- •Its forms and usage
- •1.1.1.2. Masculine nouns with stressed о, е, ё in the final syllaЫe of the stem
- •1.1.4. Ldiomatic expressions and set-phrases
- •1.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive case singular
- •1.2.1. The endings -ы and -и.
- •1.3.2. The ten neuter gender nouns which end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4. 1.4. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.1.Б. Retention of the nominative singular form as the genitive plural form
- •1.4.1.5. Dropping the singular ending -ин
- •1.4.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive plural 1.4.2.1. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.2.3. Dropped ending -а or -я and the insertion of а 'fleeting vowel'
- •1.4.З.2. Dropping of -е/-о ending and the insertion of the 'fleeting vowel' е
- •1.4.4. Nouns that have no singular form
- •1.4.3.5. Neuter gender nouns that end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4.4. 1. Zero-ending
- •1.4.4.2. The endings -ов and -ев
- •1.4.5. Adjectival nouns
- •1.S.1. Adjectives
- •1.S.1.1. Hard stem in singular
- •1.5.1.2. Soft stem in singular
- •1.5. 1.3. Exceptions in singular
- •1.5.1.4. Plural
- •1.5.2. Participles
- •1. 7.3. Lndicative pronouns
- •2.1. Дdnominal genitive 2.1.1. Ownership/possession
- •2.1.2. :Relatio
- •2. 1.4.1. Тпе асегп of action
- •2.1.4.2. The object of action
- •2.1.5.2. Lndefinite quantity
- •2.1.6. The partitive genitive
- •2.1. 7. The nouns following adjectives and participles
- •2.1.8. Genitive case of time
- •2.2. Adverblal genitive 2.2.1. Object of а verb
- •Verbs and adverbs
- •2. 2. З. Nouns used with transitive verbs
- •2.2.4. The genitive case of negation
- •2.2.4.1. {А) lmpersonal constructions
- •2.2.4.4. (D) Negative verbal adverbs or participles
- •2.2.4.5. (Е) Stressed absolute negation
- •2.2.4.3. (С) Direct object with negation
- •2.2.4.6. (F) Set phrases with negation
- •2.2.4. 7. {G) Direct object is an abstract noun or pronoun
- •3.1.1. Simple primary prepositions
- •Imple adverblal prepositions
- •3.2. Complex prepositions
- •3. 2. 2. Complex nominal prepositions
- •3.2.5. Prepositions followed exclusively Ьу the genitive case
- •3.3.3. Ввиду - in view of, as, since
- •3.3.5. Взамен - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.6. Вместо - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.8. Внизу- at the foot of, at the bottom of
- •3.3.11. Возле - Ьу, oear, close Ьу
- •3.3.12. Вокруг - around, round
- •3.3.14. Вроде - like, not unlike, such as
- •3.3.15. Вследствие - owing to, on account of, in consequence of
- •3.3.42. Против - against, opposite
- •3.4.3. Special uses of douЫe prepositions
- •3.5.8. Независимо от- irrespective of
- •3.6.11. 8 Знак- as а sign of, as а token of
- •3.6.26. В порядке- in order of, as а matter of
- •3.6.27. В продолжение- during, for, in the course of
- •3.6.28. В pamкax-within the framework of
- •3.6.51. По причине- for the reason of, because of
- •3. 7. Genitive case prepositional constructions with complex verbal prepositions
- •3. 7. 1. Исходя из - proceeding from
1.4. 1.4. Dropping the singular ending -а
Masculine gender nouns which in the nominative singular have а feminine gender endings -а/-я follow the rule of formation of genitive plural of feminine gender nouns (see р. 20).
папа - nanD dad - of dads
uncle - of uncles
16
N. Ryan
RUSSIAN GENIТIVE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE
17
судья - судей паша - пашей юноша - юношей
judge - of judges pasha-ofpashas youth - of youths
1.4.1.Б. Retention of the nominative singular form as the genitive plural form
1NB: Masculine nouns ending in -ка have in the genitive plural а 'fleeting vowel' е inserted between the final к and the consonant immediately preceding it.
дедушка - дедушекО grandfather - of grandfathers
мальчишка - мальчишекО Ьоу - of boys
1.4.1.5. Dropping the singular ending -ин
Masculine nouns ending in -ин wt1ich designate the ethnicity of а person and have the ending -е in the nominative plural, form the genitive plural Ьу dropping -ин.
Nominative singu/ar: |
Nominative p/ural: |
Genitive plura/: |
англичанин |
англичане |
англичанО |
Englishman |
Englishmen |
of Englishmen |
армянин |
армяне |
армянD |
Armenian |
Armenians |
of Armenians |
датчанин |
датчане |
датчанD |
Dane Danes of Danes
Also the nouns denoting а social position or а religion follow the same rule of formation of genitive plural.
ГОСПОДИН - господа - господО
гражданин - граждане - гражданD
крестьянин -крестьянекрестьянD
христианин -христианехристианD
gentleman - gentlemen - of gentlemen
citizen - citizens - of citizens
peasant - peasants - of peasants
Christian - Christians -
of Christians
д number of гпазсцйпе singular nouns retain the same form in genitive plural as they have for nominative singular._ These i~clude:.
(а) Those masculine gender nouns whose en?1ng -~н 1n the s1~gu_lar nominative designates ethnicity and have the end,ng -ы ,n the попппайуе lural retain their nominative singular form for the genitive plural.
Р G . G .
грузин - грузины - eorg,an - eorg,ans -
грузинD of Georgians
осетин - осетины - Ossetian - Ossets -
осетинD of Ossetians
(Ь) Some other masculine gender nouns designating ethnicity also
retain their nominative singular form for the genitive plural.
rурок - турки - турокО Turk - Turks - of Turks
цыган - цыгане - цыганD Gypsy - Gypsies - of Gypsies
(с) Only some masculine gender nouns designating members of mili-
tary groups retain their nominative singular form for the genitive plural.
гусар - гусары - гусарD hussar - hussars - of hussars
партизан - партизаны - partisan - partisans -
партизанD of partisans
солдат - солдаты - солдатD soldier - soldiers - of soldiers Most masculine gender nouns designating members of military group follow the rule of formation of genitive plural of masculine gender nouns.
генерал - генералы - general - generals -
генераловD of generals
(d) А number of masculine gender nouns designating items often found in pairs retain the nominative singular form for the genitive plural.
ботинок - ботинки - boot - boots -
ботинокО
валенок - валенки -
валенокО
пагон - погоны - погонО
сапог - сапоги - сапогО чулок - чулки - чулокО
of boots
winter boot - winter boots - of winter boots shoulder-strap - shoulderstraps - of shoulder-straps high boot - high boots -
of high boots
stocking - stockings - of stockings
But:
носок - носки - носков (е) д small group of masculine nouns designating units of measure
and often used 1wvith numerals retain their nominative singular form as their
genitive plural.
вольт - вольты - вольтО грамм - граммы - граммО1 gram - grams - of grams
Also:
раз - разы - разО Jrregu/ar поип: человек - люди -
человекО/людей
sock-socks-ofsocks
volt - volts - of volts
time - times - of times
person - people - of people