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Folk music

Folk music is the people's music. Its sound is that of the human voice telling a story, often of work, love, death, or protest. Over time, authorship is forgotten. Every group that came to America brought its own songs, which were shared, reworked, and passed along. English, Scottish, and Irish ballads became Appalachian or cowboy songs. French, African, and Hispanic music evolved into blues, rock, and Tex-Mex music.

With the advent of recording in the 1920s, the Carter family began to document traditional Appalachian songs. A wealth of black folk songs was recorded by the itinerant 12-string guitarist Leadbelly for the Library of Congress, which made them widely accessible for the first time. Woody Guthrie crisscrossed the country during the Depression with his guitar and harmonica, learning local songs and writing new ones in support of the downtrodden.

Actor and singer Burl Ives was the first folksinger to win a mass audience by performing on radio and television in the 1940s and 1950s. Pete Seeger's quartet, The Weavers, sang a hit version of «Good Night. Irene» that helped spur the urban folk revival of the 1950s. Although most of their hits were apolitical, they were nevertheless blacklisted from many nightclubs for their leftist leanings. No one, however, objected to the clean-cut image of the Kingston Trio, a smoothly energetic group whose 1958 hit «Тот Dooley» further spread the folk craze among high school and college students.

In the early 1960s Joan Baez sang mournful ballads with a haunting, lyrical dimension. Grave-mannered Joan Baez sang in a crystalline voice. For many she embodied opposition to the Vietnam War. Folk music began to underscore the civil rights and antiwar movements. In 1963, on the day of the March on Washington, Baez led a crowd of 200,000 in Pete Seeger's song «We Shall Overcome». The version of Bob Dylan's «Blowin' in the Wind» also became a civil rights anthem. In the '80s and'90s a few singers carried the folk torch while folk-rock groups took the tradition in yet another direction.

Vocabulary

authorship – авторство

to evolve – развиваться

advent – наступление, пришествие

itinerant – странствующий, бродячий

crisscross – перекрещивать, объездить вдоль и поперек

downtrodden – забитый, загнанный

to spur - побуждать, подстрекать

revival – возрождение, оживление

to blacklist – вносит в черный список

anthem – гимн

torch – факел

Дополните предложения:

1. Folk music is ....

2. Every group that came to America brought its own songs which ....

3. The Carter family began to document....

4. A wealth of black folk songs was recorded by the itinerant....

5. Woody Guthrie crisscrossed the country... .

6. Pete Seeger's quartet, the Weavers, sang a hit version of «Goocl Night, lrene» that....

7. In the early 1960s Joan Baez sang mournful ballads ....

8. The version of Bob Dylan's «Blowin' in the Wind» also became ...

2. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. What are the main characteristics of folk music?

2. Whose music became cowboy songs?

3. Which music evolved into blues, rock and Tex-Mex music?

4. How were folk songs documented and made accessible for the public?

5. Who began to write new songs in support of the downtrodden?

6. What was the history of performing folk songs on radio and television?

7. Why were they blacklisted from many nightclubs?

8. Which song spread the folk craze among high school and college students?

9. In which way did Joan Baez sing her songs?

10. What did folk music begin to underscore?

Unit 8

Grammar: 1. Passive Voice Text: Dancing