Топик По Английскому Языку (Петренко Ю. М.) / History of printing

History of printing.

Printing is a process for reproducing text and image with ink on paper using a printing press.

Woodblock printing is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China as a method of printing on textiles and later paper.

Movable type is the system printing and typography using movable pieces of metal type.

Johannes Gutenberg developed European printing technology around 1439.

Letterpress is the oldest printing technology invented by Gutenberg in 1440. His invention is based on three things: cast print types, a hand-casting instruments and a printing press.

Ivan Fedorov was one of the fathers if Russian and Ukrainian printing. He was also a master cannon maker and the inventor of multibarreled mortar.

Intaglio engraving as a method of making prints was invented in Germany by the 1430s, after the woodcut print. It used by goldsmiths to decorate metalwork, musical instruments and other.

Lithography was invented in 1796. In the early days of lithography, a smooth piece of limestone was used.

Chromolithography was the first method for making true multi-color prints and it includes all types of lithography that are printed in color.

Offset printing was invented in 1870s. Offset printing is the major lithographic technologies in which the ink is first transferred from the printing plate onto a flexible intermediate carrier- the blanket- and then onto the substrate.

In 1843, Richard March Hoe invented the rotary printing press, a design much faster than the old flat-bed printing press.

The modern screen printing process originated from patents taken out by Samuel Simon in 1907 in England.

After 1960s, was discovered digital printing, for example: xerography, inkjet printing, print on demand, 3D printing.