- •Its forms and usage
- •1.1.1.2. Masculine nouns with stressed о, е, ё in the final syllaЫe of the stem
- •1.1.4. Ldiomatic expressions and set-phrases
- •1.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive case singular
- •1.2.1. The endings -ы and -и.
- •1.3.2. The ten neuter gender nouns which end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4. 1.4. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.1.Б. Retention of the nominative singular form as the genitive plural form
- •1.4.1.5. Dropping the singular ending -ин
- •1.4.2. Feminine gender nouns in the genitive plural 1.4.2.1. Dropping the singular ending -а
- •1.4.2.3. Dropped ending -а or -я and the insertion of а 'fleeting vowel'
- •1.4.З.2. Dropping of -е/-о ending and the insertion of the 'fleeting vowel' е
- •1.4.4. Nouns that have no singular form
- •1.4.3.5. Neuter gender nouns that end in -мя in nominative singular
- •1.4.4. 1. Zero-ending
- •1.4.4.2. The endings -ов and -ев
- •1.4.5. Adjectival nouns
- •1.S.1. Adjectives
- •1.S.1.1. Hard stem in singular
- •1.5.1.2. Soft stem in singular
- •1.5. 1.3. Exceptions in singular
- •1.5.1.4. Plural
- •1.5.2. Participles
- •1. 7.3. Lndicative pronouns
- •2.1. Дdnominal genitive 2.1.1. Ownership/possession
- •2.1.2. :Relatio
- •2. 1.4.1. Тпе асегп of action
- •2.1.4.2. The object of action
- •2.1.5.2. Lndefinite quantity
- •2.1.6. The partitive genitive
- •2.1. 7. The nouns following adjectives and participles
- •2.1.8. Genitive case of time
- •2.2. Adverblal genitive 2.2.1. Object of а verb
- •Verbs and adverbs
- •2. 2. З. Nouns used with transitive verbs
- •2.2.4. The genitive case of negation
- •2.2.4.1. {А) lmpersonal constructions
- •2.2.4.4. (D) Negative verbal adverbs or participles
- •2.2.4.5. (Е) Stressed absolute negation
- •2.2.4.3. (С) Direct object with negation
- •2.2.4.6. (F) Set phrases with negation
- •2.2.4. 7. {G) Direct object is an abstract noun or pronoun
- •3.1.1. Simple primary prepositions
- •Imple adverblal prepositions
- •3.2. Complex prepositions
- •3. 2. 2. Complex nominal prepositions
- •3.2.5. Prepositions followed exclusively Ьу the genitive case
- •3.3.3. Ввиду - in view of, as, since
- •3.3.5. Взамен - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.6. Вместо - instead of, in place of
- •3.3.8. Внизу- at the foot of, at the bottom of
- •3.3.11. Возле - Ьу, oear, close Ьу
- •3.3.12. Вокруг - around, round
- •3.3.14. Вроде - like, not unlike, such as
- •3.3.15. Вследствие - owing to, on account of, in consequence of
- •3.3.42. Против - against, opposite
- •3.4.3. Special uses of douЫe prepositions
- •3.5.8. Независимо от- irrespective of
- •3.6.11. 8 Знак- as а sign of, as а token of
- •3.6.26. В порядке- in order of, as а matter of
- •3.6.27. В продолжение- during, for, in the course of
- •3.6.28. В pamкax-within the framework of
- •3.6.51. По причине- for the reason of, because of
- •3. 7. Genitive case prepositional constructions with complex verbal prepositions
- •3. 7. 1. Исходя из - proceeding from
3.5.8. Независимо от- irrespective of
Мы решили ехать в деревню независимо от погоды. We decided to go to the village irrespective of the weather.
92 N. Ryan
нина сказала, что она купит себе ~то пл~тье независимо от 0 цены. Niпa said that she would bL1y th1s dress Irr·espective of its price. ег попи ходили, сидели, лежали ~а палубе, а параход шёл шёл: независимо от желании и цели этих людей ...
