- •Its forms and usage
- •1.1.1.2. Masculine nouns with stressed о, е, ё in the final syllaЫe of the stem
- •1.1.4. Ldiomatic expressions and set-phrases
- •1.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive case singular
- •1.2.1. The endings -ы and -и.
- •1.3.2. The ten neuter gender nouns which end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4. 1.4. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.1.Б. Retention of the nominative singular form as the genitive plural form
- •1.4.1.5. Dropping the singular ending -ин
- •1.4.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive plural 1.4.2.1. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.2.3. Dropped ending -а or -я and the insertion of а 'fleeting vowel'
- •1.4.З.2. Dropping of -е/-о ending and the insertion of the 'fleeting vowel' е
- •1.4.4. Nouns that have no singular form
- •1.4.3.5. Neuter gender nouns that end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4.4. 1. Zero-ending
- •1.4.4.2. The endings -ов and -ев
- •1.4.5. Adjectival nouns
- •1.S.1. Adjectives
- •1.S.1.1. Hard stem in singular
- •1.5.1.2. Soft stem in singular
- •1.5. 1.3. Exceptions in singular
- •1.5.1.4. Plural
- •1.5.2. Participles
- •1. 7.3. Lndicative pronouns
- •2.1. Дdnominal genitive 2.1.1. Ownership/possession
- •2.1.2. :Relatio
- •2. 1.4.1. Тпе асегп of action
- •2.1.4.2. The object of action
- •2.1.5.2. Lndefinite quantity
- •2.1.6. The partitive genitive
- •2.1. 7. The nouns following adjectives and participles
- •2.1.8. Genitive case of time
- •2.2. Adverblal genitive 2.2.1. Object of а verb
- •Verbs and adverbs
- •2. 2. З. Nouns used with transitive verbs
- •2.2.4. The genitive case of negation
- •2.2.4.1. {А) lmpersonal constructions
- •2.2.4.4. (D) Negative verbal adverbs or participles
- •2.2.4.5. (Е) Stressed absolute negation
- •2.2.4.3. (С) Direct object with negation
- •2.2.4.6. (F) Set phrases with negation
- •2.2.4. 7. {G) Direct object is an abstract noun or pronoun
- •3.1.1. Simple primary prepositions
- •Imple adverblal prepositions
- •3.2. Complex prepositions
- •3. 2. 2. Complex nominal prepositions
- •3.2.5. Prepositions followed exclusively Ьу the genitive case
- •3.3.3. Ввиду - in view of, as, since
- •3.3.5. Взамен - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.6. Вместо - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.8. Внизу- at the foot of, at the bottom of
- •3.3.11. Возле - Ьу, oear, close Ьу
- •3.3.12. Вокруг - around, round
- •3.3.14. Вроде - like, not unlike, such as
- •3.3.15. Вследствие - owing to, on account of, in consequence of
- •3.3.42. Против - against, opposite
- •3.4.3. Special uses of douЫe prepositions
- •3.5.8. Независимо от- irrespective of
- •3.6.11. 8 Знак- as а sign of, as а token of
- •3.6.26. В порядке- in order of, as а matter of
- •3.6.27. В продолжение- during, for, in the course of
- •3.6.28. В pamкax-within the framework of
- •3.6.51. По причине- for the reason of, because of
- •3. 7. Genitive case prepositional constructions with complex verbal prepositions
- •3. 7. 1. Исходя из - proceeding from
1.3.2. The ten neuter gender nouns which end in -мя in nominative singular
The ten neuter gender nouns which end in -мя in the nominative
singL1lar, in genitive singL1lar take the ending -ени.
бремя - бремени burden - of а burden
знамя - знамени flag - of а flag
время - времени time - of time
name - of а name tribe - of а tribe flame - of а flame udder - of an udder
sinciput, top of the head - of the sinciput, of the top of the head
seed - of а seed
stirrup - of а stirrup
NB: The neuter gender noun дитя - а child has an irregular form in the genitive singular дитяти. This word has а very limited usage in Contemporary Standard RL1ssian (CSR); it is used in poetry. ln CSR the word for а child is ребёнок which is stylistically unmarked/neuter: ребёнок - ребёнка child - of а child
14
N. Ryan
RUSS/AN GENIТIVE: /TS FORMS AND USAGE
15
1 .4. The genitive plural of nouns
1.4. 1. Masculine nouns in the genitive case plural
Masculine gender nouns in the genitive case plural take the епоings -ов, -ев, -ёв, -ей or are not inflected at all in which case they are defined as having а zero-ending.
1.4.1.1. The ending -ов
Many masculine nouns whose stem ends in а hard consonant
take the ending -ов in the genitive plural.
завод - заводов factory - of factories
парк - парков park - of parks
слон - слонов elephant - of elephants
стол - столов tаЫе - of taЫes
студент - студентов student - of students
NB:
Some masculine nouns whose stems end in а hard consonant (as well as some whose stems end in а consonant marked Ьу ь such as ломоть, пень, день) have this consonant softened in their nominative plural form. Such nouns take the ending -ев in the genitive plural, if the stress falls on the stem, and the ending -ей if the stress falls on the ending.
брат - братья - братьев день - дни - дней
друг - друзья - друзей лист-листья-листьев стул-стулья-стульев
brother - brothers - of brothers day - days - of days
friend - friends - of friends
leaf - leaves - of leaves
chair - chairs - of chairs
сын - сыновья - сыновей son - sons - of sons Masculine noun сосед - соседи - соседей ( neighbour - neighbours - of neighbours) is an exception to this rule.
1.4.1.2. The -ов/-ев/-ёв genitive case endings
Masculine nouns with the stem ending in -ец, -яц take the ending -ов, if the stress falls on the ending, and take the ending -ев, if the stress falls on the stem. See also section 1.1.1.3 (р. 8).
боец - бойцов огурец - огурцов отец- отцов
fighter - of fighters cucumber - of cucumbers father - of fathers
палец - пальцев finger - of fingers
месяц - месяцев months - of months
Masculine nouns with the stem ending in -й, take the endings -ев/
-ёв in the genitive plural.
бой - боёв battle - of battles
герой - героев hero - of heroes
музей - музеев museum - of museums
The following nouns: воробей - sparrow, муравей - ant, репей - burdock, ручей - stream, соловей - nightingale, улей - beehive are declined as follows.
воробей - воробьёв sparrow - of sparrows
муравей - муравьёв ant - of ants
репей - репьёв burdock - of burdocks
ручей - ручьёв stream - of streams
соловей - соловьёв nightingale - of nightingales
улей - ульев beehive - of beehives
1.4.1.3. The -ей genitive case ending
Masculine nouns with the stem endings in ж, ч, ш, щ or any
other consonant softened Ьу ь take the ending -ей in the genitive plural.
врачи - врачей doctor - of doctors
дожди - дождей rain - of rains
карандаши - карандашей pencil - of pencils
мужья - мужей husband - of husbands
плащи - плащей вожди - вождей
дядя -дядей
overcoat - of overcoats leader - of leaders