Variant IX Exercise I

Read and translate the text into Russian.

Coal mining was once a powerful and proud industry in Great Britain.

In 1955 there were 850 working coal mines in Britain. By the end of 1995, after privatization, only 32 deep mines were still in operation and three-quarters of their produce was for use in electricity generation. Coal is more polluting and less efficient than natural gas.

Oil and gas were discovered under the British sector of the North Sea in 1985. Britain was the sixth largest producer of oil in the world but by 1995 had fallen back to rank ninth. It is the largest gas producer.

Britain established the world’s first large-scale nuclear plant in 1956. It was assumed that nuclear energy would be a clean, safe solution of energy needs. The question of nuclear energy became a serious problem, particularly after disasters elsewhere. Unless a much safer and more efficient system is designed, nuclear power has little future.

In the early 1980s Britain started to take renewable energy sources much more seriously than previously. It is estimated that wind energy sources could provide over 60 percent of the national electricity requirement. Britain now has one of the major wind generation facilities in Europe. Renewable energy sources are planned to provide 3 percent of the national requirement in the near future.

Exercise II

Give English equivalents of:

1. Производитель газа

2. Безопасное решение энергетических нужд

3. Спроектировать безопасную систему

4. Возобновляемые энергетические источники

5. Энергетические потребности страны

Exercise III

Give Russian equivalents of:

Be in cooperation
Electricity generation
Wind generation facilities
Established large-scale nuclear plant
Coal mining

Exercise IV

Fill the gaps with the correct verb Active or Passive Voice:

Stamps (Марки).

In 1840 Rowland Hill’s Penny Stamp Act (законопроект) became law (закон). Under this law, letters (paid, were paid) for by weight (по весу). Previously they (had charged, had been charged – взимать плату) according to the distance or number of sheets. It also became compulsory (обязательный) to pay for postage in advance (заранее). This (had not done, had not always been done) before and often people had refused (отказываться) to pay for letters which (delivered, were delivered - доставлять) to them. Stamps (were introduced, introduced -вводить )in 1840 as easy way of checking that postage (had paid, had been paid).

Exercise V. Conditionals

a) Translate the given sentences. Mind the First Conditional.

1. If the researcher uses this new approach, he will be able to avoid many errors.

2. He will help you by all means, if he has some free time.

3. The plant will not pollute the environment, provided it is provided with all necessary

protection equipment.

Translate the given sentences. Mind the Second and the Third Conditionals.

1. If I were in your place. I would receive the proposal.

2. He would translate the article, if he had a dictionary.

3. If the students had worked hard during the term, they would have passed the exam.

b) Rewrite the sentences using the Zero, First, Second or Third Conditional. The second sentence must have the same meaning as the first.

You put oil on water, the oil floats.

If you put oil on water, it floats.

Madonna’s new record is coming out soon and I don’t want to buy it.

When ___________________________

President Kennedy went to Dallas and he was shot.