а Ф мович). "Some people walked. some were sitting dowп, others
1сера и .
inQ down оп the deck, but the sh1p kept on пюving irrespective of
ere lay f th 1 " (S t· · )
. hes and pL1rpose о ese реор е... era In1ovIch .
мwIs
з.б. Genitive case prepositional constructions with complex nominal prepositions
The prepositions used in the genitive case prepositional constructions which are derived from а primary preposition + а noun in an oЫique case are mostly found in formal, official or bL1siness styles ofwriting or speech. They comprise а large group of prepositions often synonymous to prepositionless constructions or constructions with primary prepositions. For example: в целях подготовки = для подготовки (for preparation); в силу нарушения = из-за нарушения (because of the violation); вделе образования= в образовании (in education).
Some complex nominal prepositions consist of primary preposition + noun in oЫique case + second primary preposition, the noun determines the meaning of this complex preposition and the second primary preposition determines the case of the following noun.
3.6.1. БЕЗ ПОМОЩИ - without help of
Иван не маг построить дом без помощи отца. lvan could not build his house without help of his father.
Нина никогда ничего не делала без помощи сестры. Nina never did anything without help of her sister.
3.6.2. БЕЗ СОПРОВОЖДЕНИЯ - without attendance of Туристы не могли перейти через горы без сопровождения проводника. The tourists could not get across the mountains without а guide.
RUSSIAN GENIТIVE: ITS FORMS AND USAGE
93
3.6.3. В АДРЕС - in address of
это замечание было сделано в адрес Викто .
· ' dd Ра. Тh1s re
vvas made in v,ctor s а ress. rna
Критика в адрес администрации. Criticism in add
. ress ot
ministratюn. ad.
3.6.4. 8 8ИДЕ - as, in а form of
в виде исключения разрешите студенту Смирнову с экзамен досрочно. As ап exception student Smirnov is allo дат~ for his examination before the appointed time. Wed to s1t
«Я вынул из чемодана и показал золотой медальон 8 сердечка- (Каверин). "1 took out of the suitcase а gold medall' ~иде юn 1nthe shape of а heart and showed it" (Kaverin).
«Слово "поэзия" вам смешно, вы употребляете его 8 ви
.. (li ~) " де
насмешливого у.прека ... » . олстои . The word «poetry)) is funny
for you, and you use ,t as загсавпс reproach ... " (Т olstoj).
3.6.5. 80 8РЕМЯ - during, in the time of
The preposition во время is used predominantly with natural phenomena, activities and historical events and has the meaning "during•.
Во время бури было сломано много деревьев. Many trees fell down during the storm.
Во время войны погибло много людей. А lot of people got killed during the war.
Во время сап also has the meaning of during 11the whole ot•, "throughout" when it is used with а verb in imperfective aspect.
Во время лекции студенты делали записи в своих тетрадях. During the lecture students were making notes in their notebooks.
And во время has the meaning "at some point" in when it is used
with а verb in perfective aspect.
Во время концерта кто-то закашлял. Someone coughed dur-
ing а concert.
3,6,6-
Белинский выступает во всеоружии своего критического гения. When Belinskij speaks, he is in full possession of his critical genius.
З.б.7. 8ГЛУБЬ - into the depths of, into the heart of Экспедиция зашла вглубь страны. The expedition went into the певп of the country.
З.б.8.
80 8СЕОРУЖИИ - in full capacity of, fully armed with (archaic)
8 ДЕЛЕ - for the cause of, for the business of, in the matter of
Учителя принимают большое участие в деле образования детей. Teachers play а major role in the cause ofthe education of children.
з.б.9. 8 ДУХЕ - in the spirit of
Его произведения написаны в духе любви к родине. His works are written in the spirit of love for his native land.
Этот роман написан в духе времени. This novel is written in the spirit of time.
3.6.1 О. 8 ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ - in conclusion
В заключение семинара выступил профессор Никитин.
At the conclusion of the seminar professor Nikitin took the floor.