information, extreme tumult, to inhibit capacity, to abound with smth., seminal importance, free enterprise, to engineer changes, system-transforming changes.

3 Give English equivalents for the following words and word-combinations:

приписывать успехи и неудачи лидерам, весь континент, губительная политика, первостепенная цель, сумасбродный лидер, недостаток самоконтроля, религиозные убеждения, сдержанный человек, политическая действенность, прямая связь, отражать внутренние потребности, очевидное влияние, доступная информация, конкретная ситуация, занять положение лидера, относительно свободный, чрезмерное давление, подавляющая победа на выборах, освободить к-л. от ч-л.(2 глагола), играть решающую роль, изменить ход истории, ступить на путь демократии.

4 Make up nouns from the following verbs and adjectives using suffixes:

to equate, to initiate, to assume, to reinforce, to attach, to ascribe, to occur, to determine, to extend, to conquer, to survive, to engage, to diverge, to calculate, to proceed, to found, to imply, to connote, to describe, to apply, to suggest, to appear, to tempt, to convict, to observe, to vary, to constrain, to accomplish, to reduce, to conclude, to discover, to modify, to enhance, to permit, to link, to admire, to reflect, to allege, to entangle, to require, to restrict, to assassinate, to exclude, to emerge, to commit, to implode;

conscious, rational, similar, simple, omniscient, consistent, popular, probable, complete, legitimate, pertinent.